The Type of Research
In this case, the researcher cooperated with the English teacher of class 8 G and a collaborator who is the researcher’s colleague in university. The team worked
together in planning, implementing and reflecting the action. The action research was conducted in two cycles, depending on the aim of the
research study. According to Kemmis and McTaggart in Burns 2010:8, there are four steps in conducting action research, they are:
1. Planning In this phase, the researcher identified problems or issues and
developed a plan of action in order to bring about improvement in a specific area of the research context. The researcher considered the
possible investigation within the realities and constraints of the teaching situation and the possible potential improvement.
2. Action The action could be done by carefully considering the plan which
involves some deliberate interventions in the teaching situations over an agreed period of time. The interventions are „critically informed’ as
the assumptions about the current situation and plan new and alternative ways of doing things.
3. Observation In this phase, the researcher observed systematically the effects of the
action and documenting the context, actions and opinions of those
involved. It is a data collection phase to collect information about what is happening.
4. Reflection The researcher reflected on, evaluated and described the effects of the
action in order to make sense of what has happened and to understand the issue to make decision whether the first cycle was successful and
the objectives of the research were achieved or not.
The process was conducted as the cycles below:
Figure 3: Action research model developed by Kemmis and Taggart in Burn 2010