2. Quantitative Data Analysis Technique The result from the closed questionnaire was analyzed using quantitative
technique. The result was formed into descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics are used to characterize or describe a set of numbers in terms of central tendency
Brown, 2002: 123. There are three statistics used to find central tendency, namely mean, median, and mode. Mean is the sum of all values in a distribution
divided by the numbers of values. Median is the point in the distribution below which 50 of the values lie and above which 50 lie. Mode is that value in a set
of numbers that occurs most frequently. Since the mean is mostly used, this study will employ Mean as the statistic to find the central tendency.
The formula of Mean is written as follows: M =
ΣX N
Where: M = mean Σ = sum of or add up
X = values N = number of values
Then, the writer could get the data of the respondents’ opinion and mean. The data would be presented in the form of the following table:
Central Tendency No Respondent’s opinion on
N M PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
F. Research Procedures
There were some procedures that had been taken in this research. The procedures were adapted from R D cycle.
1. Research and information collecting. The writer read some books and references to gain knowledge related to
this study. The writer also used internet for finding information about this study. The writer conducted interviews to some eighth grade students and
English teachers to get the students’ needs. 2. Planning.
The writer stated the topics and the objectives of the English instructional materials.
3. Developing preliminary form of a product. The writer designed a set of instructional materials based on the result of
the interview with the students and teachers. 4. Preliminary field testing.
After the design was ready, the writer presented the materials to some English teachers and English lecturers and distributed evaluation questionnaire to
them. 5. Main product revision.
Using the data of evaluation questionnaire, the writer revised and improved the design materials. Finally, the writer was able to present the final
version of materials for the eighth grade students in a self-development activity. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
45
CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The writer divides this chapter into four parts. The first part presents the elaboration of steps in designing a set of English instructional materials using
task-based learning for the eighth grade students of junior high school in a self development activity. The second part presents the findings of the evaluation on
the designed materials. The third part presents the discussion of the results of the analysis and evaluations. The fourth part presents the final version of the designed
materials.
A. The Elaboration of Steps in Designing a Set of English Instructional
Materials Using Task-Based Learning for the Eighth Grade Students of Junior High School in a Self Development Activity
In designing the materials, the writer took nine steps. They were 1 conducting needs survey, 2 determining goals, listing topics, and stating general
purposes for each topic, 3 specifying learning objectives, 4 listing subject content, 5 selecting teaching-learning activities, 6 preparing lesson plans, 7
designing the materials, 8 evaluating the materials, and 9 revising the materials.
Each step will be elaborated as follows:
1. Conducting Needs Survey
The writer identified the principles of a self development activity and the students’ needs according to the teachers’ understanding and opinions. The writer
