The changed characters may turn into better or worse characters. The change depends on the influences that interfere the characters of the literary works.
Forster 1974: 46-48 also divides characters into two types. He calls it flat and round characters. Flat characters do not change throughout the story.
There are two advantages of flat characters. First, flat characters are easily recognized by readers’ emotional eyes, not by the visual eyes. Second
advantage is that the flat characters are easily remembered by the readers because they remain in readers’ minds as unalterable for the reason they were
not changed by circumstances. They moved through circumstances. On the other hand, round characters are characters performed tragically
for any length of time and can move the readers to any feelings, except humour and appropriateness, because the characters develop through the story
Forster, 1974: 51. Abrams 1981: 20 says that a flat character is a character whose role
and action are not surprising as we see in the round character. His characteristic and attitude are flat and monotonous and they reflect only on
one character. In contrast, a round character is complex because the characteristic of the individual is expressed deeply and his life is focused
clearly by the author.
2. Theory of Characterization a. Meaning
The way an author conveys to the readers what sort of people he writes about and how he makes the readers get to know and understand them are the
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significant things in a novel. The way to create imaginary persons so that they exist for the readers as life like is called characterization Holman and
Harmon, 1986: 81. Characterization can be also defined as a method in which a character is created Gill, 1995: 127.
b. Ways to Characterize
According to Barnet, Breman, and Bruton 1988: 712, there are some ways to describe a character. The first way is what the character says. We can
notice from the words that the character says to know the character. From his words, we can also detect the way he thinks so that we can understand the
characteristics of the character. Whatever the character says will help the readers to interpret his character.
The second way is what the character does. The readers can learn the attitudes or behaviour of a character and may guess how actually the author
creates the character by analyzing what the character does. The third way is what other characters say about the character. A
character has an interaction with other characters in a story. Another character also has conversation with other characters at times. They share their opinions
and give comments about the character. The opinions and comments may reflect the characteristic of the character.
The last way is what other characters do. The other characters may cause the character to do something that makes the character show his
characteristics. The participation of other characters may help the readers to understand what kind the character he is.
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