Western Christian priest is someone coming from the West who is authorized to perform sacred rites of Christian, becoming agent between human and God.
3. Traditional Chinese Enoch Wan 1991 in his article, Christianity in the Eye of Traditional
Chinese , defines traditional Chinese as non-Christian Chinese with strong
Chinese cultural orientation and ethnic pride. 4. Personality
Personality is defined as a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognitions,
motivations, and behaviours in various situations Ryckman, 2004: 13. 5. Personality Development
According to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 2001: 370, development means the gradual growth of something. Here, it refers to one of
the main character’s personality development. Personality development is defined as a stage in growth of a constantly changing and evoking process
within an individual Hurlock, 1976: 7. In this study, the influence of a Western Christian priest to a traditional
Chinese woman’s personality development means the result of the effect of a Christian priest coming from the West to the characteristic development of a non-
Christian Chinese woman with strong Chinese cultural orientation and ethnic pride. The result may be the changes in behaviours, attitudes, and way of thinking.
6 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of four sections. They are review of related theories, review of traditional Chinese culture, criticism and review of related studies, and
theoretical framework. The review of related theories covers theory of character, theory of characterization, theory of critical approach, theory of psychology, and
theory of personality and personality development. Review of traditional Chinese culture discusses about male and female position in the society, marriage, family,
and concubine. Criticism and review of related studies contains some critics or opinions about the novel and the author, as well as some studies that had been
done related to the same novel. And the last, theoretical framework will discuss about the resume of the theories related to the literary works and also the theory
that will be used in analyzing the novel.
A. Review of Related Theories
This part discusses the theoretical grounds underlying the study. It consists of the theories of literature, namely theory of character, theory of characterization,
theory of critical approach, theory of personality and personality development, and Review of Traditional Chinese culture.
1. Theory of Character a. Meaning
In a novel, the author is free to create and present hisher fictional characters, whatever they look like, their personalities, and what problem they
7 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
might face. Characters are very important in literary works. Laar and Schoonderwoerd 1963: 166 say that characters in a novel should be
interesting and they should do interesting things. Without characters, the story will not develop. According to Abrams 1993: 22, characters are “the persons
presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities that are
expressed in what they say–the dialogue–and by what they do–the action.” There is a relationship between the presentation of a character as well as
hisher personal traits and what the readers get from hisher presentation. The characters in a novel are, or pretend to be, human beings Forster, 1974: 30. It
means that the readers must accept the characters as real people.
b. Types of Character
According to Perrine 1974: 71, characters are classified into two types, static and dynamic characters. A static character means that the
character does not undergo a change and will have the same characteristics at the end of the story as he was at the beginning. Although he faces many
problems in his life, static character will not come to the development of the character. On the other hand, a dynamic character can change in the story and
there is a development of the character. A dynamic character is also called a developing character. The
character will change in certain conditions and it can be developed under some possibilities. The character may change in his personality or in his outlook.
8 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
