10 state that “psychoanalysis thus emphasizes the interpretation of fantasies and
dream as avenues for deeper understanding of the unconscious underlying behavior” p.33.
Besides, Kennedy and Gioia 2002 state a psychological approach employs three methods. First method investigates the creative process of the arts.
The second method involves a psychological study of a particular artist. The last method is the most common approach that usually used to analyze fictional
characters p.641. In order to answer the research questions, the writer uses the third method of the psychological approach to analyze the main characters and the
conflicts faced by them, and the problem resolution.
2. Theory of Character and Characterization
As one of the literary works, novel sustains the exploration of the character. Therefore, in the novel, a character is the essential part since the author
conveys the messages of the story through the character. Thus, an author needs to comprehend the theory of the character and characterization to help hisher create
the characters that have such a real personality. Forster 1974 agrees that “a character in a book is real; it is when the novelist knows everything about it”
p.44. Thus, characters are fictional people that are created by the author. It means that characters are made based on the author’s imagination. It is supported
by Gill 1995 who states that characters are literary works which are the products of characterization p.127. They are made in a particular way. Hence, how
characters are like because of the way they have been made.
11 Furthermore, a character and its identity are two things that cannot be
separated. In other words, a character is identically related to its identity since the identity is possessed by the character. Gill 1995 defines a character as a person
in a literary work that has sort of identities which are made up by the appearance, the conversation, the action, the name, and their thoughts p.127. The same as
Gill, Abrams 2009 also argues characters as follows Characters are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work,
who are interpreted by the reader as possessing particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the persons
say and their distinctive ways of saying it—the dialogue—and from what they do—the action. The grounds in the characters’ temperament, desires,
and moral nature for their speech and actions are called their motivation p. 42.
Moreover, it is not only a character that necessarily needs to be comprehended but also the way an author creates the characters. The ways or
methods an author create the characters is called characterization Gill, 1995, p. 127. Therefore, the kinds of characters and the ways an author present the
characters are belonged to the characterization. Moreover, as literary creation, they are a lot of types of the characters.
Forster 1974, in his book Aspects of the Novel, categorizes characters into two types based on how the characters are described. These characters are the flat and
round characters. Forster defines flat character also called as types and sometimes caricatures as the character that is built round “a single idea or
quality”. In other words, a flat character has few characteristics that can be presented only by a phrase or sentence. The advantages of flat character are it is
