CODE MIXING IN HOT 20 COUNTDOWN OF PRAMBORS RADIO PROGRAM.

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CODE MIXING IN HOT 20 COUNTDOWN

OF PRAMBORS RADIO PROGRAM

A THESIS

Submitted to the English Department of State University of Medan in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

The Degree of Sarjana Sastra

By:

DWI ASTARINI

Register Number 2102220017

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN 2015

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praise to ALLAH SWT. Thankful to God for blessings, mercy, guidance, strength, and help which have been given to her so she can finish this Thesis well.

This Thesis was written in order to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Department of Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.

In the completion of this Thesis, the writer was greatly indebted to many people which without their help she will not be able to complete this Thesis properly. Therefore, on this occasion the writer would like to express her gratitude and appreciation to:

 Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si, the Rector of State University of

Medan.

 Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum, the Dean of Faculty of Languages and

Arts, State University of Medan.

 Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd, the Head of English Department.  Dra. Meisuri, MA, as the Secretary of English Department.

 Dr. Rahmah, M.Hum, the Head of English Literature and as her

Examiner.

 Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed, the Head of Educational English

Program and as her Examiner.

 Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani, her Thesis Advisor.  Drs. Bachtiar, M.Pd, the Examiner.

 All Lecturers of English Department.

 The best family of the author, the truly inspiring number one man, her Dad, H. Sugianto, SE, her Beloved Mom, Hj. Lindawati Sembiring,

S.Kep, her Brother Aji Irawan, and her Sister Yulita Putri.

 The writer’s best colleges : Indah Julia Fitri, Siti Huzaifah Tanjung,

Nursani Oktora, Okky Agastya, Wulandari Sumapawiro and Ita Sartika,

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 All of the writer’s friends in Applied Linguistics A and B 2010.

 Maam Euis, Mr. Kurnia Hendra Putra, S.E, M,Si, Pak Pantes for

helping the writer in preparing the files for the purposes of this thesis. The writer recognize there are many flaws in this thesis. So, please suggestions and constructive criticism to repair this thesis in the future.

Finally, hopefully this thesis is useful for those who read

Medan, Januari 2015 The Writer,

Dwi Astarini Reg.No : 2102220017

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ABSTRACT

Astarini, Dwi, 2014, Code Mixing in Hot 20 Countdown of Prambors Radio Program. A Thesis, Faculty of Language and Arts , State University of Medan.

Code Mixing is the mixing from a language into the structure of other languages in same utterance. The study deals with the Code Mixing in Hot 20 Countdown of Prambors Radio Program. But, in order to find the similarities and differences between the use of code mixing in a different topic, the writer choose one of the program which has different topic, namely Selamat Pagi of Prambors Radio Program. The objective of the study for identifying the type of Code Mixing in Hot 20 Countdown and SelamatPagi used by the broadcasters. This research used descriptive qualitative design. The data consist of two editions of each program on Juli 2014 which are analyzed in this study. The findings shows that there are 65,22% insertion, 32,62 alternation, and 2,17 lexicalization of code mixing used in Hot 20 Countdown, while in Selamat Pagi Program there are 77,27% insertion, 18,18% alternation, and 4,55% lexicalization. The most dominant types of code mixing used is insertion because there are so many terminology from the second language that used and put in the middle of broadcasters utterances in delivered information, so that they combine their speech using bilingualism.

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Page

ABSTRACT ... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... iv

LIST OF TABLES ... vi

LIST OF APPENDICES ... vii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ... 1

B.Problems of the Study ... 5

C. Objectives of the Study ... 5

D.The Scope of the Study ... 5

E. Significances of the Study ... 5

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE A.Code Mixing and Its Related fields ... 7

B. The Nature of Code Mixing ... 8

C.Types of Code Mixing ... 10

D.Factor of Using Code Mixing ... 12

E. Functions of Code Mixing ... 16

F. Hot 20 Countdown of Prambors Radio Program ... 18

G.The Nature of Hot 20 Countdown ... 18

H.Code Mixing in Hot 20 Countdown ... 19

I. Conceptual Framework ... 20

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Research Design… ... 21

B. Data ... 21

C.The Source of Data ... 22

D. Technique for Collecting Data ... 22

E. Technique of Anaylzing Data ... 22

CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS A. The Data Analysis… ... 23

B.Types of Code Mixing in Prambors Radio Program ... 23

1. Code Mixing in Hot 20 Countdown ... 23

a. Insertion Code Mixing in Hot 20 Countdown ... 25

b. Alternation Code Mixing in Hot 20 Countdown ... 26

c. Congruent Lexicalization in Hot 20 Countdown ... 27

2. Code Mixing in Selamat Pagi Program ... 27

a. Insertion Code Mixing in Selamat Pagi ... 28

b. Alternation Code Mixing in Selamat Pagi ... 28

c. Congruent Lexicalization in Selamat Pagi ... 29 C.The Percentage of Types Code Mixing in Hot 20 Countdown

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And Selamat Pagi Program ... 29

D.Context of Code Mixing in Prambors Radio Program ... 30

1.Context of Code Mixing in Hot 20 Countdown ... 31

2. Context of Code Mixing in Selamat Pagi ... 34

E. The Percentage of Context Code Mixing in Hot 20 Countdown And Selamat Pagi Program ... 36

F. Research Findings ... 38

G.Discussion ... 38

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusions… ... 40

B.Suggestions ... 41

REFERENCES ... 42

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LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 4.1 The Percentage of Types Code Mixing in Hot 20 Countdown

And Selamat Pagi ... 27 Table 4.2 The Percentage of Context Code Mixing in Hot 20 Countdown ... 34 Table 4.3 The Percentage of Context Code Mixing in Selamat Pagi ... 34

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Page

Appendix 1 Data of Informants ... 40 Appendix 2 Data Transcribing of Recording ... 41

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.Background Of Study

Language as an important part in our daily activity by language people can communicate with other people without misunderstanding. Kridalaksana (1981:17) says that language is a system of symbols that from as arbitrary sounds which uses by the mebers of the community to work with others, to communicate and to identify themselves. Communication is social interaction where at least two interacting agents share a common set of signs and common sense of semiotic rules. People the entire world and different ethnic have their own bilingualism or event multilingualism when these people have their own communication tool. Some people are bilingualism or event multilingualism when these people met another people from different ethnic or language, they might be not use their mother tongue to communicate each other. In other cases, we often see there are people directly change the language they are conversing to another language when someone else ask them about something, they usually switch their language or mix their language.

The diversity of languages sometimes makes some people use languages mixing between regions with Indonesian language, for example mixing between the Indonesian language with an English language. Sudaryat (2008:21) says that mixing languages is called the language mixing. This phenomena is known as language variation or code. Code is a term for any language and there are two kinds of code, code mixing and code switching. Code switching is a situation

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when the speaker switched from one language into another language supporting a distinctive function. While code mixing is when the utterance either phrase, words, or clause consist does not support a distinctive function. It means that code mixing occurs when speaker uses a certain language in this communication; however he/she inserts some pieces of another language.

The phenomena of language mix is one of the effect of globalization , that force people in entire world to know at least two languages. And since English language become an international language, so people should master this language to follow the development of world. So, there are many people who become multilingualism or bilingualism.

Spolsky (1988:45) defines the bilingual is a person who has some functional ability in second language. In bilingual communication, two or more languages are often use along together. Sometimes they mixed the two languages or more and sometime they switch the languages. And it is usually called as code mixing and code switching. There are many factors that influencing people to be a bilingualism. Tripp ( 1992), mention that there are four main factors on code choice (a) the setting (time and place) and situation, (b) the participant in interaction; their sex, age, occupation, socioeconomic status, origin, ethnicity, and their roles in relation to one another such as employer employee and lecture student, (c) the topic.

Kachru (1978;28S), says that code mixing is the use of two language into another language consistently. From the journal of Judy Woon Yee Hoo, which

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(Myers Scotton1993a; Boeschoten, 1998; Azuma, 19) said that code mixing is the change of one language to another within the same utterance or in the same oral/written text. It is a common phenomenon in societies in which two or more languages are used.

In conclusion, code mixing is a mixture of word, phrase, clause, or sentence of several languages. It means that code mixing occurs when a speaker uses a certain language in this communication: however, he/she inserts some pieces of another language. Code mixing usually find in informal conversation or situation.

This subject of this thesis is one of Sociolinguistic’sfield. Holmes(

1992;1), states that Sociolinguistics is the study of relationship between language

and society .Code mixing is one of kind language varieties. Actually there is another phenomena of code in linguistics, that is called code switching. Siregar

(2002;12), says that Code Switching is a change by a speaker from one language

to another language. And people said that this two phenomena happen because to increase the social status of people. But, in this research the writer focus about code mixing.

This phenomenal of code mixing we can found in media as novel, magazine, newspaper, movie, radio broadcast, and others are written of spoken which uses bilingual language. But for this research, radio broadcast has been choosed as an object of my thesis. As has been stated above, that code mixing usually use in informal situation so I choose radio broadcast as my object for further research.

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This research is inspired by the previous researcher ‘ Kia’ with his journal‘ Code mixing of English In the Entertainment News of Chinese Newspaper in Malaysia (2011) ; the results of his journal is 281 various English words were mixed into the sentences in Chinese. The most commonly used parts ofspeech in the sentences are 99 common nouns, followed by 72 proper nouns, 47 adjectives, 38 verbs, and 19abbreviations.

In order to find the use of code mixing, the writer is interested to find code mixing in radio program, and the radio that has been choosed is Prambors Radio Program. Prambors FM is one of famous radio in Indonesia. Prambors FM is a commercial radio network based in Jakarta, Indonesia. Launched on March 18, 1971 in Jakarta, the purpose of station was to play pop music with targeted is teenagers. Prambors Fm have many famous programs but for the object , Hot 20 Countdown and Selamat Pagi are choosed to be analyzed in order to find code mixing that used by the broadcasters, the writer interested to try to find the use of code mixing in different topic so, Hot 20 Countdown and Selamat Pagi will be choosed as the object of the research. Hot 20 Countdown has a different topic with Selamat Pagi, hot countdown is a program that inform the listener about the level of the song that has been choosed by the listeners, while Selamat Pagi is a program which always share to the listeners about the hot phenomena.

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B. The Problems of Study

The problem of the study is formulated as following:

1. What types of code mixing are found in topic of Hot 20 Countdown of Prambors Radio Program ?

2. In what context are the code mixing identified take place ?

C.The Objectives of Study

In relating to the problems, the objectives of study are:

1. To find out what kinds of code mixing are found in different topic of Hot 20 countdown.

2. To find out in what contexts the code mixing take place.

D.The Scope of Study

Code-mixing become phenomena of language because of its can application among social interaction in bilingual communication. It can be found in spoken communication and in written communication. One of broadcasting media is chosen as the object of this study. In this case the scope of study is limited in finding the code mixing in Hot 20 Countdown Program.

E.The Significances of the Study

The research finding are expected to be useful both in theoretically and practically.

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Theoretically, it can be used in expanding the reader’s knowledge about the code mixing in other setting communities, especially in other varieties shows and also can used as a further reference.

Practically, it can be used as an additional matter and as a material for further research. it is expected that the readers will be inspired to make a difference in the present in order to use code mixing effectively and use a good Indonesian. This study will hopefully contribute something useful to readers who want to understand and appreciate code mixing in broadcasting media.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION

A.Conclusions

After collecting and analyzing the data, some conclusions were given below:

1. All types of code mixing used in Hot 20 Countdown, namely: insertation, alternation, and congruent lexicalization. It consists of 30 utterances (65,22%) insertion of code mixing, 15 utterances (32,61%) alternation of code mixing, and 1 utterance ( 2,17%) lexicalization of code mixing.

2. All types of Code Mixing also used in Selamat Pagi which has different topic with Hot 20 Countdown, they are: 17 utterances (77,27%) of insertion, 4 utterances (18,18%) of alternation, 1 utterance (4,55%) of congruent lexicalization.

3. Insertion was the most dominant used in different topic in Hot 2o Countdown and Selamat Pagi Program, because the broadcaster just use code mixing in a few of conversation. The broadcasters just mix a few insertion of other language.

4. Code mixing was dominantly used in a topic that still have a relation with an English language. Code mixing mostly found in Hot 20 Countdown because Hot 20 Countdown talks about the level of the world song. While Selamat Pagi mostly talks a topic that happening in Indonesia. They often talks about this country, so it just found less code mixing in that topic.

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B.Suggestions

Having conducted a research about an analysis of violation maxim, it is useful to consider the following suggestions:

1. Understanding of the code mixing would help people when conducted a conversation whether as speaker or hearer. To everyone who are talking or speaking especially in a formal situation should give complete, clear, true and orderly information.

2. It is suggested that the speakers should be concerned about the use of code mixing which is used in presenting their utterance so that although the study used a mixed language, but the purpose is still understood by the viewers or listeners.

3. The finding of this research can be used as a reference to give better understanding for the future researcher, provide additional information and coparison of references that might be relevant to the study.

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REFERENCES

Anindya, Dias, Cakrawati, 2011, Analysis of Code Switching and Code Mixing in

the Teenlit Canting Cantiq, Faculty of Humanities, Thesis, Diponegoro,

University, Semarang

Anthony, Richard, Hudson, 1987, Sociolinguistics, New York : Cambridge

Cheng,Xiongyong,2011,Code-Mixing of 31English in the Entertainment News of Chinese Newspapers in Malaysia.Malaysia : University of Malaya.

Daulay, Wardah. A.M. 2012. An Analysis of Code Mixing Used the Host of Talk

Show Program Bukan Empat Mata Tukul Arwana. Unpublised Thesis.

Medan: English Department. State University of Medan.

Hoffman, Charlotte, 1991, An Intorduction to Bilingualism,New York: Longmann Jendra,I.I,Made,2010,Sociolinguistic.Yogyakarta :GrahaIlmu

Ling, Piu, 2006, Code Switching and Code Mixing, Munich: GRIN Publishing Lucas , Ceil,2001,The Sociolinguistics of Sign Languages. UK : University

Press,Cambridge.

Marjohan,Asril,1988.An Introduction to Sociolinguistic.Jakarta

:DepartemenPendidikandanKebudayaan.

M.O,Ayeomoni,2006,Code-Mixing Style of Language Use in Childhood ina Yoruba .Journal of African Studies . 90-99

Muysken, Pieter, 2000, Bilingual Speech A Typology of Code Mixing, Cambridge: University Press.

Trudgil, Peter, 1983, Sociolinguistic : An Introduction to Linguistic and Society, Penguin Books

Umar,Azhar,2011.Sosiolinguistik.Medan :PerdanaMulyaSarana

Wardhough, Ronal.1986.An Introduction to Sociolinguistic.England: New York Wardaugh,Ronal. 1998. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic. Third

Edition.Massachussetts: Blackwell Publisher Inc.

Woon , Judy . 2003 . Code Mixing Linguistic Form and Socio-Cultural Meaning .

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/code-mixing retrieved in 6 March 2014

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B. The Problems of Study

The problem of the study is formulated as following:

1. What types of code mixing are found in topic of Hot 20 Countdown of Prambors Radio Program ?

2. In what context are the code mixing identified take place ?

C.The Objectives of Study

In relating to the problems, the objectives of study are:

1. To find out what kinds of code mixing are found in different topic of Hot 20 countdown.

2. To find out in what contexts the code mixing take place.

D.The Scope of Study

E.The Significances of the Study

The research finding are expected to be useful both in theoretically and practically.

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Theoretically, it can be used in expanding the reader’s knowledge about the code mixing in other setting communities, especially in other varieties shows and also can used as a further reference.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION

A.Conclusions

After collecting and analyzing the data, some conclusions were given below:

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B.Suggestions

Having conducted a research about an analysis of violation maxim, it is useful to consider the following suggestions:

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REFERENCES

Anindya, Dias, Cakrawati, 2011, Analysis of Code Switching and Code Mixing in the Teenlit Canting Cantiq, Faculty of Humanities, Thesis, Diponegoro, University, Semarang

Anthony, Richard, Hudson, 1987, Sociolinguistics, New York : Cambridge

Cheng,Xiongyong,2011,Code-Mixing of 31English in the Entertainment News of Chinese Newspapers in Malaysia.Malaysia : University of Malaya.

Daulay, Wardah. A.M. 2012. An Analysis of Code Mixing Used the Host of Talk Show Program Bukan Empat Mata Tukul Arwana. Unpublised Thesis. Medan: English Department. State University of Medan.

Hoffman, Charlotte, 1991, An Intorduction to Bilingualism,New York: Longmann Jendra,I.I,Made,2010,Sociolinguistic.Yogyakarta :GrahaIlmu

Ling, Piu, 2006, Code Switching and Code Mixing, Munich: GRIN Publishing Lucas , Ceil,2001,The Sociolinguistics of Sign Languages. UK : University

Press,Cambridge.

Marjohan,Asril,1988.An Introduction to Sociolinguistic.Jakarta :DepartemenPendidikandanKebudayaan.

M.O,Ayeomoni,2006,Code-Mixing Style of Language Use in Childhood ina Yoruba

.Journal of African Studies . 90-99

Muysken, Pieter, 2000, Bilingual Speech A Typology of Code Mixing, Cambridge: University Press.

Trudgil, Peter, 1983, Sociolinguistic : An Introduction to Linguistic and Society, Penguin Books

Umar,Azhar,2011.Sosiolinguistik.Medan :PerdanaMulyaSarana

Wardhough, Ronal.1986.An Introduction to Sociolinguistic.England: New York Wardaugh,Ronal. 1998. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic. Third

Edition.Massachussetts: Blackwell Publisher Inc.

Woon , Judy . 2003 . Code Mixing Linguistic Form and Socio-Cultural Meaning . Journal of Society and Culture

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/code-mixing retrieved in 6 March 2014 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com retrieved in 10 August 2014

CODE MIXING IN HOT 20 COUNTDOWN OF PRAMBORS RADIO PROGRAM.