2.1.1 The Definition of Discourse Analysis
Many linguists and scholars have proved that there is another unit of language that is more complete and larger than sentences. They admit it as the
higher level of unit of language, which is known as Discourse. In short, discourse is the larger linguistic unit which has meaning. Linguists have defined discourse
analysis in various ways. -Stubbs 1983:10 says “Discourse analysis consist of attempts to study the
organization of language above the sentence or above the clause and therefore to study larger units, such as conversational exchanges or written text.
-Mc Carthy 1991:12 says “Discourse analysis is not only concerned with the description and analysis of spoken interaction. In addition to all our verbal
encounters we daily consume hundreds of written and printed words. -Hartmann and Stork 1972:69 say” Discourse is a text which forms fairly
complete unit. It is usually restricted to the successive utterances of single speaker conveying a message.
From the above definitions, we can understand that discourse has several important elements, they are:
1 The unity of language
2 The most complete the largest the highest language above the sentence or
the clause 3
Tied well sense of coherencecohesive of language 4
Continuous writtenspoken text 5
A complete beginning and ending of text.
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2.1.2 The Function of Discourse Analysis
Discourse is the larger unit of language . as we know that language holds a very important role in human’s life because language is primarily an instrument of
communication among human beings in community. Lyons, 1981:4 “Language is the institution whereby humans communicate and interact
with each other by means or habitually used oral, auditory arbitrary symbols” It means that human communicate and interact each others by using
language. It is important to gets the information details correctly from what we have heard or read. That is why the speaker or writer should make what he says
or writes clear. Discourse is an appropriate unit for this purpose. As the larger unit of language, discourse has the main function like the
function of language that is transmit the information in social communication and its structure and also will qualify us to produce a well-performed discourse.
So, it can concluded that the function of discourse can be defined as to organize larger idea of the writer or speaker. The other function is to arrange the idea into
coherent state in order to make the recipients will easily comprehend the writes or speakers as a consequence the goal of language will be obtained.
2.1.3 Systemic Functional Linguistics SFL
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