13 and experiences 83. This theory of character will help this study to determine the
main character of the novel. it also facilitated the study to analyze the object of this thesis deeper.
b. Theory of Characterization
In order to know and reveals personality and attitude of the character, there are several ways must be followed. According to M.J. Murphy method which is
used to know character in the novel is through several ways, they are personal description, character as seen by another, speech, past life, conversation of others,
reaction, direct comment, thoughts, and mannerism 161-173. Personal description means that “the author can describe a person’s appearance and clothes.
The author is able to give physical details related to skin, face and body in order to help the reader illustrate and imagine the character” 161. Second is character as
seen by another. “The author can describe the character through the eyes and opinions of another” 162-163. Readers will be facilitated to understand the
character by knowing other character said. Third is through what that person says. ”
It means that “the author can give us an insight into the character of the person in the book. Whenever he or she is in conversation with another, whenever he puts
forward an opinion, he is giving some clue to his character” 163-166. Fourth is about telling the past life. “By letting the reader learn something
about a person’s past life the author can give us a clue to events that have helped to shape a person’s characters. This can be direct comment by the author, through
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
14 person thoughts, through his conversation or through the medium of another
person” 166.
Fifth is conversation of others. “People do talk about other people and the things they say often give as a clue to the character of the person spoken about. By
acquiring other people conversation, readers are capable of illustrating the character in the novel. Therefore, the author can also give us clues to person’s
character through conversation of others people and the thing they say about himher” 167. Sixth is reaction. “Clues given by the author by letting us know
that person reacts to various situations and events reaction. Through character’s reaction, the author can imply many things to the reader concern on the
character’s personality” 168. Seventh is direct comment. “The author can describe or comment on a person’s character directly. The author can give us
direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about thoughts. In this respect he is able to do what we cannot do in real life. He can tell us what different people
are thinking” 170. Eight is thought. “The author can give us direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about. The reader then is in a privileged position, he has
as it were, a secret listening device plugged in to the inmost thoughts of a person in a novel” 171.
Last is through mannerism. “The author can describe a person’s mannerism, habits or idiosyncrasies which may also tell us something about
hisher character” 173. This study uses this theory to find out how Veronika’s character is depicted in the novel as the main character of the novel.
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3. Theory of Psychology a. Social Learning Theory
