41
y1 : Post-test 1
P : Percentage of Students’ Improvement
y : Pre- test Result y2 : Post-test 2
H. The Trustworthiness of Study
To get the valid data the writer uses triangulation technique. As Anne Burns said in her book that triangulation is one of the most commonly used
and best known ways of checking for validity. The aim of triangulation technique is to gather multiple perspectives on the situation being studied.
9
Besides, Anne Burns also added the definition of triangulation in her book from other experts, such as: R.B. Burns 1994:272 states that triangulation is
a way of arguing that “if different methods of investigation produce the same result then the data are likely to be valid”. Silverman 1993:156 defines
triangulation as:
Comparing different kinds of data e.g. quantitative and qualitative and different methods e.g. observation and interviews to see whether
they corroborate one another.... This form of comparison, called triangulation, derives from navigation, where different bearings give
the correct position of an object.” Besides, the writer also examines the tests which are used as the
instrument of the study to get its validity. To analyze the examined test items, the writer implements the trustworthiness of the test. It is used as the evidence
of the truth of this research.
9
Anne Burns, Collaborative Action Research for English Language Teachers, New York: Cambridge University press, 1999, p.163
y2 - y P =
─── X 100 y
41
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Description of Data
1. Findings of Preliminary Study
a. The result of Interview
Pre interview of this research was held on Wednesday, November 10
th
2010 started at 08.00 A.M. until 08.45 A.M. during interview, the writer asked some question to the teacher.
The questions are about the general condition in teaching learning process of English material especially in writing subject, and then
the writer asked about the difficulties faced by the students in writing, and then about their participation, and the strategy that
used by the teacher in writing descriptive text. Furthermore, the writer asked about the clustering technique.
In general, teaching learning process was conducted as usual. In which there were pre activities like brainstorming, while
activities, and post activities. In writing subject, the teacher used some activities such as grouping and individual work.
The next question is about some difficulties faced by the students. The teacher gives some arguments, which are as it
knows that writing is one of difficult skill among other skills to be
Kategori