Dictatorship REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE

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2.2 Dictatorship

The word of Dictator comes from the Latin language is Dictare, which states as a command, a holder of absolute power in running the state government Encyclopedia of Indonesia, 1989: 822. According to Franz L. Neuman in the Journal of Political Science 1993: 39 dictator is government by a person or group of people who brag and monopolize power in the country and implement the rule without restriction. Understanding the dictator was also put forward by Jules Archer 1985: 19, the dictator is a ruler who seek and gain absolute power without regard to the real desires of the people. According to Carl J. Frederick and Z. Bigriewle Brezinksky the characteristics of the country’s Dictator in the Journal of Political Science 1993: 40, are as follows: 1 A comprehensive ideology that consists of teachings doctrine the official body that covers all aspects vital and on human life in society which must be carried out and adhered to by every member of the community. This ideology aimed at forming a new human plenary different with humans that now exists in society, 2 A mass party led by a man dictator with members consisting of a relatively small percentage of the population, which consisted of men and women in which devotes himself thoroughly to the ideology and willing to do any way in order to be accepted by the public or the party higher or fully organized along bureaucratic government, 3 A system of both psychological and physical terror carried out by the party and the special police surveillance directed against the enemy -musuh regime demonstrative and also to the segment of the population that does not menyetujuinya.Teror was either done 9 by secret police or by the party intended to oppress society systematically using modern science. In the Encyclophedia of Social Sciences 1968: 152 dictatorship refers to limited State domination by individual, group, or a small group. An example of the dictatorial period found in all times and all civilizations. Dictatorship signifies not only the principles that govern the political system but also the ideologies that underpin our way of life and the normative expression of political behavior. Some expressions have been used to characterize historical phenomenon: dictatorial tyranny, despotism, autocracy, Caesarisme, Fiihrerstaat, authoritarianism and totalitarianism. In spite of a constitutional dictatorship set to deal with an emergency Government, all forms of dictatorship in terms of sharing the following: a. the Exclusivity and arbitrariness in the exercise of power. Dictatorship is characterized by the absence of power-sharing, the Suppression of competing political groups, and social and legal institutions, the concentration of political power in the hands of a dictator or an autocratic governing group leaders elite, and exploiting a tool of autocratic ruler manipulation and guided to develop a monopoly of power. b. the removal or loosening of bonds juridical power politics. The constitutional State is removed, or a new or revolutionary cons law made, just as an instrument of power. Related to this aspect is the difficulty or impossibility to organize a succession of dictators lawfully. c. Removal or substantial restrictions on civil liberties. Instead of the voluntary cooperation of social and political autonomous groups and associations in the establishment of the Commonwealth, the emphasis is placed on the obligation of 10 citizens to do compulsory work or collective services. d. shape, especially aggressive impulsive decision making. Domestic and foreign policy followed by the dictator or the leading political elite often made impulsively and inspired by the dynamic political activism, often based on an ideological Messianism and aims to revamp or discipline of the society. e. work of the wrong political methods and social control. These methods range from intimidation to propaganda, from the imposition of the obligation of obedience to methods of terror. Franz Neumann1957says: By dictatorship, we understand the rule of a person or a group of persons who arrogate to themselves and monopolize power in the state, exercising it without restraint. 11 3.THE DESCRIPTION OF DICTATORSHIP CONDUCTED BY THE PARTY Winston Smith,a 39-year-old man,is a civil servant in the Department of Records under the Ministry of truth.Through out his life, Winston has been trying to be good citizens to obey with any rules and commands under the supervision and control out the strict party. Everyone should obey the rules of the party, even though it resides in the hearts and minds of the resistance as well as resistance against the dictatorship. .Winston still comes on every occasion to party. He yells with fist punching to the sky, condemning Goldstein who becomes a prominent opposition. He pretends to be excited for the praise from the Party and the Big Brother.

3.1 Big Brother’s Dictatorship