FAKTA PELAYANAN KEBIDANAN ANC DAN INC DI
FAKTA PELAYANAN KEBIDANAN
DI LUAR NEGERI
(ANC DAN INC)
Disusun untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah Konsep Kebidanan
Dosen Pembimbing: Yetti L. Irawan, M.Sc
Oleh :
Nela Rahmawati
NIM 1420332038
A. PELAYANAN ANTE NATAL CARE DAN INTRA NATAL CARE DI
BERBAGAI NEGARA
PROGRAM STUDI PASCASARJANA KEBIDANAN
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS PADANG
2014
1
1. Penelitian di Ghana, Kenya dan Malawi
Factors Affecting Antenatal Care Attendance: Results from
Qualitative Studies in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi
Christopher Pell mail, Arantza Meñaca, Florence Were dkk
Published: January 15, 2013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053747
Abstract
Antenatal care (ANC) is a key strategy to improve maternal and infant
health. However, survey data from sub-Saharan Africa indicate that
women often only initiate ANC after the first trimester and do not achieve
the recommended number of ANC visits. Drawing on qualitative data, this
article comparatively explores the factors that influence ANC attendance
across four sub-Saharan African sites in three countries (Ghana, Kenya
and Malawi) with varying levels of ANC attendance. Data were collected
as part of a programme of qualitative research investigating the social
and cultural context of malaria in pregnancy. A range of methods was
employed interviews, focus groups with diverse respondents and
observations in local communities and health facilities.
Across the sites, women attended ANC at least once. However, their
descriptions of ANC were often vague. General ideas about pregnancy
care – checking the foetus’ position or monitoring its progress – motivated
women to attend ANC; as did, especially in Kenya, obtaining the ANC card
to avoid reprimands from health workers. Women’s timing of ANC
initiation was influenced by reproductive concerns and pregnancy
uncertainties, particularly during the first trimester, and how ANC services
responded to this uncertainty; age, parity and the associated implications
for pregnancy disclosure; interactions with healthcare workers, particularly
messages about timing of ANC; and the cost of ANC, including charges
levied for ANC procedures – in spite of policies of free ANC – combined
with ideas about the compulsory nature of follow-up appointments. In
these socially and culturally diverse sites, the findings suggest that
‘supply’ side factors have an important influence on ANC attendance: the
design of ANC and particularly how ANC deals with the needs and
concerns of women during the first trimester has implications for timing
of initiation
Kesimpulan :
Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ibu hamil cenderung melakukan ANC
hanya pada trimester I saja. Faktor yang mempengaruhi ANC di negara
tersebut antara lain persepsi ibu tentang ANC (memeriksakan letak dan
posisi janin serta perkembangannya). Padahal tujuan dari ANC bukan
hanya itu, tetapi lebih luas lagi yaitu untuk mencegah timbulnya
2
permasalahan ataupun penyakit yang dapat memperberat kondisi ibu dan
janin sehingga ibu dapat melahirkan anak yang sehat dan ibu yang sehat
juga.
2. Nepal
Healthy Newborn Network
Nepal Midwife Wins Jhpiego's International Award for Outstanding
Contribution to Midwifery
Geeta Sharma
June 24, 2011
Partners: Jhpiego, Type: Newborn News,Topics: Childbirth Care, Human
Resources for Health, Countries: Nepal
Jhpiego presents the International Award for Outstanding Contribution to
Midwifery to Nepal's Maiya Manandhar, a role model for providing services
to women. "Maiya’s efforts to save women’s lives are significant. And her
work to demonstrate and share her life-saving skills is outstanding," said
one colleague. By Geeta Sharma
As a young girl in Kathmandu, Maiya
Manandhar helped care for her
mother during the birth of the
family’s ninth child. It wasn’t an easy
birth, and Maiya’s mother began to
bleed heavily once the baby was
born. The attention and care the
nurses at the local hospital gave her
mother impressed young Maiya so
much that she decided to follow in
their footsteps.
While in nursing school, Maiya
discovered her talent and passion for
midwifery.
The
experience
of
watching her mother endure the pain
and difficulty of multiple pregnancies
—usually alone—reinforced for Maiya
the importance of skilled birth
attendants (SBAs), and she pledged
to help and support women during
childbirth and in caring for their
newborns.
3
She began her career at the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital,
and today, 53-year-old Maiya is the hospital’s nursing supervisor and
senior hospital nursing administrator. In this role, Maiya became actively
involved in developing a birthing center at the hospital. Run by nurses in a
busy maternity ward, this birthing center provides focused,
comprehensive care to pregnant women so that when birth-related
complications and conditions arise they can be managed more effectively.
The birthing center provides care 24/7, 365 days a year, and serves more
than 600 to 700 women a month.
With the support of colleagues and doctors, the birthing center has:
improved case load management in the labor and delivery room; enabled
women to have a spouse or partner present during the birthing process—a
departure from routine labor ward practice in Nepal; given pre-service
education and in-service training participants more opportunities to
participate in normal deliveries; and increased nurses’ involvement in
labor and delivery decision-making.
Through her leadership, Maiya is a role model for nurse-midwives, says Dr.
Rajendra Bhadra, Jhpiego’s Nepal Country Director, who nominated Maiya
for the award. “Having the birthing center run by nurses within the facility
provides more concentrated and specialized services for complicated
cases. Normal cases are fully managed by nurses.”
Maiya also coordinates the training of SBAs. “There are many remote
areas where there is no one to be with pregnant women (like my mother)
to support them during delivery,” says Maiya, the mother of two grown
daughters. “The SBA I am contributing to and supporting in training might
be the one to be with women in remote areas who need SBA support—and
she might be saving a mother’s life.”
Maiya says many women arrive at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s
Hospital from their villages with complications of obstructed labor or
postpartum hemorrhage, and often they are too far along to benefit from
any help given at the hospital. She recalls a specific case in which a
woman died because her uterus ruptured during obstructed labor.
The pregnant woman had been kept in the local primary care center for
more than three days in this life-threatening condition.
“I always thought if a trained SBA was there to access the condition and
make a timely referral, this woman’s life could have been saved,” says
Maiya.
4
She has taught her trainees to pay close attention to symptoms that
appear to be out of the ordinary or abnormal and to act accordingly
because, she says, quick action can save a life.
Honored to receive Jhpiego’s midwifery award, Maiya says she intends to
use the prize money to support the recently formed Midwifery Society of
Nepal (MIDSON) where she serves as treasurer; help train nurses and
midwives working in birth centers in Nepal; pay for complementary
feeding for babies of HIV-positive women who do not want to breastfeed;
form a support group and provide counseling for mothers who have lost
children; and open a daycare center for children of staff working at the
hospital.
"Maiya’s efforts to save women’s lives are significant. And her work to
demonstrate and share her life-saving skills is outstanding," says Dr.
Bhadra.
© 2009 Save the Children. All rights Reserved.
Healthy Newborn Network is an initiative of Save the Children's Saving
Newborn Lives Program.
Kesimpulan:
AKI dan AKB yang tinggi membuat Maiya seorang bidan senior
memperjuangkan pelayanan ANC dan INC yang lebih baik untuk ibu hamil
dan bersalin di Nepal. Maiya menemukan bahwa banyak ibu hamil yang
tidak mendapatkan pelayanan ANC yang layak serta banyaknya kasus ibu
bersalin dengan komplikasi yang terlambat datang ke rumah sakit untuk
mendapatkan pertolongan. Uang yang diperolehnya dari penghargaan ini
didedikasikan untuk membiayai beberapa kegiatan melalui Midwifery
Society of Nepal (MIDSON) seperti pelatihan bidan dan perawat yang
bekerja di pelayanan kesehatan, penyelamatan bayi dari ibu penderita
HIV-positif melalui pemberian ASI pengganti, kegiatan konseling untukibuibu yang kehilangan bayi, dan penyediaan pelayanan baby daycare untuk
pegawai rumah sakit.
3. Jepang
The Pink Curtain Saturday, June 16, 2012
Midwife Model of Care: Saito Birth House
5
Mama holding her new
Special post-birth sashimi
baby
Immediate
PostPartum
Grandpa
holding baby
grandson
One hour after birth with Midwife Ryutaki and
the Thai Curry I made frantically for everyone
just one minute before the mom arrived.
Baby came 10 minutes after arrival.
Ma
ma
wit
h
her
2
girl
s,
bra
nd
new
bab
y
boy
,
and
spe
cial
sas
him
i
I was lucky enough to be part of this woman's life for a few
moments, and to catch her quickly-emerging baby. She did not tear, she
did not push, thanks to her hu-hu-hu breathing as she panted her baby
out. The midwives encircled her, 4 or 6 of them, puffing, chanting, hu-huhu, gently reminding her to breathe her baby down and out. It was pure
magic. To witness her efforts and the baby's spontaneous emergence. To
feel the seemingly enormous roundness of the baby's head against my
6
palms, to protect the mom as the shoulders emerged, to "catch" the soft,
wet bundle from her body and hand it to her- pure magic.
with mama and midwife Yoshimoto at
Saito Birth House- my first catch here
Japanese Birth Houses are different from American Birth Centers, in that
Moms and Babies stay for 4-5 days after birth. This allows the moms
(often having subsequent babies) a chance to rest, have the cooking done
for them, have breastfeeding support, and supportive people to hold the
baby when she needs sleep or a bath. It is a very cozy feeling. This
mama was surprised as she was the only Mama in the house for her stay.
Last time she birthed at Saito Birth House, there were many other mamas
to keep her company. She enjoyed the comraderie. She said having me,
kayti, around this time was special for her, and helped her feel she was
not lonely at all. I felt really blessed to have this woman be my first
mama to look after in Japan.
Her baby
great too.
was
pretty
Posted by Kayti B at 5:32 PM
Kesimpulan :
Bidan di jepang lebih menekankan pelayanan komunitas dan keluarga.
Ketika seorang ibu melahirkan, bidan akan berada di tengah-tengah
keluarga tersebut selama + 4-5 hari dan berinteraksi dengan anggota
keluarga lainnya. Hal ini akan menyebabkan ibu merasa aman dan
nyaman melalui masa nifasnya sampai ibu dan keluarga dapat mandiri
dan beradaptasi dengan baik dengan anggota keluarga yang baru.
DI LUAR NEGERI
(ANC DAN INC)
Disusun untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah Konsep Kebidanan
Dosen Pembimbing: Yetti L. Irawan, M.Sc
Oleh :
Nela Rahmawati
NIM 1420332038
A. PELAYANAN ANTE NATAL CARE DAN INTRA NATAL CARE DI
BERBAGAI NEGARA
PROGRAM STUDI PASCASARJANA KEBIDANAN
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS PADANG
2014
1
1. Penelitian di Ghana, Kenya dan Malawi
Factors Affecting Antenatal Care Attendance: Results from
Qualitative Studies in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi
Christopher Pell mail, Arantza Meñaca, Florence Were dkk
Published: January 15, 2013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053747
Abstract
Antenatal care (ANC) is a key strategy to improve maternal and infant
health. However, survey data from sub-Saharan Africa indicate that
women often only initiate ANC after the first trimester and do not achieve
the recommended number of ANC visits. Drawing on qualitative data, this
article comparatively explores the factors that influence ANC attendance
across four sub-Saharan African sites in three countries (Ghana, Kenya
and Malawi) with varying levels of ANC attendance. Data were collected
as part of a programme of qualitative research investigating the social
and cultural context of malaria in pregnancy. A range of methods was
employed interviews, focus groups with diverse respondents and
observations in local communities and health facilities.
Across the sites, women attended ANC at least once. However, their
descriptions of ANC were often vague. General ideas about pregnancy
care – checking the foetus’ position or monitoring its progress – motivated
women to attend ANC; as did, especially in Kenya, obtaining the ANC card
to avoid reprimands from health workers. Women’s timing of ANC
initiation was influenced by reproductive concerns and pregnancy
uncertainties, particularly during the first trimester, and how ANC services
responded to this uncertainty; age, parity and the associated implications
for pregnancy disclosure; interactions with healthcare workers, particularly
messages about timing of ANC; and the cost of ANC, including charges
levied for ANC procedures – in spite of policies of free ANC – combined
with ideas about the compulsory nature of follow-up appointments. In
these socially and culturally diverse sites, the findings suggest that
‘supply’ side factors have an important influence on ANC attendance: the
design of ANC and particularly how ANC deals with the needs and
concerns of women during the first trimester has implications for timing
of initiation
Kesimpulan :
Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ibu hamil cenderung melakukan ANC
hanya pada trimester I saja. Faktor yang mempengaruhi ANC di negara
tersebut antara lain persepsi ibu tentang ANC (memeriksakan letak dan
posisi janin serta perkembangannya). Padahal tujuan dari ANC bukan
hanya itu, tetapi lebih luas lagi yaitu untuk mencegah timbulnya
2
permasalahan ataupun penyakit yang dapat memperberat kondisi ibu dan
janin sehingga ibu dapat melahirkan anak yang sehat dan ibu yang sehat
juga.
2. Nepal
Healthy Newborn Network
Nepal Midwife Wins Jhpiego's International Award for Outstanding
Contribution to Midwifery
Geeta Sharma
June 24, 2011
Partners: Jhpiego, Type: Newborn News,Topics: Childbirth Care, Human
Resources for Health, Countries: Nepal
Jhpiego presents the International Award for Outstanding Contribution to
Midwifery to Nepal's Maiya Manandhar, a role model for providing services
to women. "Maiya’s efforts to save women’s lives are significant. And her
work to demonstrate and share her life-saving skills is outstanding," said
one colleague. By Geeta Sharma
As a young girl in Kathmandu, Maiya
Manandhar helped care for her
mother during the birth of the
family’s ninth child. It wasn’t an easy
birth, and Maiya’s mother began to
bleed heavily once the baby was
born. The attention and care the
nurses at the local hospital gave her
mother impressed young Maiya so
much that she decided to follow in
their footsteps.
While in nursing school, Maiya
discovered her talent and passion for
midwifery.
The
experience
of
watching her mother endure the pain
and difficulty of multiple pregnancies
—usually alone—reinforced for Maiya
the importance of skilled birth
attendants (SBAs), and she pledged
to help and support women during
childbirth and in caring for their
newborns.
3
She began her career at the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital,
and today, 53-year-old Maiya is the hospital’s nursing supervisor and
senior hospital nursing administrator. In this role, Maiya became actively
involved in developing a birthing center at the hospital. Run by nurses in a
busy maternity ward, this birthing center provides focused,
comprehensive care to pregnant women so that when birth-related
complications and conditions arise they can be managed more effectively.
The birthing center provides care 24/7, 365 days a year, and serves more
than 600 to 700 women a month.
With the support of colleagues and doctors, the birthing center has:
improved case load management in the labor and delivery room; enabled
women to have a spouse or partner present during the birthing process—a
departure from routine labor ward practice in Nepal; given pre-service
education and in-service training participants more opportunities to
participate in normal deliveries; and increased nurses’ involvement in
labor and delivery decision-making.
Through her leadership, Maiya is a role model for nurse-midwives, says Dr.
Rajendra Bhadra, Jhpiego’s Nepal Country Director, who nominated Maiya
for the award. “Having the birthing center run by nurses within the facility
provides more concentrated and specialized services for complicated
cases. Normal cases are fully managed by nurses.”
Maiya also coordinates the training of SBAs. “There are many remote
areas where there is no one to be with pregnant women (like my mother)
to support them during delivery,” says Maiya, the mother of two grown
daughters. “The SBA I am contributing to and supporting in training might
be the one to be with women in remote areas who need SBA support—and
she might be saving a mother’s life.”
Maiya says many women arrive at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s
Hospital from their villages with complications of obstructed labor or
postpartum hemorrhage, and often they are too far along to benefit from
any help given at the hospital. She recalls a specific case in which a
woman died because her uterus ruptured during obstructed labor.
The pregnant woman had been kept in the local primary care center for
more than three days in this life-threatening condition.
“I always thought if a trained SBA was there to access the condition and
make a timely referral, this woman’s life could have been saved,” says
Maiya.
4
She has taught her trainees to pay close attention to symptoms that
appear to be out of the ordinary or abnormal and to act accordingly
because, she says, quick action can save a life.
Honored to receive Jhpiego’s midwifery award, Maiya says she intends to
use the prize money to support the recently formed Midwifery Society of
Nepal (MIDSON) where she serves as treasurer; help train nurses and
midwives working in birth centers in Nepal; pay for complementary
feeding for babies of HIV-positive women who do not want to breastfeed;
form a support group and provide counseling for mothers who have lost
children; and open a daycare center for children of staff working at the
hospital.
"Maiya’s efforts to save women’s lives are significant. And her work to
demonstrate and share her life-saving skills is outstanding," says Dr.
Bhadra.
© 2009 Save the Children. All rights Reserved.
Healthy Newborn Network is an initiative of Save the Children's Saving
Newborn Lives Program.
Kesimpulan:
AKI dan AKB yang tinggi membuat Maiya seorang bidan senior
memperjuangkan pelayanan ANC dan INC yang lebih baik untuk ibu hamil
dan bersalin di Nepal. Maiya menemukan bahwa banyak ibu hamil yang
tidak mendapatkan pelayanan ANC yang layak serta banyaknya kasus ibu
bersalin dengan komplikasi yang terlambat datang ke rumah sakit untuk
mendapatkan pertolongan. Uang yang diperolehnya dari penghargaan ini
didedikasikan untuk membiayai beberapa kegiatan melalui Midwifery
Society of Nepal (MIDSON) seperti pelatihan bidan dan perawat yang
bekerja di pelayanan kesehatan, penyelamatan bayi dari ibu penderita
HIV-positif melalui pemberian ASI pengganti, kegiatan konseling untukibuibu yang kehilangan bayi, dan penyediaan pelayanan baby daycare untuk
pegawai rumah sakit.
3. Jepang
The Pink Curtain Saturday, June 16, 2012
Midwife Model of Care: Saito Birth House
5
Mama holding her new
Special post-birth sashimi
baby
Immediate
PostPartum
Grandpa
holding baby
grandson
One hour after birth with Midwife Ryutaki and
the Thai Curry I made frantically for everyone
just one minute before the mom arrived.
Baby came 10 minutes after arrival.
Ma
ma
wit
h
her
2
girl
s,
bra
nd
new
bab
y
boy
,
and
spe
cial
sas
him
i
I was lucky enough to be part of this woman's life for a few
moments, and to catch her quickly-emerging baby. She did not tear, she
did not push, thanks to her hu-hu-hu breathing as she panted her baby
out. The midwives encircled her, 4 or 6 of them, puffing, chanting, hu-huhu, gently reminding her to breathe her baby down and out. It was pure
magic. To witness her efforts and the baby's spontaneous emergence. To
feel the seemingly enormous roundness of the baby's head against my
6
palms, to protect the mom as the shoulders emerged, to "catch" the soft,
wet bundle from her body and hand it to her- pure magic.
with mama and midwife Yoshimoto at
Saito Birth House- my first catch here
Japanese Birth Houses are different from American Birth Centers, in that
Moms and Babies stay for 4-5 days after birth. This allows the moms
(often having subsequent babies) a chance to rest, have the cooking done
for them, have breastfeeding support, and supportive people to hold the
baby when she needs sleep or a bath. It is a very cozy feeling. This
mama was surprised as she was the only Mama in the house for her stay.
Last time she birthed at Saito Birth House, there were many other mamas
to keep her company. She enjoyed the comraderie. She said having me,
kayti, around this time was special for her, and helped her feel she was
not lonely at all. I felt really blessed to have this woman be my first
mama to look after in Japan.
Her baby
great too.
was
pretty
Posted by Kayti B at 5:32 PM
Kesimpulan :
Bidan di jepang lebih menekankan pelayanan komunitas dan keluarga.
Ketika seorang ibu melahirkan, bidan akan berada di tengah-tengah
keluarga tersebut selama + 4-5 hari dan berinteraksi dengan anggota
keluarga lainnya. Hal ini akan menyebabkan ibu merasa aman dan
nyaman melalui masa nifasnya sampai ibu dan keluarga dapat mandiri
dan beradaptasi dengan baik dengan anggota keluarga yang baru.