Pengaruh Stress Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. SMART Tbk

  SKRIPSI PENGARUH STRESS KERJA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN (Pada Perusahaan PT. SMART Tbk Sumatera Utara) OLEH

  INDRAWANSYAH MAULANA 080503147

PROGRAM STUDI STRATA 1 AKUNTANSI

DEPARTEMEN AKUNTANSI FAKULTAS EKONOMI UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN

  2012

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ABSTRAK

PENGARUH STRESS KERJA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA

TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA

  Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis apakah stress kerja dan motivasi kerja mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. SMART Tbk Sumatera Utara.

  Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian penjelasan ( eksplanatory ). Metode pengumpulan datanya adalah dengan mempergunakan kuesioner. Perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui serta menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh stress kerja dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT. SMART Tbk Sumatera Utara.

  Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa hasil uji F dengan nilai 18,99 menunjukkan bahwa variable yang terdiri dari stress kerja dan motivasi kerja dapat mengestimasi kinerja karyawan pada PT. SMART Tbk Sumatera Utara. Hasil uji signifikan t ( uji t ) menyatakan bahwa variabel stress kerja ( X1 ) dan motivasi kerja ( X2 ) mempunyai pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan ( Y ) pada PT. SMART Tbk Sumatera Utara. Berdasarkan pengujian bahwa hubungan antara stress kerja dan motivasi kerja mempunyai hubungan cukup erat. Dan tingkat kinerja karyawan dapat dijelaskan oleh motivasi kerja dan lingkungan kerja, sedangkan sisanya dapat dijelaskan oleh faktor-faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.

  Kata Kunci : Stress Kerja, Motivasi Kerja dan Kinerja Karyawan.

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  ABSTRACT

THE IMPACT OF JOB STRESS AND WORK MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE

PERFORMANCE AT PT. SMART Tbk NORTH SUMATERA

  

The research objective is to analyze whether the stress of work and work

motivation has an influence on the performance of employees at PT. SMART Tbk

North Sumatra.

  

The method of analysis used in this study is a research method explanations

(explanatory). Data collection method is by using questionnaires. The formulation of

the problem in this research is to investigate and analyze how the effect of work

stress and work motivation on employee performance in PT. SMART Tbk North

Sumatra.

  

The results of this study showed that the F test results indicate that the value 18.99

variable consisting of the stress of work and motivation can estimate the performance

of employees at PT. SMART Tbk North Sumatra. Significant assay results t (t test)

states that job stress variable (X1) and motivation (X2) has a positive and significant

influence on employee performance (Y) at PT. SMART Tbk North Sumatra. Based on

the testing that the relationship between job stress and work motivation has pretty

close ties. And the level of employee performance can be explained by the motivation

and work environment, while the rest can be explained by other factors not examined

in this study.

  Keywords: Job Stress, Work Motivation and Employee Performance

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KATA PENGANTAR

  Skripsi ini berjudul “Pengaruh Stress Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. SMART Tbk”. Penulis telah banyak menerima bimbingan, saran, motivasi dan doa dari berbagai pihak selama penulisan skripsi ini. oleh karena itu, pada kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan terimakasih kepada Allah SWT dan kepada kedua orang tua (Irhamsyah Zulkifli dan Nurce Pohan) beserta semua pihak yang telah memberikan bantuan dan bimbingan, yaitu kepada : 1.

  Bapak Drs. H. Arifin Lubis, MM, Ak selaku Plt. Dekan Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sumatera Utara.

  2. Bapak Dr. Syafruddin Ginting Sugihen, MAFIS, Ak selaku Ketua Departemen Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sumatera Utara dan Bapak Drs. Hotmal Ja’far, MM, Ak selaku Sekretaris Departemen Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sumatera Utara.

  3. Bapak Drs. Firman Syarif, MSi, Ak selaku Ketua Program Studi S1 Akuntansi dan Dra. Mutia Ismail, MM, Ak selaku Sekretaris Program Studi S1 Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sumatera Utara.

  4. Bapak Drs. Hotmal Ja’far, MM, Ak selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang telah membimbing dan memberikan arahan kepada penulis selama penulisan skripsi ini.

  5. Ibu Dra. Salbiah MSi, Ak selaku Pembaca dan Penilai skripsi.

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6. Terima kasih yang tidak pernah putus penulis ucapkan kepada abang (Ibrahim

  Syahputra ) dan seluruh keluarga yang telah banyak membantu dan telah menjadi motivasi kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini, semua Akuntansi angkatan 2008, dan orang-orang yang selalu berada dibelakang penulis yang membantu penulis menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

  Medan, Desember 2012 Penulis Indrawansyah Maulana 080503147

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  6 DAFTAR ISI Halaman PERNYATAAN ........................................................................................ .......... i

  2.2.2 Faktor Penyebab Stress Kerja ........................................................ 14

  3.1 Tempat dan Lokasi Penelitian ............................................................... 31

  BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN

  2.6 Hipotesis Penelitian .............................................................................. 30

  2.5 Kerangka Konseptual............................................................................. 29

  2.4 Penelitian Terdahulu .............................................................................. 28

  2.3.5 Teori-teori Motivasi ........................................................................ 24

  2.3.4 Proses Motivasi .............................................................................. 24

  2.3.3 Jenis-jenis Motivasi ........................................................................ 23

  2.3.2 Faktor-faktor Motivasi ................................................................... 21

  2.3.1 Pengertian Motivasi Kerja ............ .................................................. 19

  2.3 Motivasi Kerja ......... ............................................................................. 19

  2.2.3 Penanganan Stress Kerja ............................................................ .... 16

  2.2.1 Pengertian Stress Kerja ................................................................... 13

  ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... iii KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ iv DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... vi DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... viii DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... ix DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................... x BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN

  2.2 Stress Kerja ............................................................................................ 13

  2.1.5 Pelaku Penilaian Kinerja ................................................................. 12

  2.1.4 Manfaat Penilaian Kinerja ............................................................... 10

  2.1.3 Tujuan Penilaian Kinerja ................................................................. 9

  2.1.2 Penilaian Kinerja .......................... .................................................. 9

  2.1.1 Pengertian Kinerja Karyawan ........................................................ 8

  2.1 Kinerja Karyawan ................................................................................. 8

  BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

  1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ........................... ..................................................... 7

  1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ......................................... ......................................... 6

  1.2 Perumusan Masalah .............................................................................. 6

  1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ....................................................................... 1

  3.2 Jenis Penelitian ...................................................................................... 31

  3.3 Jadwal Penelitian ................................................................................... 32

  3.4 Variabel Penelitian dan Defenisi Variabel Penelitian ........................... 32

  3.4.1 Defenisi Variabel ............................................................................. 32

  3.5 Populasi dan Sample Penelitian ............................................................. 35

  3.7 Metode Pengumpulan Data.................................................................... 36

  3.8 Uji Validitas dan Reabilitas ................................................................... 37

  3.8.1 Uji Validitas ...................................................................................... 37

  3.8.2 Uji Reabilitas .................................................................................... 38

  3.9 Uji Asumsi Klasik ................................................................................. 38

  3.9.1 Uji Normalitas .................................................................................. 39

  3.9.2 Uji Multikoloneritas.......................................................................... 39

  3.9.3 Uji Heteroskedasitas ......................................................................... 40

  3.10 Pengujian Hipotesis ............................................................................. 41

  3.10.1 Uji F (F-test) ................................................................................... 41

  3.10.2 Uji T (T-test) ................................................................................... 41

  3.10.3 Uji Regresi Linier Berganda ........................................................... 42

  BAB 4 ANALISIS HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN

  4.1 Gambaran Umum PT. SMART Tbk ...................................................... 44

  4.2 Uji Validitas dan Reabilitas ................................................................... 45

  4.2.1 Uji Validitas ..................................................................................... 45

  4.2.2 Uji Reabilitas .................................................................................... 51

  4.3 Uji Asumsi Klasik ................................................................................. 53

  4.3.1 Uji Normalitas .................................................................................. 53

  4.3.2 Uji Multikolinearitas ........................................................................ 56

  4.3.3 Uji Heterokedasitas .......................................................................... 57

  4.4 Uji Hipotesis .......................................................................................... 58

  4.4.1 Uji F (F-test) ..................................................................................... 59

  4.4.2 Uji T (T-test) .................................................................................... 60

  4.4.3 Uji Regresi Linier Berganda ............................................................ 61

  4.5 Hasil Skala Likert .................................................................................. 64

  4.6 Pembahasan…… ................................................................................... 67

  BAB 5 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

  5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................ 69

  5.2 Keterbatasan Penelitian ......................................................................... 69

  5.3 Saran ...................................................................................................... 70

  DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 71 LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................................... 73

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar Judul Halaman

Gambar 4.1 Histogram ...................................................................................... 54Gambar 4.2 Grafik Normal P-Plot .................................................................... 55Gambar 4.3 Scatterplot ..................................................................................... 57

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel Judul Halaman

Tabel 2.1 Penelitian Terdahulu ...................................................................... 28Tabel 3.1 Rencana Jadwal Penelitian ............................................................ 32Tabel 3.2 Defenisi Operasional variabel ....................................................... 34Tabel 4.1 Uji Validitas Stress Kerja .............................................................. 46Tabel 4.2 Uji Validitas Stress Kerja 2 ........................................................... 47Tabel 4.3 Uji Validitas Motivasi Kerja ......................................................... 48Tabel 4.4 Uji Validitas Kinerja Karyawan ................................................... 49Tabel 4.5 Uji Validitas Kinerja Karyawan 2 ................................................. 50Tabel 4.6 Uji Validitas Kinerja Karyawan 3 ................................................. 51Tabel 4.7 Uji Reabilitas Stress Kerja ............................................................ 52Tabel 4.8 Uji Reabilitas Motivasi Kerja ....................................................... 52Tabel 4.9 Uji Reabilitas Kinerja Karyawan .................................................. 53Tabel 4.10 Uji Kolmogrov-smirnov ................................................................ 56Tabel 4.11 Uji Multikolinearitas ..................................................................... 57Tabel 4.12 Uji F (F-test).................................................................................. 59Tabel 4.13 Uji T (T-test) ................................................................................. 60Tabel 4.14 Uji Regresi Linier Berganda ......................................................... 62Tabel 4.15 Skala Likert Stress Kerja .............................................................. 64Tabel 4.16 Skala Likert Motivasi Kerja .......................................................... 65Tabel 4.17 Skala Likert Kinerja Karyawan..................................................... 66Tabel 4.18 Hasil Skala Likert ......................................................................... 67

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