Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kawasan Perbatasan (Studi Pnpm Mandiri Perdesaan Kecamatan Paloh Kabupaten Sambas).
ABSTRACT
Border line area of West Kalimantan spans around 847 km, covering five
Regencies and sixteen sub district. The conditions of population in the area is
marginal and its infrastructures are inadequate. As an anticipation, the
government implements a National Community Empowerment Program (PNPM).
In Paloh border it is revealed that the result is not as demanded and expected by
community. This research used a qualitative method approach, that was
conducted as an attempt to obtain deeper data on the researched phenomenon.
Therefore, it was needed a holistic approach, seeking to develop a relation with
the revealed study object.
Community was involved in developing an action plan particularly in a
Village Self-Sufficient PNPM. It involved community from the stages of planning,
implementation, supervision, to evaluation. Therefore, there was a moral
responsibility to make the program implemented in their area successful. Public
officials (Patron) were involved in deciding the types of community (Client) group
actions in Paloh borders, thus it could be considered as a deviation to the rules
and goals of community empowerment. In line with the research findings, if there
were a failure in implementation, a facilitator would be censured by the superior.
It was indicated that failure and fear of being punished by the superior inclined to
predominate public officials in PNPM. Other finding was that they received some
Women Saving-Borrowing moneys. It was revealed that those who received the
moneys were the close families of the Village Head and that of candidate
legislators, whereas the receipt of such saving-borrowing dan small business
funds should be poor people who in fact were marginalized and it was indicated
that there was a patronage-client tie in the implementation of activities conducted
emotionally and really irrational.
The lack of participation of Paloh border community group head and
members in decision making was a continuation of the lack of participation in
problem identification. Viewed from the research findings, it was not surprising
that Paloh border community group members as the participants in empowerment
had not played a role and less participated in decision making processes. The
types of activities implemented were generally decided by the government (public
officers). This was very positive. From the variable of the implementation of
physical developments, such the roads from village to dusun, it was traced the
results of findings that PNPM in Paloh border area the implementation of women
saving-borrowing and small businesses was unsuccessful and out of target, many
were in arrears of their loan settlement. This was because the local government
was not in the same direction and didn t pay attention to natural resources
available to manage as the capitals of small businesses and saving-borrowing to
be education for local community.
v
ABSTRAK
Kawasan perbatasan Kalimantan Barat memiliki panjang sekitar 847 km
melintasi lima Kabupaten dan enam belas Kecamatan, kondisi masyarakat miskin
dan marginal, terungkap infrastruktur tidak mendukung kondisi tersebut
pemerintah mengantisipasi dalam melaksanakan Program Nasional Pemberdayaan
Masyarakat (PNPM). Penelitian ini mempergunakan pendekatan metode kulitatif,
dilaksanakan sebagai upaya untuk menemukan data yang lebih mendalam tentang
pelaksanaan dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan PNPM di perbatasan
paloh, sambas, Kalimantan barat.
Masyarakat dilibatkan dalam penyusunan rencana kegiatan Program
Nasional Perberdayaan Mayarakat (PNPM) Mandiri Perdesaan. Mulai dari tahap
perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengawasan dan evaluasi. Dengan demikian ada
tanggung-jawab secara moral mensukseskan program yang dilaksanakan di daerah
mereka. Keterlibatan aparat pemerintah dalam menentukan jenis kegiatan
kelompok masyarakat perbatasan Paloh dinilai sebagai penyimpangan terhadap
tujuan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Keterlibatan aparat pemerintah ada kekawatiran
Apabila kegagalan pelaksanaan sebagai fasilitator di kecamatan dan desa ditegur
oleh atasan, disinyalir kegagalan dan ketakutan itu cenderung mendominasi
kinerja aparat pemerintah dalam PNPM. Indikator SPP (simpan pinjam
perempuan) yang mendapat dana tersebut adalah keluarga dekat kepala desa dan
keluarga calon legislatif. Sebenarnya penerima simpan pinjam dan usaha kecil
adalah penduduk miskin, yang di sinyalir dengan adanya ikatan kekerabatan dan
koleha, diantara petugas dan aparat pemerintah dengan masyarakat, pelaksanaan
kegiatan ini terungkap secara emosional dan nyatanya tidak rasional.
Kurangnya partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan dari ketua dan
anggota kelompok masyarakat perbatasan Paloh berkaitan dengan kurangnya
partisipasi dalam identifikasi masalah. Tidak mengherankan jika anggota
kelompok masyarakat perbatasan Paloh sebagai peserta pemberdayaan kurang
berpartisipasi dalam proses pembuatan keputusan. Jenis kegiatan umumnya
ditentukan oleh pihak pemerintah (aparat pemerintah), dari proses PNPM di
kawasan perbatasan Paloh, pelaksanaan simpan pinjam perempuan dan usaha
kecil tidak berhasil dan tidak tepat sasaran, banyak yang menunggak anggsuran
pinjaman. Disisi lain pemerintah daerah kurang memperhatikan SDA yang ada
untuk di kelolah secara mandiri dan partisipatif.
Kata Kunci :
Pemberdayaan, partisipasi
pemerintah daerah.
vi
masyarakat,
kinerja
aparat
Border line area of West Kalimantan spans around 847 km, covering five
Regencies and sixteen sub district. The conditions of population in the area is
marginal and its infrastructures are inadequate. As an anticipation, the
government implements a National Community Empowerment Program (PNPM).
In Paloh border it is revealed that the result is not as demanded and expected by
community. This research used a qualitative method approach, that was
conducted as an attempt to obtain deeper data on the researched phenomenon.
Therefore, it was needed a holistic approach, seeking to develop a relation with
the revealed study object.
Community was involved in developing an action plan particularly in a
Village Self-Sufficient PNPM. It involved community from the stages of planning,
implementation, supervision, to evaluation. Therefore, there was a moral
responsibility to make the program implemented in their area successful. Public
officials (Patron) were involved in deciding the types of community (Client) group
actions in Paloh borders, thus it could be considered as a deviation to the rules
and goals of community empowerment. In line with the research findings, if there
were a failure in implementation, a facilitator would be censured by the superior.
It was indicated that failure and fear of being punished by the superior inclined to
predominate public officials in PNPM. Other finding was that they received some
Women Saving-Borrowing moneys. It was revealed that those who received the
moneys were the close families of the Village Head and that of candidate
legislators, whereas the receipt of such saving-borrowing dan small business
funds should be poor people who in fact were marginalized and it was indicated
that there was a patronage-client tie in the implementation of activities conducted
emotionally and really irrational.
The lack of participation of Paloh border community group head and
members in decision making was a continuation of the lack of participation in
problem identification. Viewed from the research findings, it was not surprising
that Paloh border community group members as the participants in empowerment
had not played a role and less participated in decision making processes. The
types of activities implemented were generally decided by the government (public
officers). This was very positive. From the variable of the implementation of
physical developments, such the roads from village to dusun, it was traced the
results of findings that PNPM in Paloh border area the implementation of women
saving-borrowing and small businesses was unsuccessful and out of target, many
were in arrears of their loan settlement. This was because the local government
was not in the same direction and didn t pay attention to natural resources
available to manage as the capitals of small businesses and saving-borrowing to
be education for local community.
v
ABSTRAK
Kawasan perbatasan Kalimantan Barat memiliki panjang sekitar 847 km
melintasi lima Kabupaten dan enam belas Kecamatan, kondisi masyarakat miskin
dan marginal, terungkap infrastruktur tidak mendukung kondisi tersebut
pemerintah mengantisipasi dalam melaksanakan Program Nasional Pemberdayaan
Masyarakat (PNPM). Penelitian ini mempergunakan pendekatan metode kulitatif,
dilaksanakan sebagai upaya untuk menemukan data yang lebih mendalam tentang
pelaksanaan dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan PNPM di perbatasan
paloh, sambas, Kalimantan barat.
Masyarakat dilibatkan dalam penyusunan rencana kegiatan Program
Nasional Perberdayaan Mayarakat (PNPM) Mandiri Perdesaan. Mulai dari tahap
perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengawasan dan evaluasi. Dengan demikian ada
tanggung-jawab secara moral mensukseskan program yang dilaksanakan di daerah
mereka. Keterlibatan aparat pemerintah dalam menentukan jenis kegiatan
kelompok masyarakat perbatasan Paloh dinilai sebagai penyimpangan terhadap
tujuan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Keterlibatan aparat pemerintah ada kekawatiran
Apabila kegagalan pelaksanaan sebagai fasilitator di kecamatan dan desa ditegur
oleh atasan, disinyalir kegagalan dan ketakutan itu cenderung mendominasi
kinerja aparat pemerintah dalam PNPM. Indikator SPP (simpan pinjam
perempuan) yang mendapat dana tersebut adalah keluarga dekat kepala desa dan
keluarga calon legislatif. Sebenarnya penerima simpan pinjam dan usaha kecil
adalah penduduk miskin, yang di sinyalir dengan adanya ikatan kekerabatan dan
koleha, diantara petugas dan aparat pemerintah dengan masyarakat, pelaksanaan
kegiatan ini terungkap secara emosional dan nyatanya tidak rasional.
Kurangnya partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan dari ketua dan
anggota kelompok masyarakat perbatasan Paloh berkaitan dengan kurangnya
partisipasi dalam identifikasi masalah. Tidak mengherankan jika anggota
kelompok masyarakat perbatasan Paloh sebagai peserta pemberdayaan kurang
berpartisipasi dalam proses pembuatan keputusan. Jenis kegiatan umumnya
ditentukan oleh pihak pemerintah (aparat pemerintah), dari proses PNPM di
kawasan perbatasan Paloh, pelaksanaan simpan pinjam perempuan dan usaha
kecil tidak berhasil dan tidak tepat sasaran, banyak yang menunggak anggsuran
pinjaman. Disisi lain pemerintah daerah kurang memperhatikan SDA yang ada
untuk di kelolah secara mandiri dan partisipatif.
Kata Kunci :
Pemberdayaan, partisipasi
pemerintah daerah.
vi
masyarakat,
kinerja
aparat