DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)

DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (DBMS)

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Database Concepts

 Data is any unorganized raw facts
 Information is data that has been processed in
a meaningful and useful way.
 Database is an organized collection of related
tables and other structures.
 Database Management System (DBMS) is a
computer program used to create, process, and
manage the database.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Database Concepts

 Analogi ≈ Lemari Arsip

Disk

MAP

FILE

Basis Data

Lemari Arsip

NIM

Nama

Alamat

Tgl. Lahir

0400100252

Adi

Jl. Akasia

12 Januari 1980

0400200144

Sandi

Jl. Pulau Kawe

1 April 1981

0300100312

Heru

Jl. Ahmad Yani

31 Juli 1980

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Database Concepts

Database
File

File

File/Tabel

File

Mahasiswa

Field

Record
Record
Record

NIM

Nama

JK

Umur

001

Andi

L

19

002

Ina

P

18

003

Udin

L

20

Karakter

Item Data

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Data
Types
Data Type

 Data usually consists of text, numbers, currency, and
dates.
 Logical data – Only “yes” or “no” answers are allowed
 Objects – Non-textual data
 Binary large objects (BLOBs) – Very large objects
 Default value – Pre-defined values such as today’s date

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Operations of Database

 Create Database
 Drop Database
 Create Table
 Drop Table
 Insert Table
 Update Table
 Delete Table
 Query Table
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Types of Database Programs
Types of Database Programs
 File Management Programs:
 Create flat files containing one file or table
 Files can not be linked to other files

 Are easy to use and customize
 Are not as complex as database management systems

 Database Management Systems (DBMS):
 Contain multiple files or tables
 Are programs that enable data to be stored, modified, and
extracted from a database
 Are more difficult to learn than file management systems

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Components of DBMS

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Relational Database Management Systems

 Relational database management systems are the most
widely used type of DBMS.
 Data in several files are related through the use of a
common key field.

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Data Warehousing and Data Mining
 Data Warehousing:
 Supplements DBMSs by bringing together all data into one
huge database
 Organizes management’s decision-making process
 Uses a technique called drill-down to view performance
data of the entire company

 Data marts support one division of an organization
rather than an entire firm.
 Data Mining:

 Is a data exploration technique
 Is used to find unknown patterns of data
© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Client/Server Database Systems
 Data server – Professionally administered program
that runs on a local area network (LAN). It responds
to requests for data.
 Client – A user-friendly program that accesses the
server. Users can add data, maintain records, perform
queries, and generate reports.
Clients request data using a query language called
Structured Query Language (SQL).

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

The Internet Connection: Going Public With Data
 Web-based integration is the latest trend in database
software.
 Information is stored in databases that are available
through the Internet.

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Advantages of Database Management Systems
 The areas of importance for building a quality
database are:



Data
Dataintegrity
independence
Data
Data
Avoidance
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 Data maintenance
Range check
Consistency check
Completeness check

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Information Systems: Tools for Global
Competitiveness
 An information system is designed to bring data,
computers, procedures, and people together to manage
information important to an organization’s mission.
 To be valuable, information must be:
 Accessible
 Accurate
 Complete
 Economical
 Relevant

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc







Reliable
Secure
Simple
Timely
Verifiable

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Functional Divisions of an Organization

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Computerized Information Systems
 A computerized information system (CIS):
 Includes data, hardware, software, trained personnel, and
procedures
 Collects critical data, processes the data, stores the data,
and disseminates information throughout the organization
 Provides essential services to organizations, including
processing transactions and keeping exact records

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Techniques of Information Reduction
 Controlling information is important to keep people
from being overwhelmed by it.
 Control methods in an information system include:
 Routing information
 Summarizing information
 Enabling selectivity
 Eliminating unnecessary information

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs)
 TPSs handle an organization’s accounting needs.
 Early TPSs used batch processing systems.
 Online processing consists of entering transaction
data and viewing the results immediately.
 TPSs enable managers to make operational
decisions.
 TPSs can produce summary and exception reports.

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Management Information Systems (MISs)
 MISs are computer-based systems that support the
information needs of different levels of management.
 MISs help management make informed tactical
decisions.
 MISs work with transaction processing systems.
 MISs inform managers if their goals are being met.
 Drawbacks of MISs:
 Reports may contain unwanted information
 Information may not be available when needed
 Reams of printouts
© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Decision Support Systems (DSSs)
 DSSs enable managers to ask questions that can’t be
answered by MIS reports.
 Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) enables
managers to import up-to-the-minute reports from
transaction databases.

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Executive Information Systems (EISs)
 EISs are also known as executive support systems
(ESSs).
 EISs support strategic decisions made by top level
management that will affect the entire company.
 EISs filter critical information so that trends are
apparent.

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Types of Decisions and Information Systems
for Managers
Strategic decisions
Organizational
Pyramid

Tactical decisions
Operational decisions

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Knowledge Management Systems
 Knowledge management systems are used to
capture knowledge created by employees and make it
available when needed.

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Expert Systems
 Expert systems are systems that deal with expert
knowledge in a particular area.
 Expert systems:
 Help in making decisions
 Use artificial intelligence principles
 Provide technical support for customers

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Computers and Databases in the Retail Sector
 Computers and databases are used for the checkout
process and strategic purposes.
 At the checkout counter:
Point of sale terminals are replacing the cash register.
Optical scanners read the universal product code (UPC)
label that identifies items, their costs, and any sale prices.
Credit card authorization terminals are used to process
credit card transactions by placing a call to a call center
which provides authorization numbers.

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Computers and Databases in the Retail Sector
 At the checkout counter (continued):
 Check-screening systems read the check’s account
number, then compare it with delinquent accounts.
 Signature capture systems capture a customer’s signature
on a pressure sensitive pad.
 Photo checkout systems display a customer’s photo when
a credit card is used.

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Chapter 10 Summary
•
•
•

•
•
•

Database software transforms data into information.
Information is data that is organized to be meaningful and
useful.
A database file is made of:
Characters
Fields
Records
File management programs work with one database file.
DBMSs can work with two or more database files at a time.
A good database system contains:
Data integrity
Data independence
Data redundancy avoidance measures
Data security
Data maintenance procedures

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 10

Chapter 10 Summary continued
• A computer information system provides essential services to an
organization.
• Information systems include:
Transaction processing systems (TPS)
Management information systems (MIS)
Decision support systems (DSS)
Executive information systems (EIS)
Knowledge management systems (KMS)
Expert systems (ES)
• Computers and databases provide an indispensable resource for
the retail sector.

© 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc

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