Group Japan Report Muhammad Andriyadi
INDIVIDUAL REPORT
THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR &
VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO
(Shin-Kōtō Incineration Plant)
TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT
Humanizing Collaboration between Indonesia & Japan
Written By:
Muhammad Andriyadi
Student ID. (120820160050)
Master of Management Program
Faculty of Economics and Business
Padjadjaran University
MARKETING ANALYSIS REPORT
Japan is a country with a small area, but with its small size does not make Japan an ordinary country, Japan is one of the
most advanced and modern countries in Asia that can compete with countries from Continental Europe.
During 5 days in Japan, the author found many interesting things that are encountered when walking in business centers
in Tokyo that can not be found in business centers in Indonesia. The author will describe it in this report using PESTLE
analysis, said PESTLE is an acronym of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environment, PESTLE is a very
useful tool when entrepreneurs want to enter a business environment, with PESTLE analysis can be known Opportunities
and threats that exist within the environment.
PESTLE ANALYSIS
Political
Japan is a constitutional monarchy with the emperor as its leader, but the emperor here is more just a symbol, the man
who governing all government activities led by a Prime Minister. In Japan there is also a party that represents the
aspirations of its people, there are 5 parties, the parties will fight in elections to elect the Prime Minister, the Prime
Minister in Japan has a very broad influence in economic, political, and even legal. So the economic activity in Japan is very
dependent on who is the position of the Prime Minister at that time, each party bringing its own distinctive features that
will be embraced into the systems that will be built. With a relatively stable political condition, Japan has become one of
the countries favored by investors and makes Japan ranked 34th for a country with ease of doing business in 2016, while
for Indonesia it is still ranked 91. The ease of doing business is somewhat influenced by the political conditions of the
country.
Economy
Japan is one of the countries with strong economies, whereas Japan within its territory can not support the availability of
sufficient natural resources, but trade with other countries can help weaknesses owned by Japan so that its economy can
increase.
Sectors that support the economic movement in Japan come from the service sector, industry, and fisheries. The service
sector in Japan accounts for most of Japan's economic revenues, service sector industries in Japan such as banking,
insurance, transportation, and telecommunications.
For the industrial sector, which famous all over the world is automotive and electronics, in Indonesia it seems almost all
residents know automotive brands that come from Japan such as Honda, Toyota, Yamaha, Suzuki, etc . Even for
motorcycles in Indonesia it seems very difficult for players from other countries than Japan to expand its brand in the
automotive sector business in Indonesia, Indonesia is pleased with automotive products from Japan because it is famous
for its excellent quality in accordance with the work ethic of Japanese people who always want to make something be the
best.
In the electronics
sector like that,
brands from Japan
dominate
the
Indonesian market,
such as Sony, Sharp,
Toshiba, etc. It
seems that every
home in Indonesia
has at least one type
of electronic goods
coming from Japan.
For the fisheries sector in Japan is very developed when compared with Indonesia, the development of fisheries sector in
Japan starting from the tools - fishing equipment such as fishing vessels that are sophisticated where the ship has a tool to
detect the presence of fish, in addition the profession of fishermen in Japan promising welfare which is better when
compared to fishermen in Indonesia, fish catches are the mainstay in Japan is almost all types of tuna, tuna fish is a type of
fish that has a high economic value, when getting a large size tuna with A quality can generate sales value Above 10
million rupiah. In addition to sophisticated fishing tools, the development of the fishery sector in Japan is due to the high
consumption of fish, the majority of Japanese are like to eat fish so the fishermen do not have to worry if the fish they
catch will not be bought by the consumer.
Beside the production and consumption sectors, Japan also has a wholesale center for fishery products such as the Tsukiji
Fish Market, in this market is available of all fresh fish, products that sold not only fresh fish but also processed products
of fish and cooked fish. Conditions in the fish market is very crowded by people who want to buy fish directly from the
fishermen, in this fish market buying and selling interactions that occur is between buyers with sellers or fishermen, in
contrast to the fish market in Indonesia where transactions that occur usually between brokers and fishermen,and then
brokers will sell back at a price that usually takes a high profit gap. Tsukiji fish market is a traditional market, but when it
goes into it does not feel like entering into the traditional market because of its clean, orderly, and odorless condition.
Social
Japan is the 10th largest population in the world with more than 120 million people. Although included in the top 10
largest population in the world but now the birth rate in Japan is low because many people who do not want to get
married.
Japan is very respectful of the language of their country, almost all people communicate using the Japanese language,
even in business centers that many foreign tourists, merchants always offer a product with japanese language and just few
who understand when we want to communicate using English, who understand english most are in the 20 to 30 year age
range.
The religion in Japan is the Shinto religion, as time goes other religions entering Japan like Buddha. In Japan every there is
almost an exact Buddhist temple around it there is also a Shinto temple, it can be an example for tolerance between
religions.
Technology
Technology is another superiority possessed by Japan, the most famous is probably the technology in creating robots,
human shaped robot and robot that can useful to help the manufacturing process. In addition to robots, in Japan so many
wifi available in every corner of the city that causes texting services using mobile phones is not popular, to communicate
they are more often using e-mail. Technology also seen from the use of transportation methods, for example is a
shinkansen train that has 1 of fastest train in the world.
Legal
If an investor wants to do business in Japan then do not worry about legal factors adopted by Japan, because the legal
factor adopted makes it easier for investors to invest in Japan, in addition to bureaucrats work quickly, precisely and
efficiently. For the form of wage regulations his work was already clear and did not harm one of the parties involved. The
things that make Japan included in the country's high ranking with ease of doing business.
Environment
Japanese are people who have a high work ethic, if in the morning we walk in Tokyo then we can see a lot of people are
walking toward the workplace with serious faces as if signaling that they are ready to work on that day. In Japan there is
also a culture of shame if in the afternoon have come home from the office and do not get overtime hours, because as if -
their performance is less favored by the company so companies do not have to pay them more for overtime, we can say
the Japanese is a workaholic.
RECOMMENDATION
For Indonesia Government :
1. Improving the political situation in Indonesia to be more stable so that investors are sure to invest.
2. Simplify the bureaucratic system in Indonesia to make it easier.
3. Create a more modern fish market in strategic places and make policies to avoid the brokers who make fish prices high
CROSS CULTURE ANALYSIS
Love to Walk
The first thing seen when setting
foot in Tokyo is the number of
native Japanese who walk,
compared with the number of
passing vehicles is still more the
number of pedestrians. The
sidewalks in Tokyo are wider than
the existing sidewalks in cities in
Indonesia, which may make the
majority of Tokyo or Japanese
people happy to walk while
performing
daily
activities.
Different things can be felt when
visiting in big cities in Indonesia,
in Indonesia the road are
dominated by a vehicles, whereas
most of the existing vehicles in
Indonesia come from Japan but
in the former country that is
Japan the use of vehicles is not dominate the road. Even along the road in Japan it is rare to find seats on the sidewalk for
people to rest, perhaps because walking has become a culture that makes Japanese people strong to walk for a long
distance, a place to rest only found in the city park.
So Clean
The next thing that is amazing from Japan is the spirit in maintaining cleanliness, the streets around Tokyo is very clean,
very difficult to find rubbish scattered on the street, even I had a chat with Singaporeans who also admire the cleanliness
of Tokyo Prefecture, he said the level of cleanliness in Tokyo is already above Singapore. Yet along the streets of Tokyo is
very rare to find a trash can, but the awareness of hygiene is very high to make Japanese people are reluctant to throw
rubbish carelessly, if they have small rubbish then the rubbish will they put in their bags until then they will Found a trash
can. Culture to maintain cleanliness needs to be adopted by the people in Indonesia, in Indonesia awareness of cleanliness
is low which causes the city environment becomes dirty and often lead to disasters such as floods.
Queue Culture
Culture queuing has been deeply rooted in the life of
Japanese society, the queue culture that they apply in
realization in every line of their life. Queues in Japan are
longer than our country but they can queue well because
they are very respectful of the rights of others, the
example of the queued culture that is seen is when
shopping at the supermarket does not seem there is
someone trying to grab even though the queue is quite
long, we can find the long queue when we are want to
use train, when they want to enter the train first act they
has to do is make a straight line in front of the entrance,
when the train came they did not scramble in front of
entrance door, before they get into the train first they
welcoming people who want to get out of the train.
Because the queue culture is very strong, when there is someone who can not queue it will be considered like a freak by
the surrounding community, queuing is a boring and exhausting activity, to eliminate the boredo, Japanese people usually
do activities by using their phone or listen to music with the headset.
High Working Ethos
Workers in Japan are renowned for their high work ethic, they always give maximum performance to the companies that
hire them, their high work ethic has been seen since they leave for work, by seeing it directly visible their passion for doing
work on that day with the best. The high passion and never give up is a characteristic of Japanese people, from the slogan
of the samurai who declared "Better to die than shyness", there is also the term MAKŌTŌ which means to work with
passionate spirit, honesty and sincerity, not to mention the spirit and the other motto and philosophy that can Spur work
and shape the work ethic of workers in Japan.
In addition to a high work ethic, workers in Japan know how to refreshing and avoiding boredom of work, after finished
from their work, even though tomorrow is not a day off, we can be found many employees who have just returned from
the office gathered together with colleagues for fun so that tomorrow will be able to face the workload better.
The Orderly Society
If people from countries that do not adopt or do not have the culture to deviate may be a little surprised by the order
shown by the people in Japan, many things that we consider unusual in Indonesia we can not do when we visit Japan, :
1. When we use escalator, the left
side is for people who are not too
hasty and the right side is using for
people who are in a hurry, if we
are feeling in no hurry then when
the escalator ride on the right side
then do not be surprised if there is
a Japanese person who scold us.
2. It is quite unique to happen
when doing transactions in
supermarkets, if visitors want to
pay for their groceries, visitors can
not give money directly to the
cashier, there is a special container
located near the cashier that has
been prepared to put the money
we will pay, then cashier will take
the money we put in the container.
3. If you want to smoke, smoke in a place that has been provided, do not - once smoking in public places if you do not
want to be captured by the local government. This indiscriminate ban is seriously undertaken in Japan, unlike in Indonesia
which already has regulations on smoking bans in public places but there are still many people who do such acts.
4. Do not run too slowly, in Japan the average of them has been accustomed to walking quickly, if they do not want to be
rebuked or hit by them then we must follow their speed path.
5. The riders must stop before the crossing and wait for pedestrians to cross until no one else crosses the road, and in
Japan there is no honking sound when they are waiting for pedestrians to cross the road.
City Planning
When we visited Japan and have the opportunity to climb high buildings such as Tokyo Sky Tree then we will be amazed by
the city's adopted by Tokyo, from above we can see how organized the buildings are.
In building the Japanese government city using monozukuri principle, monozukuri principle is the spirit of planning or
design to find solutions to problems faced as quickly, as accurately, and concretely as possible.
In addition to regular urban planning, in built a building is different from that in Indonesia, in Japan the building being built
is closed by something that prevents dust or materials from construction scattered and exposed to the public, and within
construction there are limits on the noise level generated, do not let the surrounding community is disturbed by the
construction activities that are being done.
Always On Time
On time culture is highly respected in Japan, it is several times I feel when heading to a restaurant that has been on our
reserved, suppose we order for 18:00 until 19:00, then if we come late for example at 18.30 then our time to eat at the
restaurant only half hour left, not one hour, it is because to honored guests who have booked at 19:00 o’clock, if we are
late to come then it's our own fault and not a restaurant that should replace the mistakes that we make.
culture on time was very felt by me when the bus driver who served to drive us for 5 days never been late even for one
time.
RECOMMENDATION
For the Central and Regional Governments to:
1. Establish a policy on urban hygiene and order and ensure that the policy runs by providing adequate facilities and
sanctions applied if there are violations.
2. Make a limit of vehicles sales and provide convenient transportation for the community, plus a decent sidewalk for
pedestrians so that the people of Indonesia have a love to walk culture.
COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS REPORT
About 20 years ago, the Japanese has not do sorted waste. In the 1960 until 1970, Japanese were still low concerning the
issue of waste management. At that time, Japan become an industrial country, so they are not too concerned about
environmental problems. The biggest example of such concern is when Minamata contamination cases happen, that cases
happen because of Chisso Minamata plant dispose mercury wastes into the oceans and contaminates fish and other
marine products. The fishermen and local people who eat fish from the sea around Minamata become victims. In 2001,
more than 1,700 people died as a result of the tragedy.
In the 60s and 70s, pollution cases and environmental pollution became part of the growing Japanese industry. In the city
of Tokyo itself, waste and household waste becomes a major problem for the environment and disrupt the lives of citizens
of Tokyo.
It was only in the mid-1970 began appear the movement of environmental community or "chonaikai" in various cities in
Japan. The community raises citizen awareness about how to dispose of garbage and sorting out the waste, so it can
make waste processing easier. They are introduced a 3R or Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle theme. Reduce garbage disposal,
Reuse, and Recycle.
The movement continues to grow, supported by various layers of society in Japan. Although the environmental care
movement in the community is growing rapidly, the Japanese government does not yet have a law regulating waste
management. For the government at that time, environmental issues have not been a priority.
Only about 20 years later, after seeing positive developments and great support from all Japanese society, the Law on
waste processing passed the Japanese Parliament. In June 2000, the Law on the Recycled Oriented Society of Japan was
approved by the Japanese parliament, the Basic Law for the Promotion of the Formation of Recycling Oriented Society.
Previously, in 1997, the Recycling Package or "Containers and Packaging Recycle Law" was first approved by Parliament.
There are at least three secrets of Japanese success in handling household waste. First, the high priority of the community
in the recycling program. Almost all Japanese people understand the importance of recycling waste management.
To build that awareness, community groups such as "chonaikai" conduct environmental awareness campaigns in various
walks of life. Several volunteers have actively come down to housing to monitor garbage disposal, and dialogue with
residents on how to handle the waste.
Secondly, the emergence of social pressure from Japanese society if we do not throw garbage in place. Shame is the key to
waste effectiveness in Japan, even a drunken person can still dump the garbage in its place.
Third, a massive and aggressive educational program is done from an early age. Children in Japan, since grade 3
elementary school has been trained how to dispose of waste according to its kind. It builds a waste disposal culture that
can be embedded in the subconscious. Disposing of waste by type has become "habit".
Initially, resistance came from some circles about the change of way to dispose of this garbage. Many residents, especially
elderly people, are protesting against new ways of handling garbage, because it is considered troublesome. But with
continuous explanations and information about the benefits of garbage disposal, the resistance diminishes by itself.
The waste processing system in Japan is conducted in a hierarchical model, from district to provincial level. As a result,
every city, district, and district can have different systems altogether. Including Tokyo with its 23 districts.
Tokyo is a modern prefecture, most of 23 city in Tokyo prefecture already has a modern waste treatment plant, based on
official website of 23 Clean Authority of Tokyo, there are 21 Incineration Plants:
Facilities name
Location
Chuo Incineration Plant
〒104-0053 5-2-1, Harumi, Chuo-ku
Minato Incineration Plant
Kita Incineration Plant
〒108-0075 5-7-1, Kounan, Minato-ku
〒115-0042 1-2-36, Shimo, Kita-ku
Shinagawa Incineration Plant
Meguro Incineration Plant
Ota Incineration Plant
〒140-0003 1-4-1, Yashio, Shinagawa-ku
(among Plant remodeling)
〒143-0003 3-6-1, Keihinjima, Ota-ku
Tamagawa Incineration Plant
Setagaya Incineration Plant
Chitose Incineration Plant
〒157-0074 1-1-1, Okura, Setagaya-ku
〒156-0056 2-7-1, Hachimanyama, Setagaya-ku
Shibuya Incineration Plant
〒150-0011 1-35-1, Higashi, Shibuya-ku
Suginami Incineration Plant
Toshima Incineration Plant
Itabashi Incineration Plant
Nerima Incineration Plant
(among Plant remodeling)
〒170-0012 2-5-1, Kamiikebukuro, Toshima-ku
〒175-0082 9-48-1, Takashimadaira, Itabashi-ku
〒177-0032 6-10-11, Yahara, Nerima-ku
Hikarigaoka Incineration Plant
Sumida Incineration Plant
(among Plant remodeling)
〒136-0081 3-1-1, Yumenoshima, Koutou-ku
〒135-0063 2-3-10, Ariake, Koutou-ku
Adachi Incineration Plant
〒131-0042 1-10-23, Higashisumida, Sumida-ku
Shin-Kōtō Incineration Plant
Ariake Incineration Plant
〒146-0092 2-33-1, Shimomaruko, Ota-ku
〒121-0812 4-7-1, Nishihokima, Adachi-ku
Katsushika Incineration Plant
Edogawa Incineration Plant
〒125-0032 1-20-1, Mizumoto, Katsushika-ku
〒132-0013 2-10, Edogawa, Edogawa-ku
Shin-Kōtō Incineration Plant is one of 21 incineration plants located in Tokyo prefecture and includes the largest of the 21
incineration plants. The output from Shin-Kōtō incineration plant activity is a vapor for Tokyo international swimming pool
and hot water for Tokyo sport culture building.
In Japan, waste is divided into
several criteria based on
policy from the region, these
criteria are very important
which will be useful for
sorting out the types of waste
that will be processed in the
incineration plant. Each
incineration plant has its own
work area, for the Shin-Kōtō
incineration plant to have
areas to collect garbage just
inside Kōtō City, the garbage
disposed
of
by
the
community will be collected
by garbage trucks operating
in Kōtō. Then the waste is
transferred
into
the
incineration plant, the waste
is divided into 3, combustible
waste, incombustible waste,
and large-sized waste.
The success of the presence
of incineration plant occurs
because Japanese society is
very orderly in disposing of garbage, and disposed waste is sorted according to existing criteria. The existence of this
incineration plant supports 3R program that is Reuse, Reduce, and Recycle.
Examples of activities from reuse, reduce, and recycle such as:
Reuse :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Choose containers, bags or objects that can be used multiple times or repeatedly. For example, use a cloth napkin
instead of a tissue, using a rechargeable battery.
Reuse the empty container or packaging for the same function or other functions. For example, use drink bottles
used to be a place of cooking oil.
Use electronic storage tools that can be erased and rewritten.
Use the blank side of the paper to write.
Use email to send mail.
Sell or dispose garbage to those in need
Reduce :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Choose a product with recyclable packaging.
Avoid wearing and buying products that generate large amounts of waste.
Use refillable products. For example stationery that can be refilled again).
Maximize the use of electronic storage devices that can be erased and rewritten.
Reduce use of disposable materials.
Use both sides of paper for writing and photocopying.
Avoid buying and using items that are less necessary.
Recycle :
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select products and packaging that can be recycled and easily decomposes.
Waste paper into paper or cardboard again.
Perform organic waste processing into compost.
Perform non-organic waste processing into useful items.
For garbage that sent to incineration plant means supporting recycle program, where the waste sent to the incineration
plant will be processed to become a plastic seed which can be processed into goods that have value for use.
In carrying out its activities, Shin-Kōtō Incineration Plant should give an attention to its assets, the attention that can be
given by applying the concept of asset management in managing assets owned. The purpose of applying asset
management is to have assets that can provide optimal benefits to the company, there are 5 things to note in the
implementation of asset management :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Assets Inventory
Legal Audit
Valuation
Optimization of Assets
Supervision and Control
Japan is a developed country that has use technology in every aspect of their life, Implementation asset inventory in
Japan must have used technology in the process. In the implementation of asset inventory in Japan most likely already
using asset management systems that have been computerized and have a excellent database.
Assets inventory is an activity consisting of two aspects, namely physical inventory and juridical / legal. Physical aspects
consist of shape, area, location, volume / number, type, address and others. And the other aspects is a juridical aspects,
juridical aspects like the status of mastery, legal issues owned, and limit of mastery.
The purpose of an asset inventory is to:
1.
2.
3.
Creating orderly administration
Asset Security
Control and supervision of assets
The benefits of doing an asset inventory are:
1.
2.
3.
Having a quality database
Knowing the use and utilization of assets
Facilitate monitoring
4.
5.
Assist the other party in asset management, such as for asset maintenance
Improve security in terms of physical and legal audits
The data characteristics of each object that should be recorded in each asset inventory must include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Type of Assets
Specifications
Amount
Asset location
Sources of asset funds
Purchase Date
Purchase Price
Current condition of the asset
Possible asset changes in the future
An asset inventory is an essential element when it comes to optimizing asset usage, when the asset owner expects his
assets to be of optimal benefit an inventory asset is required to enable the owner to know the location, age, and condition
of the asset.
For an asset inventory at the Shin-Kōtō incineration plant it seems to be working well, it can be seen from the optimal
operation and activity of the incineration plant from its inception until today. By routinely performing an asset inventory,
it will know the condition of the assets owned, by knowing the condition of the asset, the owner can adjust the
appropriate action for the asset, whether it will be maximally utilized or it may actually need rejuvenation or even
replacement.
Asset inventory system at the Shin-Kōtō incineration plant is good, also seen from the no asset placed at one point, where
the asset store in one point is usually due to the assets being unusable or the value is not optimal. The accumulation of
assets occurs due to the lack of updates of the information in the asset inventory, if the asset inventory has been done
well then the economic life of the asset can be predicted so that when the economic value of the asset will be exhausted
the removal process will not cause the accumulation of assets at one point.
RECOMMENDATION
Looking at the process of forming "habit" of waste processing in Japan, Indonesia can imitate Japan. Awareness of waste
and the environment in Japan has only grown in the last few decades. This means it does not happen by default in
Japanese society, but done by design by forming habit or habit through education.
Therefore, efforts to build public awareness through various environmental campaigns by environmental care
communities need to be improved.
Indonesia should imitate the way that chonaikai did in Japan 30 years ago. Although the Japanese government has not
supported and moved, they have not given up. For 20 years, the community has consistently gained sympathy and thrived
until it can instead put social pressure on the government.
Another step is to create an educational program for every element of society. Various brochures and information are
made for schoolchildren so the habit of disposing of garbage is formed from childhood. On the other hand, parents should
also set an example. This is very important, because children imitate what the parents do.
With these things, eventually the government will inevitably support the environmental care movement. And if so, the
Law is made not to regulate, but only formalize the reality that has occurred in the community.
No wonder, the more advanced a country, the fewer the rules. In Japan, I rarely see the words "Please do not litter"
because without that attention, people have already dumped the garbage in its place.
After the waste management in Indonesia has been going well and orderly then Indonesia has been allowed to think about
the manufacture of waste processing plants, because to be able to run the waste processing properly should be sourced
from the garbages that has been sorted before, if the garbage disposed by the community has not been sorted It will make
the processing of waste becomes longer .
In Indonesia there is no area that has modern waste processing, it is something that does not make sense considering
Indonesia has been independent for more than 70 years, so with this author recommends:
1.
2.
3.
Government that has problem with rubbish (like Jakarta and Bandung) to conduct study of waste processing
development
The study conducted not only in terms of business, because the waste processing site has an impact on social
aspects of society.
Make a collaboration with private company or state corporation with Business to Government mechanism to
build waste processing plant in Indonesia
Before do that, the Government of Indonesia should do things like:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Increasing public awareness about the importance of waste management.
Working with social organizations related to waste management.
Supports every social organization activity related to waste management.
Establish regulations on waste management and the environment.
REFERENCES
Siregar, Doli D.2004.Manajemen Aset.Jakarta.Gramedia Pustaka Utama
Sugiama, A Gima (2013), Manajemen Aset Pariwisata, Guardaya Intimarta, Bandung
https://alamendah.org
http://olahsampah.com
http://pemudatataruang.org/index.php/publikasi/artikel/113-prinsip-monozukiri-dalam-pembangunan-di-jepangjenesys
http://pestleanalysis.com
http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings
http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3001.html
http://www.union.tokyo23-seisou.lg.jp.e.de.hp.transer.com/kojo/index.html
THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR &
VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO
(Shin-Kōtō Incineration Plant)
TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT
Humanizing Collaboration between Indonesia & Japan
Written By:
Muhammad Andriyadi
Student ID. (120820160050)
Master of Management Program
Faculty of Economics and Business
Padjadjaran University
MARKETING ANALYSIS REPORT
Japan is a country with a small area, but with its small size does not make Japan an ordinary country, Japan is one of the
most advanced and modern countries in Asia that can compete with countries from Continental Europe.
During 5 days in Japan, the author found many interesting things that are encountered when walking in business centers
in Tokyo that can not be found in business centers in Indonesia. The author will describe it in this report using PESTLE
analysis, said PESTLE is an acronym of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environment, PESTLE is a very
useful tool when entrepreneurs want to enter a business environment, with PESTLE analysis can be known Opportunities
and threats that exist within the environment.
PESTLE ANALYSIS
Political
Japan is a constitutional monarchy with the emperor as its leader, but the emperor here is more just a symbol, the man
who governing all government activities led by a Prime Minister. In Japan there is also a party that represents the
aspirations of its people, there are 5 parties, the parties will fight in elections to elect the Prime Minister, the Prime
Minister in Japan has a very broad influence in economic, political, and even legal. So the economic activity in Japan is very
dependent on who is the position of the Prime Minister at that time, each party bringing its own distinctive features that
will be embraced into the systems that will be built. With a relatively stable political condition, Japan has become one of
the countries favored by investors and makes Japan ranked 34th for a country with ease of doing business in 2016, while
for Indonesia it is still ranked 91. The ease of doing business is somewhat influenced by the political conditions of the
country.
Economy
Japan is one of the countries with strong economies, whereas Japan within its territory can not support the availability of
sufficient natural resources, but trade with other countries can help weaknesses owned by Japan so that its economy can
increase.
Sectors that support the economic movement in Japan come from the service sector, industry, and fisheries. The service
sector in Japan accounts for most of Japan's economic revenues, service sector industries in Japan such as banking,
insurance, transportation, and telecommunications.
For the industrial sector, which famous all over the world is automotive and electronics, in Indonesia it seems almost all
residents know automotive brands that come from Japan such as Honda, Toyota, Yamaha, Suzuki, etc . Even for
motorcycles in Indonesia it seems very difficult for players from other countries than Japan to expand its brand in the
automotive sector business in Indonesia, Indonesia is pleased with automotive products from Japan because it is famous
for its excellent quality in accordance with the work ethic of Japanese people who always want to make something be the
best.
In the electronics
sector like that,
brands from Japan
dominate
the
Indonesian market,
such as Sony, Sharp,
Toshiba, etc. It
seems that every
home in Indonesia
has at least one type
of electronic goods
coming from Japan.
For the fisheries sector in Japan is very developed when compared with Indonesia, the development of fisheries sector in
Japan starting from the tools - fishing equipment such as fishing vessels that are sophisticated where the ship has a tool to
detect the presence of fish, in addition the profession of fishermen in Japan promising welfare which is better when
compared to fishermen in Indonesia, fish catches are the mainstay in Japan is almost all types of tuna, tuna fish is a type of
fish that has a high economic value, when getting a large size tuna with A quality can generate sales value Above 10
million rupiah. In addition to sophisticated fishing tools, the development of the fishery sector in Japan is due to the high
consumption of fish, the majority of Japanese are like to eat fish so the fishermen do not have to worry if the fish they
catch will not be bought by the consumer.
Beside the production and consumption sectors, Japan also has a wholesale center for fishery products such as the Tsukiji
Fish Market, in this market is available of all fresh fish, products that sold not only fresh fish but also processed products
of fish and cooked fish. Conditions in the fish market is very crowded by people who want to buy fish directly from the
fishermen, in this fish market buying and selling interactions that occur is between buyers with sellers or fishermen, in
contrast to the fish market in Indonesia where transactions that occur usually between brokers and fishermen,and then
brokers will sell back at a price that usually takes a high profit gap. Tsukiji fish market is a traditional market, but when it
goes into it does not feel like entering into the traditional market because of its clean, orderly, and odorless condition.
Social
Japan is the 10th largest population in the world with more than 120 million people. Although included in the top 10
largest population in the world but now the birth rate in Japan is low because many people who do not want to get
married.
Japan is very respectful of the language of their country, almost all people communicate using the Japanese language,
even in business centers that many foreign tourists, merchants always offer a product with japanese language and just few
who understand when we want to communicate using English, who understand english most are in the 20 to 30 year age
range.
The religion in Japan is the Shinto religion, as time goes other religions entering Japan like Buddha. In Japan every there is
almost an exact Buddhist temple around it there is also a Shinto temple, it can be an example for tolerance between
religions.
Technology
Technology is another superiority possessed by Japan, the most famous is probably the technology in creating robots,
human shaped robot and robot that can useful to help the manufacturing process. In addition to robots, in Japan so many
wifi available in every corner of the city that causes texting services using mobile phones is not popular, to communicate
they are more often using e-mail. Technology also seen from the use of transportation methods, for example is a
shinkansen train that has 1 of fastest train in the world.
Legal
If an investor wants to do business in Japan then do not worry about legal factors adopted by Japan, because the legal
factor adopted makes it easier for investors to invest in Japan, in addition to bureaucrats work quickly, precisely and
efficiently. For the form of wage regulations his work was already clear and did not harm one of the parties involved. The
things that make Japan included in the country's high ranking with ease of doing business.
Environment
Japanese are people who have a high work ethic, if in the morning we walk in Tokyo then we can see a lot of people are
walking toward the workplace with serious faces as if signaling that they are ready to work on that day. In Japan there is
also a culture of shame if in the afternoon have come home from the office and do not get overtime hours, because as if -
their performance is less favored by the company so companies do not have to pay them more for overtime, we can say
the Japanese is a workaholic.
RECOMMENDATION
For Indonesia Government :
1. Improving the political situation in Indonesia to be more stable so that investors are sure to invest.
2. Simplify the bureaucratic system in Indonesia to make it easier.
3. Create a more modern fish market in strategic places and make policies to avoid the brokers who make fish prices high
CROSS CULTURE ANALYSIS
Love to Walk
The first thing seen when setting
foot in Tokyo is the number of
native Japanese who walk,
compared with the number of
passing vehicles is still more the
number of pedestrians. The
sidewalks in Tokyo are wider than
the existing sidewalks in cities in
Indonesia, which may make the
majority of Tokyo or Japanese
people happy to walk while
performing
daily
activities.
Different things can be felt when
visiting in big cities in Indonesia,
in Indonesia the road are
dominated by a vehicles, whereas
most of the existing vehicles in
Indonesia come from Japan but
in the former country that is
Japan the use of vehicles is not dominate the road. Even along the road in Japan it is rare to find seats on the sidewalk for
people to rest, perhaps because walking has become a culture that makes Japanese people strong to walk for a long
distance, a place to rest only found in the city park.
So Clean
The next thing that is amazing from Japan is the spirit in maintaining cleanliness, the streets around Tokyo is very clean,
very difficult to find rubbish scattered on the street, even I had a chat with Singaporeans who also admire the cleanliness
of Tokyo Prefecture, he said the level of cleanliness in Tokyo is already above Singapore. Yet along the streets of Tokyo is
very rare to find a trash can, but the awareness of hygiene is very high to make Japanese people are reluctant to throw
rubbish carelessly, if they have small rubbish then the rubbish will they put in their bags until then they will Found a trash
can. Culture to maintain cleanliness needs to be adopted by the people in Indonesia, in Indonesia awareness of cleanliness
is low which causes the city environment becomes dirty and often lead to disasters such as floods.
Queue Culture
Culture queuing has been deeply rooted in the life of
Japanese society, the queue culture that they apply in
realization in every line of their life. Queues in Japan are
longer than our country but they can queue well because
they are very respectful of the rights of others, the
example of the queued culture that is seen is when
shopping at the supermarket does not seem there is
someone trying to grab even though the queue is quite
long, we can find the long queue when we are want to
use train, when they want to enter the train first act they
has to do is make a straight line in front of the entrance,
when the train came they did not scramble in front of
entrance door, before they get into the train first they
welcoming people who want to get out of the train.
Because the queue culture is very strong, when there is someone who can not queue it will be considered like a freak by
the surrounding community, queuing is a boring and exhausting activity, to eliminate the boredo, Japanese people usually
do activities by using their phone or listen to music with the headset.
High Working Ethos
Workers in Japan are renowned for their high work ethic, they always give maximum performance to the companies that
hire them, their high work ethic has been seen since they leave for work, by seeing it directly visible their passion for doing
work on that day with the best. The high passion and never give up is a characteristic of Japanese people, from the slogan
of the samurai who declared "Better to die than shyness", there is also the term MAKŌTŌ which means to work with
passionate spirit, honesty and sincerity, not to mention the spirit and the other motto and philosophy that can Spur work
and shape the work ethic of workers in Japan.
In addition to a high work ethic, workers in Japan know how to refreshing and avoiding boredom of work, after finished
from their work, even though tomorrow is not a day off, we can be found many employees who have just returned from
the office gathered together with colleagues for fun so that tomorrow will be able to face the workload better.
The Orderly Society
If people from countries that do not adopt or do not have the culture to deviate may be a little surprised by the order
shown by the people in Japan, many things that we consider unusual in Indonesia we can not do when we visit Japan, :
1. When we use escalator, the left
side is for people who are not too
hasty and the right side is using for
people who are in a hurry, if we
are feeling in no hurry then when
the escalator ride on the right side
then do not be surprised if there is
a Japanese person who scold us.
2. It is quite unique to happen
when doing transactions in
supermarkets, if visitors want to
pay for their groceries, visitors can
not give money directly to the
cashier, there is a special container
located near the cashier that has
been prepared to put the money
we will pay, then cashier will take
the money we put in the container.
3. If you want to smoke, smoke in a place that has been provided, do not - once smoking in public places if you do not
want to be captured by the local government. This indiscriminate ban is seriously undertaken in Japan, unlike in Indonesia
which already has regulations on smoking bans in public places but there are still many people who do such acts.
4. Do not run too slowly, in Japan the average of them has been accustomed to walking quickly, if they do not want to be
rebuked or hit by them then we must follow their speed path.
5. The riders must stop before the crossing and wait for pedestrians to cross until no one else crosses the road, and in
Japan there is no honking sound when they are waiting for pedestrians to cross the road.
City Planning
When we visited Japan and have the opportunity to climb high buildings such as Tokyo Sky Tree then we will be amazed by
the city's adopted by Tokyo, from above we can see how organized the buildings are.
In building the Japanese government city using monozukuri principle, monozukuri principle is the spirit of planning or
design to find solutions to problems faced as quickly, as accurately, and concretely as possible.
In addition to regular urban planning, in built a building is different from that in Indonesia, in Japan the building being built
is closed by something that prevents dust or materials from construction scattered and exposed to the public, and within
construction there are limits on the noise level generated, do not let the surrounding community is disturbed by the
construction activities that are being done.
Always On Time
On time culture is highly respected in Japan, it is several times I feel when heading to a restaurant that has been on our
reserved, suppose we order for 18:00 until 19:00, then if we come late for example at 18.30 then our time to eat at the
restaurant only half hour left, not one hour, it is because to honored guests who have booked at 19:00 o’clock, if we are
late to come then it's our own fault and not a restaurant that should replace the mistakes that we make.
culture on time was very felt by me when the bus driver who served to drive us for 5 days never been late even for one
time.
RECOMMENDATION
For the Central and Regional Governments to:
1. Establish a policy on urban hygiene and order and ensure that the policy runs by providing adequate facilities and
sanctions applied if there are violations.
2. Make a limit of vehicles sales and provide convenient transportation for the community, plus a decent sidewalk for
pedestrians so that the people of Indonesia have a love to walk culture.
COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS REPORT
About 20 years ago, the Japanese has not do sorted waste. In the 1960 until 1970, Japanese were still low concerning the
issue of waste management. At that time, Japan become an industrial country, so they are not too concerned about
environmental problems. The biggest example of such concern is when Minamata contamination cases happen, that cases
happen because of Chisso Minamata plant dispose mercury wastes into the oceans and contaminates fish and other
marine products. The fishermen and local people who eat fish from the sea around Minamata become victims. In 2001,
more than 1,700 people died as a result of the tragedy.
In the 60s and 70s, pollution cases and environmental pollution became part of the growing Japanese industry. In the city
of Tokyo itself, waste and household waste becomes a major problem for the environment and disrupt the lives of citizens
of Tokyo.
It was only in the mid-1970 began appear the movement of environmental community or "chonaikai" in various cities in
Japan. The community raises citizen awareness about how to dispose of garbage and sorting out the waste, so it can
make waste processing easier. They are introduced a 3R or Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle theme. Reduce garbage disposal,
Reuse, and Recycle.
The movement continues to grow, supported by various layers of society in Japan. Although the environmental care
movement in the community is growing rapidly, the Japanese government does not yet have a law regulating waste
management. For the government at that time, environmental issues have not been a priority.
Only about 20 years later, after seeing positive developments and great support from all Japanese society, the Law on
waste processing passed the Japanese Parliament. In June 2000, the Law on the Recycled Oriented Society of Japan was
approved by the Japanese parliament, the Basic Law for the Promotion of the Formation of Recycling Oriented Society.
Previously, in 1997, the Recycling Package or "Containers and Packaging Recycle Law" was first approved by Parliament.
There are at least three secrets of Japanese success in handling household waste. First, the high priority of the community
in the recycling program. Almost all Japanese people understand the importance of recycling waste management.
To build that awareness, community groups such as "chonaikai" conduct environmental awareness campaigns in various
walks of life. Several volunteers have actively come down to housing to monitor garbage disposal, and dialogue with
residents on how to handle the waste.
Secondly, the emergence of social pressure from Japanese society if we do not throw garbage in place. Shame is the key to
waste effectiveness in Japan, even a drunken person can still dump the garbage in its place.
Third, a massive and aggressive educational program is done from an early age. Children in Japan, since grade 3
elementary school has been trained how to dispose of waste according to its kind. It builds a waste disposal culture that
can be embedded in the subconscious. Disposing of waste by type has become "habit".
Initially, resistance came from some circles about the change of way to dispose of this garbage. Many residents, especially
elderly people, are protesting against new ways of handling garbage, because it is considered troublesome. But with
continuous explanations and information about the benefits of garbage disposal, the resistance diminishes by itself.
The waste processing system in Japan is conducted in a hierarchical model, from district to provincial level. As a result,
every city, district, and district can have different systems altogether. Including Tokyo with its 23 districts.
Tokyo is a modern prefecture, most of 23 city in Tokyo prefecture already has a modern waste treatment plant, based on
official website of 23 Clean Authority of Tokyo, there are 21 Incineration Plants:
Facilities name
Location
Chuo Incineration Plant
〒104-0053 5-2-1, Harumi, Chuo-ku
Minato Incineration Plant
Kita Incineration Plant
〒108-0075 5-7-1, Kounan, Minato-ku
〒115-0042 1-2-36, Shimo, Kita-ku
Shinagawa Incineration Plant
Meguro Incineration Plant
Ota Incineration Plant
〒140-0003 1-4-1, Yashio, Shinagawa-ku
(among Plant remodeling)
〒143-0003 3-6-1, Keihinjima, Ota-ku
Tamagawa Incineration Plant
Setagaya Incineration Plant
Chitose Incineration Plant
〒157-0074 1-1-1, Okura, Setagaya-ku
〒156-0056 2-7-1, Hachimanyama, Setagaya-ku
Shibuya Incineration Plant
〒150-0011 1-35-1, Higashi, Shibuya-ku
Suginami Incineration Plant
Toshima Incineration Plant
Itabashi Incineration Plant
Nerima Incineration Plant
(among Plant remodeling)
〒170-0012 2-5-1, Kamiikebukuro, Toshima-ku
〒175-0082 9-48-1, Takashimadaira, Itabashi-ku
〒177-0032 6-10-11, Yahara, Nerima-ku
Hikarigaoka Incineration Plant
Sumida Incineration Plant
(among Plant remodeling)
〒136-0081 3-1-1, Yumenoshima, Koutou-ku
〒135-0063 2-3-10, Ariake, Koutou-ku
Adachi Incineration Plant
〒131-0042 1-10-23, Higashisumida, Sumida-ku
Shin-Kōtō Incineration Plant
Ariake Incineration Plant
〒146-0092 2-33-1, Shimomaruko, Ota-ku
〒121-0812 4-7-1, Nishihokima, Adachi-ku
Katsushika Incineration Plant
Edogawa Incineration Plant
〒125-0032 1-20-1, Mizumoto, Katsushika-ku
〒132-0013 2-10, Edogawa, Edogawa-ku
Shin-Kōtō Incineration Plant is one of 21 incineration plants located in Tokyo prefecture and includes the largest of the 21
incineration plants. The output from Shin-Kōtō incineration plant activity is a vapor for Tokyo international swimming pool
and hot water for Tokyo sport culture building.
In Japan, waste is divided into
several criteria based on
policy from the region, these
criteria are very important
which will be useful for
sorting out the types of waste
that will be processed in the
incineration plant. Each
incineration plant has its own
work area, for the Shin-Kōtō
incineration plant to have
areas to collect garbage just
inside Kōtō City, the garbage
disposed
of
by
the
community will be collected
by garbage trucks operating
in Kōtō. Then the waste is
transferred
into
the
incineration plant, the waste
is divided into 3, combustible
waste, incombustible waste,
and large-sized waste.
The success of the presence
of incineration plant occurs
because Japanese society is
very orderly in disposing of garbage, and disposed waste is sorted according to existing criteria. The existence of this
incineration plant supports 3R program that is Reuse, Reduce, and Recycle.
Examples of activities from reuse, reduce, and recycle such as:
Reuse :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Choose containers, bags or objects that can be used multiple times or repeatedly. For example, use a cloth napkin
instead of a tissue, using a rechargeable battery.
Reuse the empty container or packaging for the same function or other functions. For example, use drink bottles
used to be a place of cooking oil.
Use electronic storage tools that can be erased and rewritten.
Use the blank side of the paper to write.
Use email to send mail.
Sell or dispose garbage to those in need
Reduce :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Choose a product with recyclable packaging.
Avoid wearing and buying products that generate large amounts of waste.
Use refillable products. For example stationery that can be refilled again).
Maximize the use of electronic storage devices that can be erased and rewritten.
Reduce use of disposable materials.
Use both sides of paper for writing and photocopying.
Avoid buying and using items that are less necessary.
Recycle :
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select products and packaging that can be recycled and easily decomposes.
Waste paper into paper or cardboard again.
Perform organic waste processing into compost.
Perform non-organic waste processing into useful items.
For garbage that sent to incineration plant means supporting recycle program, where the waste sent to the incineration
plant will be processed to become a plastic seed which can be processed into goods that have value for use.
In carrying out its activities, Shin-Kōtō Incineration Plant should give an attention to its assets, the attention that can be
given by applying the concept of asset management in managing assets owned. The purpose of applying asset
management is to have assets that can provide optimal benefits to the company, there are 5 things to note in the
implementation of asset management :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Assets Inventory
Legal Audit
Valuation
Optimization of Assets
Supervision and Control
Japan is a developed country that has use technology in every aspect of their life, Implementation asset inventory in
Japan must have used technology in the process. In the implementation of asset inventory in Japan most likely already
using asset management systems that have been computerized and have a excellent database.
Assets inventory is an activity consisting of two aspects, namely physical inventory and juridical / legal. Physical aspects
consist of shape, area, location, volume / number, type, address and others. And the other aspects is a juridical aspects,
juridical aspects like the status of mastery, legal issues owned, and limit of mastery.
The purpose of an asset inventory is to:
1.
2.
3.
Creating orderly administration
Asset Security
Control and supervision of assets
The benefits of doing an asset inventory are:
1.
2.
3.
Having a quality database
Knowing the use and utilization of assets
Facilitate monitoring
4.
5.
Assist the other party in asset management, such as for asset maintenance
Improve security in terms of physical and legal audits
The data characteristics of each object that should be recorded in each asset inventory must include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Type of Assets
Specifications
Amount
Asset location
Sources of asset funds
Purchase Date
Purchase Price
Current condition of the asset
Possible asset changes in the future
An asset inventory is an essential element when it comes to optimizing asset usage, when the asset owner expects his
assets to be of optimal benefit an inventory asset is required to enable the owner to know the location, age, and condition
of the asset.
For an asset inventory at the Shin-Kōtō incineration plant it seems to be working well, it can be seen from the optimal
operation and activity of the incineration plant from its inception until today. By routinely performing an asset inventory,
it will know the condition of the assets owned, by knowing the condition of the asset, the owner can adjust the
appropriate action for the asset, whether it will be maximally utilized or it may actually need rejuvenation or even
replacement.
Asset inventory system at the Shin-Kōtō incineration plant is good, also seen from the no asset placed at one point, where
the asset store in one point is usually due to the assets being unusable or the value is not optimal. The accumulation of
assets occurs due to the lack of updates of the information in the asset inventory, if the asset inventory has been done
well then the economic life of the asset can be predicted so that when the economic value of the asset will be exhausted
the removal process will not cause the accumulation of assets at one point.
RECOMMENDATION
Looking at the process of forming "habit" of waste processing in Japan, Indonesia can imitate Japan. Awareness of waste
and the environment in Japan has only grown in the last few decades. This means it does not happen by default in
Japanese society, but done by design by forming habit or habit through education.
Therefore, efforts to build public awareness through various environmental campaigns by environmental care
communities need to be improved.
Indonesia should imitate the way that chonaikai did in Japan 30 years ago. Although the Japanese government has not
supported and moved, they have not given up. For 20 years, the community has consistently gained sympathy and thrived
until it can instead put social pressure on the government.
Another step is to create an educational program for every element of society. Various brochures and information are
made for schoolchildren so the habit of disposing of garbage is formed from childhood. On the other hand, parents should
also set an example. This is very important, because children imitate what the parents do.
With these things, eventually the government will inevitably support the environmental care movement. And if so, the
Law is made not to regulate, but only formalize the reality that has occurred in the community.
No wonder, the more advanced a country, the fewer the rules. In Japan, I rarely see the words "Please do not litter"
because without that attention, people have already dumped the garbage in its place.
After the waste management in Indonesia has been going well and orderly then Indonesia has been allowed to think about
the manufacture of waste processing plants, because to be able to run the waste processing properly should be sourced
from the garbages that has been sorted before, if the garbage disposed by the community has not been sorted It will make
the processing of waste becomes longer .
In Indonesia there is no area that has modern waste processing, it is something that does not make sense considering
Indonesia has been independent for more than 70 years, so with this author recommends:
1.
2.
3.
Government that has problem with rubbish (like Jakarta and Bandung) to conduct study of waste processing
development
The study conducted not only in terms of business, because the waste processing site has an impact on social
aspects of society.
Make a collaboration with private company or state corporation with Business to Government mechanism to
build waste processing plant in Indonesia
Before do that, the Government of Indonesia should do things like:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Increasing public awareness about the importance of waste management.
Working with social organizations related to waste management.
Supports every social organization activity related to waste management.
Establish regulations on waste management and the environment.
REFERENCES
Siregar, Doli D.2004.Manajemen Aset.Jakarta.Gramedia Pustaka Utama
Sugiama, A Gima (2013), Manajemen Aset Pariwisata, Guardaya Intimarta, Bandung
https://alamendah.org
http://olahsampah.com
http://pemudatataruang.org/index.php/publikasi/artikel/113-prinsip-monozukiri-dalam-pembangunan-di-jepangjenesys
http://pestleanalysis.com
http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings
http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3001.html
http://www.union.tokyo23-seisou.lg.jp.e.de.hp.transer.com/kojo/index.html