Hubungan Berhenti Menggunakan Ganja dengan Xerostomia di Panti Sosial Pamardi Putra Insyaf Medan Tahun 2016
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Sholihah Q. Efektivitas program P4GN terhadap pencegahan penyalahgunaan
NAPZA. KEMAS 2013; 9(1): 153-9.
2. Republik Indonesia. Undang-undang no.35 tentang narkotika. Lembaran negara
RI
tahun
2009,
No.143.
Sekretariat
Negara.
Jakarta.
http://www.bnn.go.id/portal/_uploads/perundangan/2009/10/27/uu-nomor-35
tahun-2009-tentang-narkotika-ok.pdf. (14 januari 2016).
3. Lestari SI. Strategi badan narkotika nasional Kota Samarinda dalam
menanggulangi penggunaan narkoba di Kelurahan Sungai Pinang dalam Kota
Samarinda. EJournal Ilmu Pemerintahan 2013; 1(2): 1-15.
4. Drug Enforcement Administration. Drugs of abuse. U.S, 2015: 72-5.
5. Kalant H, Waller AJP. Clearing the smoke on cannabis—medical use of cannabis
and cannabinoids. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse 2014: 1-12.
6. National Intitute on Drug Abuse. Marijuana abuse. United State, 2012: 1-16.
7. Tim Visi Media. Mengenal jenis dan efek buruk narkoba. Edisi 1. Tangerang:
Visimedia, 2006: 31-4.
8. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World drug report 2014. New York:
United Nations, 2014: 2-3, 39-41.
9. Badan Narkotika Nasional. Jurnal data pencegahan dan pemberantasan
penyalahgunaan dan peredaran gelap narkoba (P4GN) tahun 2014. Jakarta, 2015:
4, 89.
10. Badan Narkotika Nasional. Laporan akhir survei perkembangan penyalahguna
narkoba di Indonesia tahun anggaran 2014. Jakarta, 2015: 23, 64.
11. Cho CM, Hirsch R, Johnstone S. General and oral health implications of cannabis
use. Aus Dent J 2005; 50(2): 70-4.
12. Ashton, Heather. Pharmacology and effect of cannabis: a brief review. Br J
Psychiatry 2001; 178: 101-6.
13. Karila L, Roux P, Rolland B, et al. Acute and long-term effects of cannabis use: a
review. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20(00): 1-7.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
14. Rawal SY, Tatakis DN, Tipton DA. Periodontal and oral manifestations of
marijuana use. J Tenn Dent Assoc 2011; 92(2): 26-31.
15. Versteeg PA, Slot DE, Velden UVD, Weijden GAVD. Effect of cannabis usage
on the oral environment: a review. Int J Dent Hygiene 2008; 6: 315-20.
16. Wenche S, Borgnakke, George W, et al. Dry mouth (xerostomia): diagnosis,
causes, complications, and treatment. Delta Dental 2011: 1-27.
17. Veitz-Keenan A, Ferraiolo D. Cannabis use and xerostomia. Dimensions of dental
hygiene 2011; 9(11): 65-7.
18. Schulzkatterbach M, Imfelt T, Imfelt C. Cannabis and caries – does regular
cannabis use increase the risk of caries in cigarette smokers. Schweiz Monatschr
Zahnmed. 2009; 119: 576-83.
19. Lee D, Schroeder JR, Karschner EL, et al. Cannabis withdrawal in chronic,
frequent cannabis smokers during sustained abstinence within a closed residential
environment. Am J Addict. 2014; 23(3): 234–242.
20. Ware MA, Rueda S, Singer J, Kilby D. Cannabis use by persons living with
HIV/AIDS: patterns and prevalence of use. Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics
2003; 3(2): 3-15.
21. Meyer JS, Quenzer LF. Psychopharmacology drugs, the brain, and behavior. 2nd
ed. USA: Sinauer Associates, 2013: 402-3, 416.
22. Bartholomew J. The effect of cannabis use on prospective memory processes in
young adults. Tesis. London: Universitas Northumbria, 2011: 1-2.
23. Joewana S. Gangguan mental dan perilaku akibat penggunaan zat psikoaktif.
Edisi 2. Jakarta: EGC, 2004: 7-8.
24. Iversen, L. The science of marijuana. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000:
4-18, 29-71, 207-31.
25. Earleywine, Mitch. Understanding marijuana. London: Oxford University Press,
2002: 122-65.
26. Australian Crime Commission. Illicit drug data report 2013–14. Australia: The
Australian Institute of Criminology, 2014: 57-8.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
27. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Terminology and information on
drugs. 2nd ed. New York: United Nations, 2003: 4-8.
28. Grotenhermen F. Cannabis as medicine mini-review cannabinoids and the
endocannabinoid system. Cannabinoids 2006; 1(1): 10-4.
29. Maloney, William. Significance of cannabis use to dental practice. N Y State
Dent J 2011; 77(3): 36-9.
30. Aldington S, Harwood M, Cox B, et al. Cannabis Use and Risk of Lung cancer: a
case-control study. Eur Respir J. 2008; 31(2): 280-6.
31. Simkin P, Whalley J, Keppler A. Paduan lengkap kehamilan, melahirkan, dan
bayi. Edisi revisi. Arcan, 2010: 95.
32. Santrock JW. Perkembangan remaja. Alih bahasa: Adelar SB, Saragih S. Jakarta:
Erlangga, 2003: 512.
33. Ditmyer M, Demopoulos C, McClain M, Dounis G, Mobley C. The effect of
tobacco and marijuana use on dental health status in nevada adolescents: a trend
analysis. J Adolesc Health 2013; 52(5): 641-8.
34. Thomson WM, Poulton R, Broadbent JM, et al. Cannabis smoking and
periodontal disease among young adults. JAMA 2008; 299(5): 525-31.
35. Hurlbutt M, Novy B, Young D. Dental caries: a pH-mediated disease. Can Dent
Hyg J 2010; 25(1): 9-15.
36. Lemaster M, Maready A. Oral health risks among college students. Dimensions of
Dental Hygiene 2014; 12(7): 55-59.
37. Scully C, Felix DH. Dry mouth and disorders of salivation. British Dental Journal
2005; 199(7): 423-7.
38. Stipetic MM. Xerostomia-diagnosis and treatment. Rad 514 Medical Sciences
2012; 38: 69-81.
39. Lubis S, Tarigan RN, Lubis I. Penyakit-penyakit kelenjar ludah. Medan: USU
Press, 2011: 9-19, 84-92.
40. Scully C, Almeida OPD, Bagan J, Dios PD, Taylor AM. Oral medicine and
pathology at a glance. 1st ed. USA: Wiley BlackWell, 2010: 76.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
41. Sultana N, Sham ME. Xerostomia: an overview. International Journal of Dental
Clinic 2011; 3(2): 58-61.
42. Fox PC, Ship JA. Salivary gland diseases. In: Greenberg MS, Glick M, Ship JA,
eds. Burket’s oral medicine. 11th ed. India: BC Decker Inc, 2008: 191-5, 205,
214-5.
43. Benn A. Xerostomia among adult New Zealanders: a national survey. Thesis.
New Zealand: University of Otago, 2012: 1-27.
44. Hasibuan S. Keluhan mulut kering ditinjau dari faktor penyebab manifestasi dan
penanggulannya. http://library.usu.ac.id/download/fkg/fkg-sayuti.pdf (12 januari
2016)
45. Manurung AKW, wibisono G. Pengaruh xerostomia terhadap kesehatan gigi dan
mulut terkait kualitas hidup pada usila. Jurnal Media Medika Muda 2012:1-16.
46. Sreebny LM, Vissink A. Dry mouth the malevolent symptom: a clinical guide.
Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010: 64-68,176-7.
47. Yunus B. Efek samping terapi radiasi penderita kanker kepala dan leher pada
kelenjar saliva. Dentofasial 2008; 7(1): 57-62.
48. Dyasanoor S, Saddu SC. Association of xerostomia and assessment of salivary
flow using modified schirmer test among smokers and healthy individuals: a
preliminutesary study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2014; 8(1):
211-3.7
49. Osailan S, Pramanik R, Shirodaria S, Challacombe SJ, Proctor GB. Investigating
the relationship between hyposalivation and mucosal wetness. Oral Diseases.
2011 Jan; 17(1): 109-114.
50. Naresh Y, Kiranmayi VS, Bitla AR, Siva Kumar V, Srinivasa Rao PVLN. Saliva
as an emerging diagnostic biological fluid. J Clin Sci Res 2013; 2: 243-4.
51. Almeida PV, Gegio AMT, Machado MANM, De Lima AAS, Azevedo LR. Saliva
composition and functions: a comprehensive review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008;
9(3): 1-8.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
52. Woyceichoski IEC, Costa CH, de Araujo CM, et al. Salivary buffer capacity, pH,
and stimulated flow rate of crack cocaine users. J Investig Clin Dent 2013; 4:
160- 3.
53. Sherwood L. Fisiologi manusia. Alih bahasa. Pendit BU. Jakarta: EGC, 1996:
196-209, 537-48.
54. Milman G, Schwope DM, Gorelick DA, Huestis MA. Cannabinoids and
metabolites in expectorated oral fluid following controlled smoked cannabis. Clin
Chim Acta 2012; 413(7-8): 765-70.
55. Pacher P, Batkai S, Kunos G. The endocannabinoid system as an emerging target
of pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2006; 58: 389–462.
56. Ekstrom J, Khosravani N, Castagnola M, Messana I. Saliva and the control of its
secretion. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 62: 95–9.
57. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian klinis. Edisi 4.
Jakarta: Sagung Seto, 2011: 99, 131.
58. Riyanto A. Aplikasi metodologi penelitian kesehatan. Edisi 2. Yogyakarta: Nuha
Medika, 2011: 108-9.
59. Kartika A, Ablisar M, Marlina, Ikhsan E. Aplikasi kebijakan hukum pidana
terhadap pelaksanaan rehabilitasi pecandu dalam tindak pidana narkotika. USU
Law Journal 2015; 3(1): 44-55.
60. Santrock, JW. 2002. Perkembangan masa hidup. Alih bahasa. Chusairi A,
Damanik J. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2002: 22-3.
61. Ialomiteanu AR, Hamilton HA, Adlaf EM, Mann RE. CAMH monitor eReport:
substance use, mental health and well-being among ontario adults, 1977-2013.
Toronto, 2014: 102.
62. Purnomowardani AD, Koentjoro. Penyingkapan-diri, perilaku seksual, dan
penyalahgunaan narkoba. Jurnal Psikologi 2000; (1): 60-72.
63. Isnaini Y, Hariyono W, Utami IK. Hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan
keinginan untuk sembuh pada penyalahguna NAPZA di lembaga pemasyarakatan
Wirogunan Kota Yogyakarta. Kes Mas 2011; 5(2): 162-232.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
64. Badan Narkotika Nasional. Survei nasional perkembangan penyalahgunaan
narkoba di Indonesia. Jakarta, 2011: 21.
65. Prestifilippo JP, Solari JF, Cal CDL, et al. Inhibition of salivary secretion by
activation of cannabinoid receptors. Exp Biol Med 2006; (231): 1421-9.
66. Gonzalez R. Acute and non-acute effects of cannabis on brain functioning and
neuropsychological performance. Neuropsychol Rev 2007; 17(3): 347-61.
67. Meier MH, Caspi A, Ambler A, et al. Persistent cannabis users show
neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
2012; 109(40): 1-8.
68. Crean RD, Crane NA, Mason BJ. An evidence-based review of acute and longterm effects of cannabis use on executive cognitive functions. J Addict Med 2011;
5: 1-8.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1. Sholihah Q. Efektivitas program P4GN terhadap pencegahan penyalahgunaan
NAPZA. KEMAS 2013; 9(1): 153-9.
2. Republik Indonesia. Undang-undang no.35 tentang narkotika. Lembaran negara
RI
tahun
2009,
No.143.
Sekretariat
Negara.
Jakarta.
http://www.bnn.go.id/portal/_uploads/perundangan/2009/10/27/uu-nomor-35
tahun-2009-tentang-narkotika-ok.pdf. (14 januari 2016).
3. Lestari SI. Strategi badan narkotika nasional Kota Samarinda dalam
menanggulangi penggunaan narkoba di Kelurahan Sungai Pinang dalam Kota
Samarinda. EJournal Ilmu Pemerintahan 2013; 1(2): 1-15.
4. Drug Enforcement Administration. Drugs of abuse. U.S, 2015: 72-5.
5. Kalant H, Waller AJP. Clearing the smoke on cannabis—medical use of cannabis
and cannabinoids. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse 2014: 1-12.
6. National Intitute on Drug Abuse. Marijuana abuse. United State, 2012: 1-16.
7. Tim Visi Media. Mengenal jenis dan efek buruk narkoba. Edisi 1. Tangerang:
Visimedia, 2006: 31-4.
8. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World drug report 2014. New York:
United Nations, 2014: 2-3, 39-41.
9. Badan Narkotika Nasional. Jurnal data pencegahan dan pemberantasan
penyalahgunaan dan peredaran gelap narkoba (P4GN) tahun 2014. Jakarta, 2015:
4, 89.
10. Badan Narkotika Nasional. Laporan akhir survei perkembangan penyalahguna
narkoba di Indonesia tahun anggaran 2014. Jakarta, 2015: 23, 64.
11. Cho CM, Hirsch R, Johnstone S. General and oral health implications of cannabis
use. Aus Dent J 2005; 50(2): 70-4.
12. Ashton, Heather. Pharmacology and effect of cannabis: a brief review. Br J
Psychiatry 2001; 178: 101-6.
13. Karila L, Roux P, Rolland B, et al. Acute and long-term effects of cannabis use: a
review. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20(00): 1-7.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
14. Rawal SY, Tatakis DN, Tipton DA. Periodontal and oral manifestations of
marijuana use. J Tenn Dent Assoc 2011; 92(2): 26-31.
15. Versteeg PA, Slot DE, Velden UVD, Weijden GAVD. Effect of cannabis usage
on the oral environment: a review. Int J Dent Hygiene 2008; 6: 315-20.
16. Wenche S, Borgnakke, George W, et al. Dry mouth (xerostomia): diagnosis,
causes, complications, and treatment. Delta Dental 2011: 1-27.
17. Veitz-Keenan A, Ferraiolo D. Cannabis use and xerostomia. Dimensions of dental
hygiene 2011; 9(11): 65-7.
18. Schulzkatterbach M, Imfelt T, Imfelt C. Cannabis and caries – does regular
cannabis use increase the risk of caries in cigarette smokers. Schweiz Monatschr
Zahnmed. 2009; 119: 576-83.
19. Lee D, Schroeder JR, Karschner EL, et al. Cannabis withdrawal in chronic,
frequent cannabis smokers during sustained abstinence within a closed residential
environment. Am J Addict. 2014; 23(3): 234–242.
20. Ware MA, Rueda S, Singer J, Kilby D. Cannabis use by persons living with
HIV/AIDS: patterns and prevalence of use. Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics
2003; 3(2): 3-15.
21. Meyer JS, Quenzer LF. Psychopharmacology drugs, the brain, and behavior. 2nd
ed. USA: Sinauer Associates, 2013: 402-3, 416.
22. Bartholomew J. The effect of cannabis use on prospective memory processes in
young adults. Tesis. London: Universitas Northumbria, 2011: 1-2.
23. Joewana S. Gangguan mental dan perilaku akibat penggunaan zat psikoaktif.
Edisi 2. Jakarta: EGC, 2004: 7-8.
24. Iversen, L. The science of marijuana. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000:
4-18, 29-71, 207-31.
25. Earleywine, Mitch. Understanding marijuana. London: Oxford University Press,
2002: 122-65.
26. Australian Crime Commission. Illicit drug data report 2013–14. Australia: The
Australian Institute of Criminology, 2014: 57-8.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
27. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Terminology and information on
drugs. 2nd ed. New York: United Nations, 2003: 4-8.
28. Grotenhermen F. Cannabis as medicine mini-review cannabinoids and the
endocannabinoid system. Cannabinoids 2006; 1(1): 10-4.
29. Maloney, William. Significance of cannabis use to dental practice. N Y State
Dent J 2011; 77(3): 36-9.
30. Aldington S, Harwood M, Cox B, et al. Cannabis Use and Risk of Lung cancer: a
case-control study. Eur Respir J. 2008; 31(2): 280-6.
31. Simkin P, Whalley J, Keppler A. Paduan lengkap kehamilan, melahirkan, dan
bayi. Edisi revisi. Arcan, 2010: 95.
32. Santrock JW. Perkembangan remaja. Alih bahasa: Adelar SB, Saragih S. Jakarta:
Erlangga, 2003: 512.
33. Ditmyer M, Demopoulos C, McClain M, Dounis G, Mobley C. The effect of
tobacco and marijuana use on dental health status in nevada adolescents: a trend
analysis. J Adolesc Health 2013; 52(5): 641-8.
34. Thomson WM, Poulton R, Broadbent JM, et al. Cannabis smoking and
periodontal disease among young adults. JAMA 2008; 299(5): 525-31.
35. Hurlbutt M, Novy B, Young D. Dental caries: a pH-mediated disease. Can Dent
Hyg J 2010; 25(1): 9-15.
36. Lemaster M, Maready A. Oral health risks among college students. Dimensions of
Dental Hygiene 2014; 12(7): 55-59.
37. Scully C, Felix DH. Dry mouth and disorders of salivation. British Dental Journal
2005; 199(7): 423-7.
38. Stipetic MM. Xerostomia-diagnosis and treatment. Rad 514 Medical Sciences
2012; 38: 69-81.
39. Lubis S, Tarigan RN, Lubis I. Penyakit-penyakit kelenjar ludah. Medan: USU
Press, 2011: 9-19, 84-92.
40. Scully C, Almeida OPD, Bagan J, Dios PD, Taylor AM. Oral medicine and
pathology at a glance. 1st ed. USA: Wiley BlackWell, 2010: 76.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
41. Sultana N, Sham ME. Xerostomia: an overview. International Journal of Dental
Clinic 2011; 3(2): 58-61.
42. Fox PC, Ship JA. Salivary gland diseases. In: Greenberg MS, Glick M, Ship JA,
eds. Burket’s oral medicine. 11th ed. India: BC Decker Inc, 2008: 191-5, 205,
214-5.
43. Benn A. Xerostomia among adult New Zealanders: a national survey. Thesis.
New Zealand: University of Otago, 2012: 1-27.
44. Hasibuan S. Keluhan mulut kering ditinjau dari faktor penyebab manifestasi dan
penanggulannya. http://library.usu.ac.id/download/fkg/fkg-sayuti.pdf (12 januari
2016)
45. Manurung AKW, wibisono G. Pengaruh xerostomia terhadap kesehatan gigi dan
mulut terkait kualitas hidup pada usila. Jurnal Media Medika Muda 2012:1-16.
46. Sreebny LM, Vissink A. Dry mouth the malevolent symptom: a clinical guide.
Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010: 64-68,176-7.
47. Yunus B. Efek samping terapi radiasi penderita kanker kepala dan leher pada
kelenjar saliva. Dentofasial 2008; 7(1): 57-62.
48. Dyasanoor S, Saddu SC. Association of xerostomia and assessment of salivary
flow using modified schirmer test among smokers and healthy individuals: a
preliminutesary study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2014; 8(1):
211-3.7
49. Osailan S, Pramanik R, Shirodaria S, Challacombe SJ, Proctor GB. Investigating
the relationship between hyposalivation and mucosal wetness. Oral Diseases.
2011 Jan; 17(1): 109-114.
50. Naresh Y, Kiranmayi VS, Bitla AR, Siva Kumar V, Srinivasa Rao PVLN. Saliva
as an emerging diagnostic biological fluid. J Clin Sci Res 2013; 2: 243-4.
51. Almeida PV, Gegio AMT, Machado MANM, De Lima AAS, Azevedo LR. Saliva
composition and functions: a comprehensive review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008;
9(3): 1-8.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
52. Woyceichoski IEC, Costa CH, de Araujo CM, et al. Salivary buffer capacity, pH,
and stimulated flow rate of crack cocaine users. J Investig Clin Dent 2013; 4:
160- 3.
53. Sherwood L. Fisiologi manusia. Alih bahasa. Pendit BU. Jakarta: EGC, 1996:
196-209, 537-48.
54. Milman G, Schwope DM, Gorelick DA, Huestis MA. Cannabinoids and
metabolites in expectorated oral fluid following controlled smoked cannabis. Clin
Chim Acta 2012; 413(7-8): 765-70.
55. Pacher P, Batkai S, Kunos G. The endocannabinoid system as an emerging target
of pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2006; 58: 389–462.
56. Ekstrom J, Khosravani N, Castagnola M, Messana I. Saliva and the control of its
secretion. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 62: 95–9.
57. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian klinis. Edisi 4.
Jakarta: Sagung Seto, 2011: 99, 131.
58. Riyanto A. Aplikasi metodologi penelitian kesehatan. Edisi 2. Yogyakarta: Nuha
Medika, 2011: 108-9.
59. Kartika A, Ablisar M, Marlina, Ikhsan E. Aplikasi kebijakan hukum pidana
terhadap pelaksanaan rehabilitasi pecandu dalam tindak pidana narkotika. USU
Law Journal 2015; 3(1): 44-55.
60. Santrock, JW. 2002. Perkembangan masa hidup. Alih bahasa. Chusairi A,
Damanik J. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2002: 22-3.
61. Ialomiteanu AR, Hamilton HA, Adlaf EM, Mann RE. CAMH monitor eReport:
substance use, mental health and well-being among ontario adults, 1977-2013.
Toronto, 2014: 102.
62. Purnomowardani AD, Koentjoro. Penyingkapan-diri, perilaku seksual, dan
penyalahgunaan narkoba. Jurnal Psikologi 2000; (1): 60-72.
63. Isnaini Y, Hariyono W, Utami IK. Hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan
keinginan untuk sembuh pada penyalahguna NAPZA di lembaga pemasyarakatan
Wirogunan Kota Yogyakarta. Kes Mas 2011; 5(2): 162-232.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
64. Badan Narkotika Nasional. Survei nasional perkembangan penyalahgunaan
narkoba di Indonesia. Jakarta, 2011: 21.
65. Prestifilippo JP, Solari JF, Cal CDL, et al. Inhibition of salivary secretion by
activation of cannabinoid receptors. Exp Biol Med 2006; (231): 1421-9.
66. Gonzalez R. Acute and non-acute effects of cannabis on brain functioning and
neuropsychological performance. Neuropsychol Rev 2007; 17(3): 347-61.
67. Meier MH, Caspi A, Ambler A, et al. Persistent cannabis users show
neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
2012; 109(40): 1-8.
68. Crean RD, Crane NA, Mason BJ. An evidence-based review of acute and longterm effects of cannabis use on executive cognitive functions. J Addict Med 2011;
5: 1-8.
Universitas Sumatera Utara