Penggunaan Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm&Panzer) Swingle) sebagai Asam pada Pembuatan Granul Effervescent Vitamin C
Lampiran 1. Gambar buah jeruk nipis
Gambar buah jeruk nipis
Gambar buah jeruk nipis 10 kg
36
Lampiran 2. Hasil uji identifikasi sampel
37
Lampiran 3. Bagan alir proses penyarian dan pengeringan sari buah
jeruk nipis
10 kg Buah
JerukNipis
- dicuci bersih
- dipotong menjadi dua bagian
- diperas menggunakan alat pemeras jeruk
Sari Buah
Ampas
Jeruk Nipis
- dikeringkan menggunakan Freeze Dryer
Sari Kental
- ditambahkan maltodekstrin sebanyak 5 bagian
- dikeringkan di lemari pengering
Serbuk Sari Buah
Jeruk Nipis
38
Lampiran 4. Gambar sari buah jeruk nipis dan serbuk sari buah jeruk nipis
Gambar sari buah jeruk nipis
Gambar serbuk sari buah jeruk nipis
39
Lampiran 5. Data dan perhitungan kadar vitamin C dari serbuk sari buah jeruk
nipis
Rumus Kesetaraan :
Kesetaraan =
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
Keterangan:
Va = Volume aliquot (ml)
W = Berat vitamin C (mg)
Vt = Volume titrasi (ml)
Vb = Volume blanko (ml)
Vc = Volume labu tentukur (ml)
Rumus Kadar Vitamin C :
Kadar vitamin C =
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
Keterangan:
Vt : Volume titrasi (ml)
Vb : Volume blanko (ml)
Vl : Volume labu tentukur (ml)
Vp : Volume pemipetan (ml)
Bs : Berat sampel (g)
Data Kesetaraan :
Volume
Berat
aliquot
vitamin C
(ml)
(mg)
2
50
Kesetaraan =
Kesetaraan =
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
11,1
10,6
11,3
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
2×50× 99,9�100
50×(11-0,1)
40
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
11
0,1
10,9
Lampiran 5. (Lanjutan)
1,998 mg
10,9 ml
mg
Kesetaraan = 0,183 �ml
Kesetaraan =
Data Kadar Vitamin C :
Volume
Berat
pemipetan
sampel
(ml)
(g)
2
0,2
Kadar vitamin C =
Kadar vitamin C =
Kadar vitamin C =
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
24,2
25,0
24,3
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
24,5
0,1
24,4
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
(24,5-0,1)×0,183
2×0,2
mg
�ml ×50
223,26
0,4
Kadar vitamin C = 558,15
mg
�g
Kadar vitamin C = 0,55815
mg
�g
41
Lampiran 6. Bagan alir proses pembuatan granul effervescent
Bagian Basa
Bagian Asam
- digerus sebagian laktosa
- digerus sebagian laktosa
- ditambah orange pasta
- ditambah orange pasta
- digerus sampai homogen
- digerus sampai homogen
- ditambahkan natrium bikarbonat
dan sebagian maltodekstrin
- ditambahkan serbuk sari
buah jeruk nipis dan
sebagian maltodekstrin
- dicampur hingga homogen
- dicampur hingga
homogen
- ditambahkan beberapa tetes
alkohol 96% sampai di dapat
konsistensi yang mudah dikepal
- ditambahkan beberapa tetes
alkohol 96% sampai di
dapat konsistensi yang
mudah dikepal
- massa diayak dengan ayakan 16 mesh
- massa diayak dengan
ayakan 16 mesh
- dikeringkan di lemari pengering
- dikeringkan di lemari
pengering
- diayak dengan 20 mesh
- diayak dengan 20 mesh
Bagian Basa + Bagian Asam
- ditambahkan vitamin C
- ditambahkan natrium metabisulfit
- ditambahkan PEG 6000
- diaduk sampai homogen
Granul Effervescent
42
Lampiran 7. Perhitungan bahan granul effervescent
R/
Vitamin C
500mg
Natrium Metabisulfit
0,1%
Natrium Bikarbonat
X
Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis
Y
Maltodekstrin
2%
Sakarin
1%
Orange Pasta
2%
PEG 6000
3%
Laktosa
q.s
Keterangan : X, Y perbandingan asam basa
•
Formula 1
Natrium bikarbonat 100 mg + Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis 100 mg
•
Formula 2
Natrium bikarbonat 100 mg + Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis 200 mg
•
Formula 3
Natrium bikarbonat 100 mg + Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis 300 mg
•
Formula 4
Natrium bikarbonat 200 mg + Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis 100 mg
•
Formula 5
Natrium bikarbonat 300 mg + Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis 100 mg
43
Lampiran 7. (Lanjutan)
I.
II.
Rencana Kerja
1. Berat 1 sachet
= 2000 mg
2. Metode
= Granulasi Kering
Perhitungan Bahan
1. Vitamin C
= 500 mg x 100 sachet = 50 gram
2. Natrium meta bisulfit
= 2 mg x 100 sachet
= 0,2 gram
3. Asam-Basa
a. Formula 1
•
•
Natrium bikarbonat
= 100 mg x 100 sachet = 10 gram
Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis
= 100 mg x 100 sachet = 10 gram
b. Formula 2
•
•
Natrium bikarbonat
= 100 mg x 100 sachet = 10 gram
Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis
= 200 mg x 100 sachet = 20 gram
c. Formula 3
•
•
Natrium bikarbonat
= 100 mg x 100 sachet = 10 gram
Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis
= 300 mg x 100 sachet = 30 gram
d. Formula 4
•
•
Natrium bikarbonat
= 200 mg x 100 sachet = 20 gram
Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis
= 100 mg x 100 sachet = 10 gram
e. Formula 5
•
•
Natrium bikarbonat
= 300 mg x 100 sachet = 30 gram
Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis
= 100 mg x 100 sachet = 10 gram
4. Maltodekstrin
= 40 mg x 100 sachet = 4 gram
44
Lampiran 7. (Lanjutan)
5. Sakarin
= 20 mg x 100 sachet = 2 gram
6. PEG 6000
= 60 mg x 100 sachet = 6 gram
7. Orange Pasta
= 40 mg x 100 sachet = 4 gram
8. Laktosa
•
•
•
•
•
Formula 1
= 1138 mg x 100 sachet
= 113,8 gram
Formula 2
= 1038 mg x 100 sachet
= 103,8 gram
Formula 3
= 938 mg x 100 sachet
= 93,8 gram
Formula 4
= 1038 mg x 100 sachet
= 103,8 gram
Formula 5
= 938 mg x 100 sachet
= 93,8 gram
45
Lampiran 8. Data dan perhitungan uji sudut diam
Rumus :
Tg Ɵ = 2h/d
Keterangan : Ɵ = sudut diam
h = tinggi kerucut (cm)
d = diameter (cm)
Formula 1
Uji ke-
Diameter (d)
Tinggi (h)
1
14,3
3,8
2
14,2
3,7
3
14,8
4,0
Rata-rata
14,43
3,83
Uji ke-
Diameter (d)
Tinggi (h)
1
13,8
3,6
2
14,5
3,4
3
14,0
3,4
Rata-rata
14,1
3,47
2h
d
2×3,83
Tg Ɵ =
14,43
Tg Ɵ =
Ɵ = arc tg 0,5308
Ɵ = 27,96°
Formula 2
2h
d
2×3,47
Tg Ɵ =
14,1
Tg Ɵ =
Ɵ = arc tg 0,4922
Ɵ = 26,21°
46
Lampiran 8. (Lanjutan)
Formula 3
Uji ke-
Diameter (d)
Tinggi (h)
1
13,2
3,9
2
13,7
4,1
3
13,1
3,8
Rata-rata
13,33
3,93
Uji ke-
Diameter (d)
Tinggi (h)
1
13,9
4,0
2
14,5
3,9
3
14,1
3,9
Rata-rata
14,17
3,93
2h
d
2×3,93
Tg Ɵ =
13,33
Tg Ɵ =
Ɵ = arc tg 0,5896
Ɵ = 30,52°
Formula 4
2h
d
2×3,93
Tg Ɵ =
14,17
Tg Ɵ =
Ɵ = arc tg 0,5547
Ɵ = 29,02°
47
Lampiran 8. (Lanjutan)
Formula 5
Uji ke-
Diameter (d)
Tinggi (h)
1
14,6
4,1
2
13,9
3,9
3
14,3
3,9
Rata-rata
14,27
3,97
2h
d
2×3,97
Tg Ɵ =
14,27
Tg Ɵ =
Ɵ = arc tg 0,5564
Ɵ = 29,09°
48
Lampiran 9. Data dan perhitungan uji indeks tap
Rumus :
Indeks tap =
V1 -V2
x 100%
V1
Keterangan : V1 = volume sebelum hentakan
V2 = volume setelah hentakan
Formula 1
Uji ke1
2
3
V1
24
23,75
23,75
Rata-rata
V2
20,75
21
20,5
Uji ke-1
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
Indeks Tap (%)
13,54
11,58
13,68
12,93
Uji ke-3
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
24-20,75
24
Indeks tap =
x 100%
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap = 13,54 %
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,75-20,5
23,75
x 100%
Indeks tap = 13,68 %
Uji ke-2
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,75-21
23,75
x 100%
Indeks tap = 11,58 %
Formula 2
Uji ke1
2
3
V1
23,75
23,5
23,5
Rata-rata
V2
18,75
19
19,25
49
Indeks Tap (%)
21,05
19,15
18,09
19,43
Lampiran 9. (Lanjutan)
Uji ke-1
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
Uji ke-3
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,75-18,75
23,75
Indeks tap =
x 100%
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap = 21,05 %
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,5-19,25
23,5
x 100%
Indeks tap = 18,09 %
Uji ke-2
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,5-19
23,5
x 100%
Indeks tap = 19,15 %
Formula 3
Uji ke1
2
3
V1
23,75
23,75
23,5
Rata-rata
V2
19,00
18,25
18,5
Uji ke-1
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
Uji ke-3
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,75-19,00
23,75
Indeks tap =
x 100%
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap = 20,00 %
Indeks tap =
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,75-18,25
23,75
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,5-18,5
23,5
x 100%
Indeks tap = 21,28 %
Uji ke-2
Indeks tap =
Indeks Tap (%)
20,00
23,16
21,28
21,48
x 100%
Indeks tap = 23,16 %
50
Lampiran 9. (Lanjutan)
Formula 4
Uji ke1
2
3
V1
23,75
23,5
24
Rata-rata
V2
19,5
19,5
19,5
Uji ke-1
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
Indeks Tap (%)
17,89
17,02
18,75
17,89
Uji ke-3
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,75-19,5
23,75
Indeks tap =
x 100%
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap = 17,89 %
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
24-19,5
24
x 100%
Indeks tap = 18,75 %
Uji ke-2
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,5-19,5
23,5
x 100%
Indeks tap = 17,02 %
Formula 5
Uji ke1
2
3
V1
24
23,75
23,75
Rata-rata
V2
19,75
21
20,5
Uji ke-1
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
Uji ke-3
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
24-19,75
24
Indeks tap =
x 100%
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap = 17,71 %
Indeks tap =
V1 -V2
V1
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,75-20,5
23,75
Indeks tap = 13,68 %
Uji ke-2
Indeks tap =
Indeks Tap (%)
17,71
11,58
13,68
14,32
x 100%
23,75-21
x 100%
23,75
Indeks tap = 11,58 %
51
x 100%
Lampiran 10. Data dan perhitungan uji kadar air
Rumus :
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
x 100%
berat awal
Formula 1
Uji ke1
2
3
Berat awal (g) Berat akhir (g)
14,210
14,200
14,275
14,275
14,232
14,232
Rata-rata
Uji ke-1
Kadar Air (%)
0,07
0
0
0,02
Uji ke-3
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
14,210-14,200
14,210
x 100%
Kadar air =
x 100%
Kadar air =
Kadar air = 0,07 %
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
14,232-14,232
14,232
x 100%
x 100%
Kadar air = 0 %
Uji ke-2
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
14,275-14,275
14,275
x 100%
x 100%
Kadar air = 0 %
Formula 2
Uji ke1
2
3
Berat awal (g) Berat akhir (g)
13,420
13,405
13,228
13,228
13,105
13,105
Rata-rata
Uji ke-1
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
Kadar Air (%)
0,11
0
0
0,04
Uji ke-2
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
13,420-13,405
13,420
x 100%
Kadar air =
x 100%
Kadar air =
Kadar air = 0,11 %
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
13,228-13,228
13,228
Kadar air = 0 %
52
x 100%
x 100%
Lampiran 10. (Lanjutan)
Uji ke-3
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
13,105-13,105
13,105
x 100%
x 100%
Kadar air = 0 %
Formula 3
Uji ke1
2
3
Berat awal (g) Berat akhir (g)
14,070
14,050
13,970
13,970
14,153
14,153
Rata-rata
Uji ke-1
Kadar Air (%)
0,14
0
0
0,05
Uji ke-3
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
14,070-14,050
14,070
x 100%
Kadar air =
x 100%
Kadar air =
Kadar air = 0,14 %
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
14,153-14,153
14,153
x 100%
x 100%
Kadar air = 0 %
Uji ke-2
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
13,970-13,970
13,970
x 100%
x 100%
Kadar air = 0 %
Formula 4
Uji ke1
2
3
Berat awal (g) Berat akhir (g)
14,010
13,985
14,015
14,000
13,971
13,957
Rata-rata
Uji ke-1
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
Kadar Air (%)
0,18
0,11
0,10
0,13
Uji ke-2
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
14,010-13,985
14,010
x 100%
Kadar air =
x 100%
Kadar air =
Kadar air = 0,18 %
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
14,015-14,000
14,015
Kadar air = 0,11 %
53
x 100%
x 100%
Lampiran 10. (Lanjutan)
Uji ke-3
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
13,971-13,957
13,971
x 100%
x 100%
Kadar air = 17,02 %
Formula 5
Uji ke1
2
3
Berat awal (g) Berat akhir (g)
21,280
21,250
21,280
21,260
21,177
21,160
Rata-rata
Uji ke-1
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
Uji ke-3
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
21,280-21,250
21,280
x 100%
Kadar air =
x 100%
Kadar air =
Kadar air = 0,14 %
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
21,280-21,260
21,280
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
21,177-21,160
21,177
Kadar air = 0,08 %
Uji ke-2
Kadar air =
Kadar Air (%)
0,14
0,09
0,08
0,11
x 100%
x 100%
Kadar air = 0,09 %
54
x 100%
x 100%
Lampiran 11. Data dan perhitungan uji kadar vitamin C dari granul effervescent
Rumus Kesetaraan :
Kesetaraan =
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
Keterangan:
Va = Volume aliquot (ml)
W = Berat vitamin C (mg)
Vt = Volume titrasi (ml)
Vb = Volume blanko (ml)
Vc = Volume labu tentukur (ml)
Rumus Kadar Vitamin C :
Kadar vitamin C =
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
Keterangan:
Vt : Volume titrasi (ml)
Vb : Volume blanko (ml)
Vl : Volume labu tentukur (ml)
Vp : Volume pemipetan (ml)
Bs : Berat sampel (g)
Formula 1
Data Kesetaraan :
Volume
Berat
aliquot
vitamin C
(ml)
(mg)
2
50
Kesetaraan =
Kesetaraan =
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
15,7
15
14,9
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
2×50× 99,9�100
50×(15,2-0,2)
55
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
15,2
0,2
15
Lampiran 11. (Lanjutan)
1,998 mg
15 ml
mg
Kesetaraan = 0,1332 �ml
Kesetaraan =
Data Kadar Vitamin C :
Volume
Berat
pemipetan
sampel
(ml)
(g)
2
0,2065
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
0,2
19,53
19,8 20,0 19,4 19,73
Kadar vitamin C secara praktek :
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
mg
(19,73-0,2)×0,1332 �ml ×50
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
2×0,2065
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
130,0698
0,413
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 314,94 �g
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 0,315 �mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
Kadar vitamin C secara teoritis :
2,72668 mg
8,26 mg
mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis = 0,3301
�mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis =
Kadar vitamin C :
Kadar vitamin C praktek
× 100%
Kadar vitamin C teoritis
mg
0,315 �mg
Kadar vitamin C =
× 100%
mg
0,3301
�mg
Kadar vitamin C =
Kadar vitamin C = 95,42 %
56
Lampiran 11. (Lanjutan)
Formula 2
Data Kesetaraan :
Volume
Berat
aliquot
vitamin C
(ml)
(mg)
2
50
Kesetaraan =
Kesetaraan =
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
15,7
15
14,9
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
15,2
0,2
15
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
2×50× 99,9�100
50×(15,2-0,2)
1,998 mg
15 ml
mg
Kesetaraan = 0,1332 �ml
Kesetaraan =
Data Kadar Vitamin C :
Volume
pemipetan
(ml)
Berat
sampel
(g)
2
0,206
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
Volume
Volume
blanko titrasi-volume
Rata(ml)
blanko (ml)
rata
20,2 19,9 20,1 20,07
0,2
Kadar vitamin C secara praktek :
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
mg
(20,07-0,2)×0,1332 �ml ×50
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
2×0,206
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
132,3342
0,412
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 321,2 �g
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 0,3212 �mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
57
19,87
Lampiran 11. (Lanjutan)
Kadar vitamin C secara teoritis :
2,7 mg
8,24 mg
mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis = 0,3277
�mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis =
Kadar vitamin C :
Kadar vitamin C praktek
× 100%
Kadar vitamin C teoritis
mg
0,3212 �mg
Kadar vitamin C =
× 100%
mg
0,3277
�mg
Kadar vitamin C =
Kadar vitamin C = 98,01 %
Formula 3
Data Kesetaraan :
Volume
Berat
aliquot
vitamin C
(ml)
(mg)
2
50
Kesetaraan =
Kesetaraan =
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
11,1
10,6
11,3
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
2×50× 99,9�100
50×(11-0,1)
1,998 mg
10,9 ml
mg
Kesetaraan = 0,183 �ml
Kesetaraan =
58
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
11
0,1
10,9
Lampiran 11. (Lanjutan)
Data Kadar Vitamin C :
Volume
Berat
pemipetan
sampel
(ml)
(g)
2
0,201
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
0,1
14,63
14,9 14,7 14,6 14,73
Kadar vitamin C secara praktek :
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
mg
(14,73-0,1)×0,183 �ml ×50
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
2×0,201
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
133,8645
0,402
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 332,9963 �g
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 0,333 �mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
Kadar vitamin C secara teoritis :
2,6653 mg
8,04 mg
mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis = 0,332
�mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis =
Kadar vitamin C :
Kadar vitamin C praktek
× 100%
Kadar vitamin C teoritis
mg
0,334 �mg
Kadar vitamin C =
× 100%
mg
0,332
�mg
Kadar vitamin C =
Kadar vitamin C = 100,60 %
59
Lampiran 11. (Lanjutan)
Formula 4
Data Kesetaraan :
Volume
Berat
aliquot
vitamin C
(ml)
(mg)
2
50
Kesetaraan =
Kesetaraan =
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
15,7
15
14,9
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
15,2
0,2
15
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
2×50× 99,9�100
50×(15,2-0,2)
1,998 mg
15 ml
mg
Kesetaraan = 0,1332 �ml
Kesetaraan =
Data Kadar Vitamin C :
Volume
pemipetan
(ml)
Berat
sampel
(g)
2
0,2065
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
Volume
Volume
blanko titrasi-volume
Rata(ml)
blanko (ml)
rata
19,7 19,7 19,5 19,63
0,2
Kadar vitamin C secara praktek :
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
mg
(19,63-0,2)×0,1332 �ml ×50
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
2×0,2065
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
129,4038
0,413
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 313,3264 �g
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 0,3133 �mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
60
19,43
Lampiran 11. (Lanjutan)
Kadar vitamin C secara teoritis :
2,7166 mg
8,26 mg
mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis = 0,3289
�mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis =
Kadar vitamin C :
Kadar vitamin C praktek
× 100%
Kadar vitamin C teoritis
mg
0,3133
�mg
Kadar vitamin C =
× 100%
mg
0,3289
�mg
Kadar vitamin C =
Kadar vitamin C = 95,26 %
Formula 5
Data Kesetaraan :
Berat
Volume
aliquot vitamin C
(ml)
(mg)
2
Kesetaraan =
Kesetaraan =
50
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
15,7
15
14,9
Volume
blanko
Rata(ml)
rata
15,2
0,2
Volume
titrasi-volume
blanko (ml)
15
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
2×50× 99,9�100
50×(15,2-0,2)
1,998 mg
15 ml
mg
Kesetaraan = 0,1332 �ml
Kesetaraan =
Data Kadar Vitamin C :
Volume
pemipetan
(ml)
Berat
sampel
(g)
2
0,2065
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
Volume
Volume
blanko titrasi-volume
Rata(ml)
blanko (ml)
rata
19,8 19,7 19,8 19,77
61
0,2
19,57
Lampiran 11. (Lanjutan)
Kadar vitamin C secara praktek :
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
mg
(19,77-0,2)×0,1332 �ml ×50
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
2×0,2065
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
130,3362
0,413
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 315,5840 �g
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 0,3156 �mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
Kadar vitamin C secara teoritis :
2,7226 mg
8,26 mg
mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis = 0,3296
�mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis =
Kadar vitamin C :
Kadar vitamin C praktek
× 100%
Kadar vitamin C teoritis
mg
0,3156
�mg
Kadar vitamin C =
× 100%
mg
0,3296
�mg
Kadar vitamin C =
Kadar vitamin C = 95,75 %
62
Lampiran 12. Gambar granul effervescent dan kemasan granul effervescent
Gambar sachet tanpa etiket
Gambar granul effervescent F1
Gambar granul effervescent F2
Gambar granul effervescent F3
Gambar granul effervescent F4
Gambar granul effervescent F5
63
Lampiran 12. (Lanjutan)
Gambar sachet dengan etiket (depan)
Gambar sachet dengan etiket (belakang)
64
Lampiran 13. Kuesioner uji kesukaan granul effervescent
Nama
:
Usia
:
Pekerjaan
:
Petunjuk
:
1. Anda akan menerima 5 (lima) sampel serbuk effervescent vitamin C
2. Larutkan serbuk tersebut ke dalam air putih yang telah tersedia
3. Amati dispersa yang terjadi, setelah selesai kemudian dicoba
4. Sebelum mencoba, netralkan mulut anda dengan meminum air putih yang
telah tersedia
5. Setelah mencoba formula 1, netralkan kembali mulut anda dengan air
putih untuk mencoba formula 2.
6. Setelah mencoba formula 2 netralkan kembali mulut anda dengan air putih
untuk mencoba formula 3. Begitu seterusnya hingga formula 5
7. Berikan penilaian pada kolom di bawah ini
Formula 1
Formula 2
Formula 3
Formula 4
Formula 5
Dispersa
Rasa
Warna
Aroma
Keterangan :
Medan, Mei 2015
Volunteer
1. Sangat Tidak Suka
2. Tidak Suka
3. Netral
4. Suka
5. Sangat Suka
(
65
)
Lampiran 14. Tabulasi nilai kesukaan dispersi granul effervescent
No.
Nama
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Total
Fahrumsyah Jali Rambe
Puteri Masri
Hafid Syahputra
Hoko Wilopo
Revi Septiani
Hamidah Permata Sari
Fiorietta Veglyani Mashitha
Ismita Sari
Nurhotimah Siregar
Novita Sari
Tri Sumaria
Yuyun Ayusni
Zukhairi Nazla R
Yanti Juliatri
Roisyam Azmal
Ryan Wijaya
Yasri Alfim
Shena Keshia Aritonang
Ririn Astyka
Dwi Alfiani
Karina Oktaviana
Ayu Indah Lestari
Ferra Zu'ami
Linda Mulyana
Atika Azahra
Ulva Dwi Ayu S
Putir Hsb
Yeni Rori Panjaitan
Putri Panjaitan
Lusi Indriani
F1
4
5
2
5
3
5
3
4
3
3
2
5
4
3
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
5
5
3
3
3
5
5
5
121
66
Formula
F2
F3
5
1
4
3
5
4
4
2
5
4
4
3
5
4
5
3
4
5
4
5
5
4
4
3
3
5
4
5
4
3
3
4
4
3
4
3
3
5
5
3
2
3
2
5
4
3
3
4
4
5
5
4
4
5
4
3
1
4
4
3
117
111
F4
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
5
3
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
67
F5
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
34
Lampiran 15. Tabulasi nilai kesukaan rasa granul effervescent
No.
Nama
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Total
Fahrumsyah Jali Rambe
Puteri Masri
Hafid Syahputra
Hoko Wilopo
Revi Septiani
Hamidah Permata Sari
Fiorietta Veglyani Mashitha
Ismita Sari
Nurhotimah Siregar
Novita Sari
Tri Sumaria
Yuyun Ayusni
Zukhairi Nazla R
Yanti Juliatri
Roisyam Azmal
Ryan Wijaya
Yasri Alfim
Shena Keshia Aritonang
Ririn Astyka
Dwi Alfiani
Karina Oktaviana
Ayu Indah Lestari
Ferra Zu'ami
Linda Mulyana
Atika Azahra
Ulva Dwi Ayu S
Putir Hsb
Yeni Rori Panjaitan
Putri Panjaitan
Lusi Indriani
F1
4
3
1
2
3
5
1
3
5
5
2
4
1
4
1
4
3
3
3
3
5
2
5
2
4
1
1
1
2
1
84
67
Formula
F2
F3
5
3
5
1
3
4
5
4
5
4
4
3
3
4
2
1
4
3
4
3
4
5
5
3
2
3
5
3
3
5
3
5
4
5
4
5
5
4
5
4
1
2
3
5
4
3
5
4
5
3
3
5
2
4
4
5
1
4
2
4
110
111
F4
1
2
2
1
1
2
5
4
2
2
3
2
4
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
2
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
76
F5
2
4
5
3
2
1
2
5
1
1
1
1
5
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
4
5
2
5
5
69
Lampiran 16. Tabulasi nilai kesukaan warna granul effervescent
No.
Nama
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Total
Fahrumsyah Jali Rambe
Puteri Masri
Hafid Syahputra
Hoko Wilopo
Revi Septiani
Hamidah Permata Sari
Fiorietta Veglyani Mashitha
Ismita Sari
Nurhotimah Siregar
Novita Sari
Tri Sumaria
Yuyun Ayusni
Zukhairi Nazla R
Yanti Juliatri
Roisyam Azmal
Ryan Wijaya
Yasri Alfim
Shena Keshia Aritonang
Ririn Astyka
Dwi Alfiani
Karina Oktaviana
Ayu Indah Lestari
Ferra Zu'ami
Linda Mulyana
Atika Azahra
Ulva Dwi Ayu S
Putir Hsb
Yeni Rori Panjaitan
Putri Panjaitan
Lusi Indriani
F1
3
2
2
2
3
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
3
3
5
3
2
3
2
1
4
4
1
4
3
3
1
2
98
68
Formula
F2
F3
4
5
4
3
5
4
5
4
4
5
5
3
5
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
5
3
4
5
4
5
4
3
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
3
3
5
2
5
5
3
4
5
2
5
5
4
2
5
4
5
4
5
120
121
F4
2
1
3
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
1
5
2
3
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
59
F5
1
5
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
1
1
2
3
2
4
3
3
52
Lampiran 17. Tabulasi nilai kesukaan aroma granul effervescent
No.
Nama
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Total
Fahrumsyah Jali Rambe
Puteri Masri
Hafid Syahputra
Hoko Wilopo
Revi Septiani
Hamidah Permata Sari
Fiorietta Veglyani Mashitha
Ismita Sari
Nurhotimah Siregar
Novita Sari
Tri Sumaria
Yuyun Ayusni
Zukhairi Nazla R
Yanti Juliatri
Roisyam Azmal
Ryan Wijaya
Yasri Alfim
Shena Keshia Aritonang
Ririn Astyka
Dwi Alfiani
Karina Oktaviana
Ayu Indah Lestari
Ferra Zu'ami
Linda Mulyana
Atika Azahra
Ulva Dwi Ayu S
Putir Hsb
Yeni Rori Panjaitan
Putri Panjaitan
Lusi Indriani
F1
2
4
1
2
3
3
3
5
3
5
3
4
1
5
1
3
3
3
4
4
3
2
5
2
1
1
1
4
4
1
86
69
Formula
F2
F3
3
5
3
2
3
4
5
3
5
4
4
5
5
4
4
3
4
5
4
3
4
5
5
3
2
3
4
3
3
4
4
5
4
5
5
4
3
5
5
3
4
1
3
5
3
4
5
4
4
3
5
4
3
4
2
5
2
5
2
5
112
118
F4
4
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
5
1
2
2
1
2
2
4
1
3
2
3
2
1
1
3
65
F5
1
5
5
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
5
1
2
1
5
2
5
3
3
4
69
Lampiran 18. Rumus perhitungan nilai kesukaan granul effervescent
Untuk menghitung nilai kesukaan rerata dari setiap panelis digunakan
rumus sebagai berikut :
�(ỹ − (1,96 × �/√�)) ≤ � ≤ (ỹ + (1,96 × �/√�)) ≅ 95%
∑��=1 ��
ỹ=
�
�2 =
∑��=1(�� − ỹ)2
�
� = �� 2
Keterangan :
n
S2
1,96
ỹ
xi
S
: banyak panelis
: keragaman nilai kesukaan
: koefisien standar deviasi pada taraf 95%
: nilai kesukaan rata-rata
: nilai kesukaan dari panelis ke i, dimana i= 1,2,3,…,n
: simpangan baku nilai kesukaan
70
Lampiran 19. Perhitungan nilai kesukaan dispersi granul effervescent
Formula 1
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
4+5+2+5+3+…+5
30
ỹ=
121
30
ỹ=4,0333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(4-4,0333)2 +(5-4,0333)2 +(2-4,0333)2 +…+(5-4,0333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
28,9667
30
S2 =0,9656
S=�S2
S=�0,9656
S=0,9827
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (4,0333-(1,96×0,9827/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (4,0333+(1,96×0,9827/√30))
P (4,0333-0,3517) ≤ μ ≤ (4,0333+0,3517)
P (3,6817 ≤ μ ≤ 4,3850)
71
Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Formula 2
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
5+4+5+4+5+…+4
30
ỹ=
117
30
ỹ=3,9000
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(5-3,9000)2 +(4-3,9000)2 +(5-3,9000)2 +…+(4-3,9000)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
28,7000
30
S2 =0,9567
S=�S2
S=�0,9567
S=0,9781
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (3,9000-(1,96×0,9781/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (3,9000+(1,96×0,9781/√30))
P (3,9000-0,3500) ≤ μ ≤ (3,9000+0,3500)
P (3,5500 ≤ μ ≤ 4,2500)
72
Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Formula 3
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
1+3+4+2+4+…+3
30
ỹ=
111
30
ỹ=3,7000
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(1-3,7000)2 +(3-3,7000)2 +(4-3,7000)2 +…+(3-3,7000)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
30,3000
30
S2 =1,0100
S=�S2
S=�1,0100
S=1,0050
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (3,7000-(1,96×1,0050/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (3,7000+(1,96×1,0050/√30))
P (3,7000-0,3596) ≤ μ ≤ (3,7000+0,3596)
P (3,3404 ≤ μ ≤ 4,0596)
73
Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Formula 4
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
3+2+3+3+2+…+1
30
ỹ=
67
30
ỹ=2,2333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(3-2,2333)2 +(2-2,2333)2 +(3-2,2333)2 +…+(1-2,2333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
15,3667
30
S2 =0,5122
S=�S2
S=�0,5122
S=0,7157
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (2,2333-(1,96×0,9827/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (2,2333+(1,96×0,9827/√30))
P (2,2333-0,2561) ≤ μ ≤ (2,2333+0,2561)
P (1,9772 ≤ μ ≤ 2,4894)
74
Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Formula 5
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
2+1+1+1+1+…+2
30
ỹ=
34
30
ỹ=1,1333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(2-1,1333)2 +(1-1,1333)2 +(1-1,1333)2 +…+(2-1,1333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
3,4667
30
S2 =0,1156
S=�S2
S=�0,1156
S=0,3400
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (1,1333-(1,96×0,3400/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (1,1333+(1,96×0,3400/√30))
P (1,1333-0,1217) ≤ μ ≤ (1,1333+0,1217)
P (1,0117 ≤ μ ≤ 1,2550)
75
Lampiran 20. Perhitungan nilai kesukaan rasa granul effervescent
Formula 1
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
4+3+1+2+3+…+1
30
ỹ=
84
30
ỹ=2,8000
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(4-2,8000)2 +(3-2,8000)2 +(1-2,8000)2 +…+(1-2,8000)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
60,8000
30
S2 =2,0267
S=�S2
S=�2,0267
S=1,4236
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (2,8000-(1,96×1,4236/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (2,8000+(1,96×1,4236/√30))
P (2,8000-0,5094) ≤ μ ≤ (2,8000+0,5094)
P (2,2906 ≤ μ ≤ 3,3094)
76
Lampiran 20. (Lanjutan)
Formula 2
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
5+5+3+5+5+…+2
30
ỹ=
110
30
ỹ=3,6667
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(5-3,6667)2 +(5-3,6667)2 +(3-3,6667)2 +…+(2-3,6667)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
46,6667
30
S2 =1,5556
S=�S2
S=�1,5556
S=1,2472
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (3,6667-(1,96×1,2472/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (3,6667+(1,96×1,2472/√30))
P (3,6667-0,4463) ≤ μ ≤ (3,6667+0,4463)
P (3,2204 ≤ μ ≤ 4,1130)
77
Lampiran 20. (Lanjutan)
Formula 3
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
3+1+4+4+4+…+4
30
ỹ=
111
30
ỹ=3,7000
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(3-3,7000)2 +(1-3,7000)2 +(4-3,7000)2 +…+(4-3,7000)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
36,3000
30
S2 =1,2100
S=�S2
S=�1,2100
S=1,1000
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (3,7000-(1,96×1,1000/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (3,7000+(1,96×1,1000/√30))
P (3,7000-0,3936) ≤ μ ≤ (3,7000+0,3936)
P (3,3064 ≤ μ ≤ 4,0936)
78
Lampiran 20. (Lanjutan)
Formula 4
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
1+2+2+1+1+…+3
30
ỹ=
76
30
ỹ=2,5333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(1-2,5333)2 +(2-2,5333)2 +(2-2,5333)2 +…+(3-2,5333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
29,4667
30
S2 =0,9822
S=�S2
S=�0,9822
S=0,9911
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (2,5333-(1,96×0,9911/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (2,5333+(1,96×0,9911/√30))
P (2,5333-0,3547) ≤ μ ≤ (2,5333+0,3547)
P (2,1787 ≤ μ ≤ 2,8880)
79
Lampiran 20. (Lanjutan)
Formula 5
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
2+4+5+3+2+…+5
30
ỹ=
69
30
ỹ=2,3000
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(2-2,3000)2 +(4-2,3000)2 +(5-2,3000)2 +…+(5-2,3000)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
76,3000
30
S2 =2,5433
S=�S2
S=�2,5433
S=1,5948
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (2,3000-(1,96×1,5948/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (2,3000+(1,96×1,5948/√30))
P (2,3000-0,5707) ≤ μ ≤ (2,3000+0,5707)
P (1,7293 ≤ μ ≤ 2,8707)
80
Lampiran 21. Perhitungan nilai kesukaan warna granul effervescent
Formula 1
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
3+2+2+2+3+…+2
30
ỹ=
98
30
ỹ=3,2667
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(3-3,2667)2 +(2-3,2667)2 +(2-3,2667)2 +…+(2-3,2667)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
49,8667
30
S2 =1,6622
S=�S2
S=�1,6622
S=1,2893
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (3,2667-(1,96×1,2893/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (3,2667+(1,96×1,2893/√30))
P (3,2667-0,4614) ≤ μ ≤ (3,2667+0,4614)
P (2,8053 ≤ μ ≤ 3,7280)
81
Lampiran 21. (Lanjutan)
Formula 2
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
4+4+5+5+4+…+4
30
ỹ=
120
30
ỹ=4,0000
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(4-4,0000)2 +(4-4,0000)2 +(5-4,0000)2 +…+(4-4,0000)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
20,0000
30
S2 =0,6667
S=�S2
S=�0,6667
S=0,8165
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (4,0000-(1,96×0,8165/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (4,0000+(1,96×0,8165/√30))
P (4,0000-0,2922) ≤ μ ≤ (4,0000+0,2922)
P (3,7078 ≤ μ ≤ 4,2922)
82
Lampiran 21. (Lanjutan)
Formula 3
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
5+3+4+4+5+…+5
30
ỹ=
121
30
ỹ=4,0333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ӯ)
n
(5-4,0333)2 +(3-4,0333)2 +(4-4,0333)2 +…+(5-4,0333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
26,9667
30
S2 =0,8989
S=�S2
S=�0,8989
S=0,9481
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (4,0333-(1,96×0,9481/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (4,0333+(1,96×0,9481/√30))
P (4,0333-0,3393) ≤ μ ≤ (4,0333+0,3393)
P (3,6941 ≤ μ ≤ 4,3726)
83
Lampiran 21. (Lanjutan)
Formula 4
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
2+1+3+1+2+…+1
30
ỹ=
59
30
ỹ=1,9667
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(2-1,9667)2 +(1-1,9667)2 +(3-1,9667)2 +…+(1-1,9667)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
20,9667
30
S2 =0,6989
S=�S2
S=�0,6989
S=0,8360
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (1,9667-(1,96×0,8360/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (1,9667+(1,96×0,8360/√30))
P (1,9667-0,2992) ≤ μ ≤ (1,9667+0,2992)
P (1,6675 ≤ μ ≤ 2,2658)
84
Lampiran 21. (Lanjutan)
Formula 5
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
1+5+1+3+1+…+3
30
ỹ=
52
30
ỹ=1,7333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(1-1,7333)2 +(5-1,7333)2 +(1-1,7333)2 +…+(3-1,7333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
37,8667
30
S2 =1,2622
S=�S2
S=�1,2622
S=1,1235
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (1,7333-(1,96×1,1235/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (1,7333+(1,96×1,1235/√30))
P (1,7333-0,4020) ≤ μ ≤ (1,7333+0,4020)
P (1,3313 ≤ μ ≤ 2,1354)
85
Lampiran 22. Perhitungan nilai kesukaan aroma granul effervescent
Formula 1
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
2+4+1+2+3+…+1
30
ỹ=
86
30
ỹ=2,8667
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(2-2,8667)2 +(4-2,8667)2 +(1-2,8667)2 +…+(1-2,8667)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
53,4667
30
S2 =1,7822
S=�S2
S=�1,7822
S=1,3350
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (2,8667-(1,96×1,3350/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (2,8667+(1,96×1,3350/√30))
P (2,8667-0,4777) ≤ μ ≤ (2,8667+0,4777)
P (2,3889 ≤ μ ≤ 3,3444)
86
Lampiran 22. (Lanjutan)
Formula 2
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
3+3+3+5+5+…+2
30
ỹ=
112
30
ỹ=3,7333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(3-3,7333)2 +(3-3,7333)2 +(3-3,7333)2 +…+(2-3,7333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
29,8667
30
S2 =0,9956
S=�S2
S=�0,9956
S=0,9978
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (3,7333-(1,96×0,9978/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (3,7333+(1,96×0,9978/√30))
P (3,7333-0,3571) ≤ μ ≤ (3,7333+0,3571)
P (3,3763 ≤ μ ≤ 4,0904)
87
Lampiran 22. (Lanjutan)
Formula 3
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
5+2+4+3+4+…+5
30
ỹ=
118
30
ỹ=3,9333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(5-3,9333)2 +(2-3,9333)2 +(4-3,9333)2 +…+(5-3,9333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
31,8667
30
S2 =1,0622
S=�S2
S=�1,0622
S=1,0306
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (3,9333-(1,96×1,0306/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (3,9333+(1,96×1,0306/√30))
P (3,9333-0,3688) ≤ μ ≤ (3,9333+0,3688)
P (3,5645 ≤ μ ≤ 4,3021)
88
Lampiran 22. (Lanjutan)
Formula 4
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
4+1+2+1+2+…+3
30
ỹ=
65
30
ỹ=2,1667
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(4-2,1667)2 +(1-2,1667)2 +(2-2,1667)2 +…+(3-2,1667)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
30,1667
30
S2 =1,0056
S=�S2
S=�1,0056
S=1,0027
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (2,1667-(1,96×1,0027/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (2,1667+(1,96×1,0027/√30))
P (2,1667-0,3588) ≤ μ ≤ (2,1667+0,3588)
P (1,8079 ≤ μ ≤ 2,5255)
89
Lampiran 22. (Lanjutan)
Formula 5
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
1+5+5+4+1+…+4
30
ỹ=
69
30
ỹ=2,3000
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(1-2,3000)2 +(5-2,3000)2 +(5-2,3000)2 +…+(4-2,3000)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
76,3000
30
S2 =2,5433
S=�S2
S=�2,5433
S=1,5948
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (2,3000-(1,96×1,5948/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (2,3000+(1,96×1,5948/√30))
P (2,3000-0,5707) ≤ μ ≤ (2,3000+0,5707)
P (1,7293 ≤ μ ≤ 2,8707)
90
Lampiran 23. Gambar volunter uji kesukaan
Gambar volunter uji kesukaan
Gambar volunter uji kesukaan
91
Lampiran 24. Gambar alat-alat yang digunakan
Gambar alat pemeras jeruk
Gambar erlenmeyer
Gambar alat waktu alir dan sudut diam
Gambar beaker glass
Gambar labu tentukur
92
Lampiran 24. (Lanjutan)
Gambar pipet volume
Gambar statif, klem dan buret
93
Lampiran 25. Gambar bahan yang digunakan
Gambar pewarna orange pasta
Gambar laktosa
Gambar bahan fase dalam
Gambar bahan fase luar
94
Gambar buah jeruk nipis
Gambar buah jeruk nipis 10 kg
36
Lampiran 2. Hasil uji identifikasi sampel
37
Lampiran 3. Bagan alir proses penyarian dan pengeringan sari buah
jeruk nipis
10 kg Buah
JerukNipis
- dicuci bersih
- dipotong menjadi dua bagian
- diperas menggunakan alat pemeras jeruk
Sari Buah
Ampas
Jeruk Nipis
- dikeringkan menggunakan Freeze Dryer
Sari Kental
- ditambahkan maltodekstrin sebanyak 5 bagian
- dikeringkan di lemari pengering
Serbuk Sari Buah
Jeruk Nipis
38
Lampiran 4. Gambar sari buah jeruk nipis dan serbuk sari buah jeruk nipis
Gambar sari buah jeruk nipis
Gambar serbuk sari buah jeruk nipis
39
Lampiran 5. Data dan perhitungan kadar vitamin C dari serbuk sari buah jeruk
nipis
Rumus Kesetaraan :
Kesetaraan =
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
Keterangan:
Va = Volume aliquot (ml)
W = Berat vitamin C (mg)
Vt = Volume titrasi (ml)
Vb = Volume blanko (ml)
Vc = Volume labu tentukur (ml)
Rumus Kadar Vitamin C :
Kadar vitamin C =
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
Keterangan:
Vt : Volume titrasi (ml)
Vb : Volume blanko (ml)
Vl : Volume labu tentukur (ml)
Vp : Volume pemipetan (ml)
Bs : Berat sampel (g)
Data Kesetaraan :
Volume
Berat
aliquot
vitamin C
(ml)
(mg)
2
50
Kesetaraan =
Kesetaraan =
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
11,1
10,6
11,3
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
2×50× 99,9�100
50×(11-0,1)
40
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
11
0,1
10,9
Lampiran 5. (Lanjutan)
1,998 mg
10,9 ml
mg
Kesetaraan = 0,183 �ml
Kesetaraan =
Data Kadar Vitamin C :
Volume
Berat
pemipetan
sampel
(ml)
(g)
2
0,2
Kadar vitamin C =
Kadar vitamin C =
Kadar vitamin C =
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
24,2
25,0
24,3
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
24,5
0,1
24,4
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
(24,5-0,1)×0,183
2×0,2
mg
�ml ×50
223,26
0,4
Kadar vitamin C = 558,15
mg
�g
Kadar vitamin C = 0,55815
mg
�g
41
Lampiran 6. Bagan alir proses pembuatan granul effervescent
Bagian Basa
Bagian Asam
- digerus sebagian laktosa
- digerus sebagian laktosa
- ditambah orange pasta
- ditambah orange pasta
- digerus sampai homogen
- digerus sampai homogen
- ditambahkan natrium bikarbonat
dan sebagian maltodekstrin
- ditambahkan serbuk sari
buah jeruk nipis dan
sebagian maltodekstrin
- dicampur hingga homogen
- dicampur hingga
homogen
- ditambahkan beberapa tetes
alkohol 96% sampai di dapat
konsistensi yang mudah dikepal
- ditambahkan beberapa tetes
alkohol 96% sampai di
dapat konsistensi yang
mudah dikepal
- massa diayak dengan ayakan 16 mesh
- massa diayak dengan
ayakan 16 mesh
- dikeringkan di lemari pengering
- dikeringkan di lemari
pengering
- diayak dengan 20 mesh
- diayak dengan 20 mesh
Bagian Basa + Bagian Asam
- ditambahkan vitamin C
- ditambahkan natrium metabisulfit
- ditambahkan PEG 6000
- diaduk sampai homogen
Granul Effervescent
42
Lampiran 7. Perhitungan bahan granul effervescent
R/
Vitamin C
500mg
Natrium Metabisulfit
0,1%
Natrium Bikarbonat
X
Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis
Y
Maltodekstrin
2%
Sakarin
1%
Orange Pasta
2%
PEG 6000
3%
Laktosa
q.s
Keterangan : X, Y perbandingan asam basa
•
Formula 1
Natrium bikarbonat 100 mg + Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis 100 mg
•
Formula 2
Natrium bikarbonat 100 mg + Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis 200 mg
•
Formula 3
Natrium bikarbonat 100 mg + Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis 300 mg
•
Formula 4
Natrium bikarbonat 200 mg + Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis 100 mg
•
Formula 5
Natrium bikarbonat 300 mg + Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis 100 mg
43
Lampiran 7. (Lanjutan)
I.
II.
Rencana Kerja
1. Berat 1 sachet
= 2000 mg
2. Metode
= Granulasi Kering
Perhitungan Bahan
1. Vitamin C
= 500 mg x 100 sachet = 50 gram
2. Natrium meta bisulfit
= 2 mg x 100 sachet
= 0,2 gram
3. Asam-Basa
a. Formula 1
•
•
Natrium bikarbonat
= 100 mg x 100 sachet = 10 gram
Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis
= 100 mg x 100 sachet = 10 gram
b. Formula 2
•
•
Natrium bikarbonat
= 100 mg x 100 sachet = 10 gram
Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis
= 200 mg x 100 sachet = 20 gram
c. Formula 3
•
•
Natrium bikarbonat
= 100 mg x 100 sachet = 10 gram
Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis
= 300 mg x 100 sachet = 30 gram
d. Formula 4
•
•
Natrium bikarbonat
= 200 mg x 100 sachet = 20 gram
Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis
= 100 mg x 100 sachet = 10 gram
e. Formula 5
•
•
Natrium bikarbonat
= 300 mg x 100 sachet = 30 gram
Sari Buah Jeruk Nipis
= 100 mg x 100 sachet = 10 gram
4. Maltodekstrin
= 40 mg x 100 sachet = 4 gram
44
Lampiran 7. (Lanjutan)
5. Sakarin
= 20 mg x 100 sachet = 2 gram
6. PEG 6000
= 60 mg x 100 sachet = 6 gram
7. Orange Pasta
= 40 mg x 100 sachet = 4 gram
8. Laktosa
•
•
•
•
•
Formula 1
= 1138 mg x 100 sachet
= 113,8 gram
Formula 2
= 1038 mg x 100 sachet
= 103,8 gram
Formula 3
= 938 mg x 100 sachet
= 93,8 gram
Formula 4
= 1038 mg x 100 sachet
= 103,8 gram
Formula 5
= 938 mg x 100 sachet
= 93,8 gram
45
Lampiran 8. Data dan perhitungan uji sudut diam
Rumus :
Tg Ɵ = 2h/d
Keterangan : Ɵ = sudut diam
h = tinggi kerucut (cm)
d = diameter (cm)
Formula 1
Uji ke-
Diameter (d)
Tinggi (h)
1
14,3
3,8
2
14,2
3,7
3
14,8
4,0
Rata-rata
14,43
3,83
Uji ke-
Diameter (d)
Tinggi (h)
1
13,8
3,6
2
14,5
3,4
3
14,0
3,4
Rata-rata
14,1
3,47
2h
d
2×3,83
Tg Ɵ =
14,43
Tg Ɵ =
Ɵ = arc tg 0,5308
Ɵ = 27,96°
Formula 2
2h
d
2×3,47
Tg Ɵ =
14,1
Tg Ɵ =
Ɵ = arc tg 0,4922
Ɵ = 26,21°
46
Lampiran 8. (Lanjutan)
Formula 3
Uji ke-
Diameter (d)
Tinggi (h)
1
13,2
3,9
2
13,7
4,1
3
13,1
3,8
Rata-rata
13,33
3,93
Uji ke-
Diameter (d)
Tinggi (h)
1
13,9
4,0
2
14,5
3,9
3
14,1
3,9
Rata-rata
14,17
3,93
2h
d
2×3,93
Tg Ɵ =
13,33
Tg Ɵ =
Ɵ = arc tg 0,5896
Ɵ = 30,52°
Formula 4
2h
d
2×3,93
Tg Ɵ =
14,17
Tg Ɵ =
Ɵ = arc tg 0,5547
Ɵ = 29,02°
47
Lampiran 8. (Lanjutan)
Formula 5
Uji ke-
Diameter (d)
Tinggi (h)
1
14,6
4,1
2
13,9
3,9
3
14,3
3,9
Rata-rata
14,27
3,97
2h
d
2×3,97
Tg Ɵ =
14,27
Tg Ɵ =
Ɵ = arc tg 0,5564
Ɵ = 29,09°
48
Lampiran 9. Data dan perhitungan uji indeks tap
Rumus :
Indeks tap =
V1 -V2
x 100%
V1
Keterangan : V1 = volume sebelum hentakan
V2 = volume setelah hentakan
Formula 1
Uji ke1
2
3
V1
24
23,75
23,75
Rata-rata
V2
20,75
21
20,5
Uji ke-1
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
Indeks Tap (%)
13,54
11,58
13,68
12,93
Uji ke-3
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
24-20,75
24
Indeks tap =
x 100%
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap = 13,54 %
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,75-20,5
23,75
x 100%
Indeks tap = 13,68 %
Uji ke-2
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,75-21
23,75
x 100%
Indeks tap = 11,58 %
Formula 2
Uji ke1
2
3
V1
23,75
23,5
23,5
Rata-rata
V2
18,75
19
19,25
49
Indeks Tap (%)
21,05
19,15
18,09
19,43
Lampiran 9. (Lanjutan)
Uji ke-1
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
Uji ke-3
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,75-18,75
23,75
Indeks tap =
x 100%
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap = 21,05 %
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,5-19,25
23,5
x 100%
Indeks tap = 18,09 %
Uji ke-2
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,5-19
23,5
x 100%
Indeks tap = 19,15 %
Formula 3
Uji ke1
2
3
V1
23,75
23,75
23,5
Rata-rata
V2
19,00
18,25
18,5
Uji ke-1
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
Uji ke-3
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,75-19,00
23,75
Indeks tap =
x 100%
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap = 20,00 %
Indeks tap =
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,75-18,25
23,75
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,5-18,5
23,5
x 100%
Indeks tap = 21,28 %
Uji ke-2
Indeks tap =
Indeks Tap (%)
20,00
23,16
21,28
21,48
x 100%
Indeks tap = 23,16 %
50
Lampiran 9. (Lanjutan)
Formula 4
Uji ke1
2
3
V1
23,75
23,5
24
Rata-rata
V2
19,5
19,5
19,5
Uji ke-1
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
Indeks Tap (%)
17,89
17,02
18,75
17,89
Uji ke-3
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,75-19,5
23,75
Indeks tap =
x 100%
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap = 17,89 %
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
24-19,5
24
x 100%
Indeks tap = 18,75 %
Uji ke-2
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,5-19,5
23,5
x 100%
Indeks tap = 17,02 %
Formula 5
Uji ke1
2
3
V1
24
23,75
23,75
Rata-rata
V2
19,75
21
20,5
Uji ke-1
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap =
Uji ke-3
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
24-19,75
24
Indeks tap =
x 100%
Indeks tap =
Indeks tap = 17,71 %
Indeks tap =
V1 -V2
V1
V1 -V2
V1
x 100%
23,75-20,5
23,75
Indeks tap = 13,68 %
Uji ke-2
Indeks tap =
Indeks Tap (%)
17,71
11,58
13,68
14,32
x 100%
23,75-21
x 100%
23,75
Indeks tap = 11,58 %
51
x 100%
Lampiran 10. Data dan perhitungan uji kadar air
Rumus :
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
x 100%
berat awal
Formula 1
Uji ke1
2
3
Berat awal (g) Berat akhir (g)
14,210
14,200
14,275
14,275
14,232
14,232
Rata-rata
Uji ke-1
Kadar Air (%)
0,07
0
0
0,02
Uji ke-3
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
14,210-14,200
14,210
x 100%
Kadar air =
x 100%
Kadar air =
Kadar air = 0,07 %
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
14,232-14,232
14,232
x 100%
x 100%
Kadar air = 0 %
Uji ke-2
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
14,275-14,275
14,275
x 100%
x 100%
Kadar air = 0 %
Formula 2
Uji ke1
2
3
Berat awal (g) Berat akhir (g)
13,420
13,405
13,228
13,228
13,105
13,105
Rata-rata
Uji ke-1
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
Kadar Air (%)
0,11
0
0
0,04
Uji ke-2
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
13,420-13,405
13,420
x 100%
Kadar air =
x 100%
Kadar air =
Kadar air = 0,11 %
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
13,228-13,228
13,228
Kadar air = 0 %
52
x 100%
x 100%
Lampiran 10. (Lanjutan)
Uji ke-3
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
13,105-13,105
13,105
x 100%
x 100%
Kadar air = 0 %
Formula 3
Uji ke1
2
3
Berat awal (g) Berat akhir (g)
14,070
14,050
13,970
13,970
14,153
14,153
Rata-rata
Uji ke-1
Kadar Air (%)
0,14
0
0
0,05
Uji ke-3
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
14,070-14,050
14,070
x 100%
Kadar air =
x 100%
Kadar air =
Kadar air = 0,14 %
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
14,153-14,153
14,153
x 100%
x 100%
Kadar air = 0 %
Uji ke-2
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
13,970-13,970
13,970
x 100%
x 100%
Kadar air = 0 %
Formula 4
Uji ke1
2
3
Berat awal (g) Berat akhir (g)
14,010
13,985
14,015
14,000
13,971
13,957
Rata-rata
Uji ke-1
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
Kadar Air (%)
0,18
0,11
0,10
0,13
Uji ke-2
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
14,010-13,985
14,010
x 100%
Kadar air =
x 100%
Kadar air =
Kadar air = 0,18 %
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
14,015-14,000
14,015
Kadar air = 0,11 %
53
x 100%
x 100%
Lampiran 10. (Lanjutan)
Uji ke-3
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
13,971-13,957
13,971
x 100%
x 100%
Kadar air = 17,02 %
Formula 5
Uji ke1
2
3
Berat awal (g) Berat akhir (g)
21,280
21,250
21,280
21,260
21,177
21,160
Rata-rata
Uji ke-1
Kadar air =
Kadar air =
Uji ke-3
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
21,280-21,250
21,280
x 100%
Kadar air =
x 100%
Kadar air =
Kadar air = 0,14 %
Kadar air =
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
21,280-21,260
21,280
berat awal - berat akhir
berat awal
21,177-21,160
21,177
Kadar air = 0,08 %
Uji ke-2
Kadar air =
Kadar Air (%)
0,14
0,09
0,08
0,11
x 100%
x 100%
Kadar air = 0,09 %
54
x 100%
x 100%
Lampiran 11. Data dan perhitungan uji kadar vitamin C dari granul effervescent
Rumus Kesetaraan :
Kesetaraan =
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
Keterangan:
Va = Volume aliquot (ml)
W = Berat vitamin C (mg)
Vt = Volume titrasi (ml)
Vb = Volume blanko (ml)
Vc = Volume labu tentukur (ml)
Rumus Kadar Vitamin C :
Kadar vitamin C =
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
Keterangan:
Vt : Volume titrasi (ml)
Vb : Volume blanko (ml)
Vl : Volume labu tentukur (ml)
Vp : Volume pemipetan (ml)
Bs : Berat sampel (g)
Formula 1
Data Kesetaraan :
Volume
Berat
aliquot
vitamin C
(ml)
(mg)
2
50
Kesetaraan =
Kesetaraan =
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
15,7
15
14,9
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
2×50× 99,9�100
50×(15,2-0,2)
55
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
15,2
0,2
15
Lampiran 11. (Lanjutan)
1,998 mg
15 ml
mg
Kesetaraan = 0,1332 �ml
Kesetaraan =
Data Kadar Vitamin C :
Volume
Berat
pemipetan
sampel
(ml)
(g)
2
0,2065
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
0,2
19,53
19,8 20,0 19,4 19,73
Kadar vitamin C secara praktek :
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
mg
(19,73-0,2)×0,1332 �ml ×50
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
2×0,2065
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
130,0698
0,413
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 314,94 �g
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 0,315 �mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
Kadar vitamin C secara teoritis :
2,72668 mg
8,26 mg
mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis = 0,3301
�mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis =
Kadar vitamin C :
Kadar vitamin C praktek
× 100%
Kadar vitamin C teoritis
mg
0,315 �mg
Kadar vitamin C =
× 100%
mg
0,3301
�mg
Kadar vitamin C =
Kadar vitamin C = 95,42 %
56
Lampiran 11. (Lanjutan)
Formula 2
Data Kesetaraan :
Volume
Berat
aliquot
vitamin C
(ml)
(mg)
2
50
Kesetaraan =
Kesetaraan =
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
15,7
15
14,9
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
15,2
0,2
15
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
2×50× 99,9�100
50×(15,2-0,2)
1,998 mg
15 ml
mg
Kesetaraan = 0,1332 �ml
Kesetaraan =
Data Kadar Vitamin C :
Volume
pemipetan
(ml)
Berat
sampel
(g)
2
0,206
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
Volume
Volume
blanko titrasi-volume
Rata(ml)
blanko (ml)
rata
20,2 19,9 20,1 20,07
0,2
Kadar vitamin C secara praktek :
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
mg
(20,07-0,2)×0,1332 �ml ×50
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
2×0,206
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
132,3342
0,412
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 321,2 �g
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 0,3212 �mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
57
19,87
Lampiran 11. (Lanjutan)
Kadar vitamin C secara teoritis :
2,7 mg
8,24 mg
mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis = 0,3277
�mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis =
Kadar vitamin C :
Kadar vitamin C praktek
× 100%
Kadar vitamin C teoritis
mg
0,3212 �mg
Kadar vitamin C =
× 100%
mg
0,3277
�mg
Kadar vitamin C =
Kadar vitamin C = 98,01 %
Formula 3
Data Kesetaraan :
Volume
Berat
aliquot
vitamin C
(ml)
(mg)
2
50
Kesetaraan =
Kesetaraan =
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
11,1
10,6
11,3
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
2×50× 99,9�100
50×(11-0,1)
1,998 mg
10,9 ml
mg
Kesetaraan = 0,183 �ml
Kesetaraan =
58
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
11
0,1
10,9
Lampiran 11. (Lanjutan)
Data Kadar Vitamin C :
Volume
Berat
pemipetan
sampel
(ml)
(g)
2
0,201
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
0,1
14,63
14,9 14,7 14,6 14,73
Kadar vitamin C secara praktek :
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
mg
(14,73-0,1)×0,183 �ml ×50
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
2×0,201
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
133,8645
0,402
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 332,9963 �g
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 0,333 �mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
Kadar vitamin C secara teoritis :
2,6653 mg
8,04 mg
mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis = 0,332
�mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis =
Kadar vitamin C :
Kadar vitamin C praktek
× 100%
Kadar vitamin C teoritis
mg
0,334 �mg
Kadar vitamin C =
× 100%
mg
0,332
�mg
Kadar vitamin C =
Kadar vitamin C = 100,60 %
59
Lampiran 11. (Lanjutan)
Formula 4
Data Kesetaraan :
Volume
Berat
aliquot
vitamin C
(ml)
(mg)
2
50
Kesetaraan =
Kesetaraan =
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
15,7
15
14,9
Volume
Volume
Rata-
blanko
titrasi-volume
rata
(ml)
blanko (ml)
15,2
0,2
15
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
2×50× 99,9�100
50×(15,2-0,2)
1,998 mg
15 ml
mg
Kesetaraan = 0,1332 �ml
Kesetaraan =
Data Kadar Vitamin C :
Volume
pemipetan
(ml)
Berat
sampel
(g)
2
0,2065
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
Volume
Volume
blanko titrasi-volume
Rata(ml)
blanko (ml)
rata
19,7 19,7 19,5 19,63
0,2
Kadar vitamin C secara praktek :
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
mg
(19,63-0,2)×0,1332 �ml ×50
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
2×0,2065
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
129,4038
0,413
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 313,3264 �g
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 0,3133 �mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
60
19,43
Lampiran 11. (Lanjutan)
Kadar vitamin C secara teoritis :
2,7166 mg
8,26 mg
mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis = 0,3289
�mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis =
Kadar vitamin C :
Kadar vitamin C praktek
× 100%
Kadar vitamin C teoritis
mg
0,3133
�mg
Kadar vitamin C =
× 100%
mg
0,3289
�mg
Kadar vitamin C =
Kadar vitamin C = 95,26 %
Formula 5
Data Kesetaraan :
Berat
Volume
aliquot vitamin C
(ml)
(mg)
2
Kesetaraan =
Kesetaraan =
50
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
15,7
15
14,9
Volume
blanko
Rata(ml)
rata
15,2
0,2
Volume
titrasi-volume
blanko (ml)
15
Va×W×%Kadar
Vc×(Vt-Vb)
2×50× 99,9�100
50×(15,2-0,2)
1,998 mg
15 ml
mg
Kesetaraan = 0,1332 �ml
Kesetaraan =
Data Kadar Vitamin C :
Volume
pemipetan
(ml)
Berat
sampel
(g)
2
0,2065
Volume titrasi (ml)
1
2
3
Volume
Volume
blanko titrasi-volume
Rata(ml)
blanko (ml)
rata
19,8 19,7 19,8 19,77
61
0,2
19,57
Lampiran 11. (Lanjutan)
Kadar vitamin C secara praktek :
(Vt-Vb)×Kesetaraan×Vl
Vp×Bs
mg
(19,77-0,2)×0,1332 �ml ×50
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
2×0,2065
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
130,3362
0,413
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 315,5840 �g
mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek = 0,3156 �mg
Kadar vitamin C praktek =
Kadar vitamin C secara teoritis :
2,7226 mg
8,26 mg
mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis = 0,3296
�mg
Kadar vitamin C teoritis =
Kadar vitamin C :
Kadar vitamin C praktek
× 100%
Kadar vitamin C teoritis
mg
0,3156
�mg
Kadar vitamin C =
× 100%
mg
0,3296
�mg
Kadar vitamin C =
Kadar vitamin C = 95,75 %
62
Lampiran 12. Gambar granul effervescent dan kemasan granul effervescent
Gambar sachet tanpa etiket
Gambar granul effervescent F1
Gambar granul effervescent F2
Gambar granul effervescent F3
Gambar granul effervescent F4
Gambar granul effervescent F5
63
Lampiran 12. (Lanjutan)
Gambar sachet dengan etiket (depan)
Gambar sachet dengan etiket (belakang)
64
Lampiran 13. Kuesioner uji kesukaan granul effervescent
Nama
:
Usia
:
Pekerjaan
:
Petunjuk
:
1. Anda akan menerima 5 (lima) sampel serbuk effervescent vitamin C
2. Larutkan serbuk tersebut ke dalam air putih yang telah tersedia
3. Amati dispersa yang terjadi, setelah selesai kemudian dicoba
4. Sebelum mencoba, netralkan mulut anda dengan meminum air putih yang
telah tersedia
5. Setelah mencoba formula 1, netralkan kembali mulut anda dengan air
putih untuk mencoba formula 2.
6. Setelah mencoba formula 2 netralkan kembali mulut anda dengan air putih
untuk mencoba formula 3. Begitu seterusnya hingga formula 5
7. Berikan penilaian pada kolom di bawah ini
Formula 1
Formula 2
Formula 3
Formula 4
Formula 5
Dispersa
Rasa
Warna
Aroma
Keterangan :
Medan, Mei 2015
Volunteer
1. Sangat Tidak Suka
2. Tidak Suka
3. Netral
4. Suka
5. Sangat Suka
(
65
)
Lampiran 14. Tabulasi nilai kesukaan dispersi granul effervescent
No.
Nama
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Total
Fahrumsyah Jali Rambe
Puteri Masri
Hafid Syahputra
Hoko Wilopo
Revi Septiani
Hamidah Permata Sari
Fiorietta Veglyani Mashitha
Ismita Sari
Nurhotimah Siregar
Novita Sari
Tri Sumaria
Yuyun Ayusni
Zukhairi Nazla R
Yanti Juliatri
Roisyam Azmal
Ryan Wijaya
Yasri Alfim
Shena Keshia Aritonang
Ririn Astyka
Dwi Alfiani
Karina Oktaviana
Ayu Indah Lestari
Ferra Zu'ami
Linda Mulyana
Atika Azahra
Ulva Dwi Ayu S
Putir Hsb
Yeni Rori Panjaitan
Putri Panjaitan
Lusi Indriani
F1
4
5
2
5
3
5
3
4
3
3
2
5
4
3
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
5
5
3
3
3
5
5
5
121
66
Formula
F2
F3
5
1
4
3
5
4
4
2
5
4
4
3
5
4
5
3
4
5
4
5
5
4
4
3
3
5
4
5
4
3
3
4
4
3
4
3
3
5
5
3
2
3
2
5
4
3
3
4
4
5
5
4
4
5
4
3
1
4
4
3
117
111
F4
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
5
3
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
67
F5
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
34
Lampiran 15. Tabulasi nilai kesukaan rasa granul effervescent
No.
Nama
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Total
Fahrumsyah Jali Rambe
Puteri Masri
Hafid Syahputra
Hoko Wilopo
Revi Septiani
Hamidah Permata Sari
Fiorietta Veglyani Mashitha
Ismita Sari
Nurhotimah Siregar
Novita Sari
Tri Sumaria
Yuyun Ayusni
Zukhairi Nazla R
Yanti Juliatri
Roisyam Azmal
Ryan Wijaya
Yasri Alfim
Shena Keshia Aritonang
Ririn Astyka
Dwi Alfiani
Karina Oktaviana
Ayu Indah Lestari
Ferra Zu'ami
Linda Mulyana
Atika Azahra
Ulva Dwi Ayu S
Putir Hsb
Yeni Rori Panjaitan
Putri Panjaitan
Lusi Indriani
F1
4
3
1
2
3
5
1
3
5
5
2
4
1
4
1
4
3
3
3
3
5
2
5
2
4
1
1
1
2
1
84
67
Formula
F2
F3
5
3
5
1
3
4
5
4
5
4
4
3
3
4
2
1
4
3
4
3
4
5
5
3
2
3
5
3
3
5
3
5
4
5
4
5
5
4
5
4
1
2
3
5
4
3
5
4
5
3
3
5
2
4
4
5
1
4
2
4
110
111
F4
1
2
2
1
1
2
5
4
2
2
3
2
4
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
2
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
76
F5
2
4
5
3
2
1
2
5
1
1
1
1
5
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
4
5
2
5
5
69
Lampiran 16. Tabulasi nilai kesukaan warna granul effervescent
No.
Nama
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Total
Fahrumsyah Jali Rambe
Puteri Masri
Hafid Syahputra
Hoko Wilopo
Revi Septiani
Hamidah Permata Sari
Fiorietta Veglyani Mashitha
Ismita Sari
Nurhotimah Siregar
Novita Sari
Tri Sumaria
Yuyun Ayusni
Zukhairi Nazla R
Yanti Juliatri
Roisyam Azmal
Ryan Wijaya
Yasri Alfim
Shena Keshia Aritonang
Ririn Astyka
Dwi Alfiani
Karina Oktaviana
Ayu Indah Lestari
Ferra Zu'ami
Linda Mulyana
Atika Azahra
Ulva Dwi Ayu S
Putir Hsb
Yeni Rori Panjaitan
Putri Panjaitan
Lusi Indriani
F1
3
2
2
2
3
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
3
3
5
3
2
3
2
1
4
4
1
4
3
3
1
2
98
68
Formula
F2
F3
4
5
4
3
5
4
5
4
4
5
5
3
5
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
5
3
4
5
4
5
4
3
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
3
3
5
2
5
5
3
4
5
2
5
5
4
2
5
4
5
4
5
120
121
F4
2
1
3
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
1
5
2
3
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
59
F5
1
5
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
1
1
2
3
2
4
3
3
52
Lampiran 17. Tabulasi nilai kesukaan aroma granul effervescent
No.
Nama
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Total
Fahrumsyah Jali Rambe
Puteri Masri
Hafid Syahputra
Hoko Wilopo
Revi Septiani
Hamidah Permata Sari
Fiorietta Veglyani Mashitha
Ismita Sari
Nurhotimah Siregar
Novita Sari
Tri Sumaria
Yuyun Ayusni
Zukhairi Nazla R
Yanti Juliatri
Roisyam Azmal
Ryan Wijaya
Yasri Alfim
Shena Keshia Aritonang
Ririn Astyka
Dwi Alfiani
Karina Oktaviana
Ayu Indah Lestari
Ferra Zu'ami
Linda Mulyana
Atika Azahra
Ulva Dwi Ayu S
Putir Hsb
Yeni Rori Panjaitan
Putri Panjaitan
Lusi Indriani
F1
2
4
1
2
3
3
3
5
3
5
3
4
1
5
1
3
3
3
4
4
3
2
5
2
1
1
1
4
4
1
86
69
Formula
F2
F3
3
5
3
2
3
4
5
3
5
4
4
5
5
4
4
3
4
5
4
3
4
5
5
3
2
3
4
3
3
4
4
5
4
5
5
4
3
5
5
3
4
1
3
5
3
4
5
4
4
3
5
4
3
4
2
5
2
5
2
5
112
118
F4
4
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
5
1
2
2
1
2
2
4
1
3
2
3
2
1
1
3
65
F5
1
5
5
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
5
1
2
1
5
2
5
3
3
4
69
Lampiran 18. Rumus perhitungan nilai kesukaan granul effervescent
Untuk menghitung nilai kesukaan rerata dari setiap panelis digunakan
rumus sebagai berikut :
�(ỹ − (1,96 × �/√�)) ≤ � ≤ (ỹ + (1,96 × �/√�)) ≅ 95%
∑��=1 ��
ỹ=
�
�2 =
∑��=1(�� − ỹ)2
�
� = �� 2
Keterangan :
n
S2
1,96
ỹ
xi
S
: banyak panelis
: keragaman nilai kesukaan
: koefisien standar deviasi pada taraf 95%
: nilai kesukaan rata-rata
: nilai kesukaan dari panelis ke i, dimana i= 1,2,3,…,n
: simpangan baku nilai kesukaan
70
Lampiran 19. Perhitungan nilai kesukaan dispersi granul effervescent
Formula 1
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
4+5+2+5+3+…+5
30
ỹ=
121
30
ỹ=4,0333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(4-4,0333)2 +(5-4,0333)2 +(2-4,0333)2 +…+(5-4,0333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
28,9667
30
S2 =0,9656
S=�S2
S=�0,9656
S=0,9827
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (4,0333-(1,96×0,9827/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (4,0333+(1,96×0,9827/√30))
P (4,0333-0,3517) ≤ μ ≤ (4,0333+0,3517)
P (3,6817 ≤ μ ≤ 4,3850)
71
Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Formula 2
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
5+4+5+4+5+…+4
30
ỹ=
117
30
ỹ=3,9000
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(5-3,9000)2 +(4-3,9000)2 +(5-3,9000)2 +…+(4-3,9000)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
28,7000
30
S2 =0,9567
S=�S2
S=�0,9567
S=0,9781
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (3,9000-(1,96×0,9781/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (3,9000+(1,96×0,9781/√30))
P (3,9000-0,3500) ≤ μ ≤ (3,9000+0,3500)
P (3,5500 ≤ μ ≤ 4,2500)
72
Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Formula 3
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
1+3+4+2+4+…+3
30
ỹ=
111
30
ỹ=3,7000
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(1-3,7000)2 +(3-3,7000)2 +(4-3,7000)2 +…+(3-3,7000)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
30,3000
30
S2 =1,0100
S=�S2
S=�1,0100
S=1,0050
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (3,7000-(1,96×1,0050/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (3,7000+(1,96×1,0050/√30))
P (3,7000-0,3596) ≤ μ ≤ (3,7000+0,3596)
P (3,3404 ≤ μ ≤ 4,0596)
73
Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Formula 4
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
3+2+3+3+2+…+1
30
ỹ=
67
30
ỹ=2,2333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(3-2,2333)2 +(2-2,2333)2 +(3-2,2333)2 +…+(1-2,2333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
15,3667
30
S2 =0,5122
S=�S2
S=�0,5122
S=0,7157
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (2,2333-(1,96×0,9827/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (2,2333+(1,96×0,9827/√30))
P (2,2333-0,2561) ≤ μ ≤ (2,2333+0,2561)
P (1,9772 ≤ μ ≤ 2,4894)
74
Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Formula 5
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
2+1+1+1+1+…+2
30
ỹ=
34
30
ỹ=1,1333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(2-1,1333)2 +(1-1,1333)2 +(1-1,1333)2 +…+(2-1,1333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
3,4667
30
S2 =0,1156
S=�S2
S=�0,1156
S=0,3400
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (1,1333-(1,96×0,3400/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (1,1333+(1,96×0,3400/√30))
P (1,1333-0,1217) ≤ μ ≤ (1,1333+0,1217)
P (1,0117 ≤ μ ≤ 1,2550)
75
Lampiran 20. Perhitungan nilai kesukaan rasa granul effervescent
Formula 1
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
4+3+1+2+3+…+1
30
ỹ=
84
30
ỹ=2,8000
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(4-2,8000)2 +(3-2,8000)2 +(1-2,8000)2 +…+(1-2,8000)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
60,8000
30
S2 =2,0267
S=�S2
S=�2,0267
S=1,4236
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (2,8000-(1,96×1,4236/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (2,8000+(1,96×1,4236/√30))
P (2,8000-0,5094) ≤ μ ≤ (2,8000+0,5094)
P (2,2906 ≤ μ ≤ 3,3094)
76
Lampiran 20. (Lanjutan)
Formula 2
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
5+5+3+5+5+…+2
30
ỹ=
110
30
ỹ=3,6667
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(5-3,6667)2 +(5-3,6667)2 +(3-3,6667)2 +…+(2-3,6667)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
46,6667
30
S2 =1,5556
S=�S2
S=�1,5556
S=1,2472
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (3,6667-(1,96×1,2472/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (3,6667+(1,96×1,2472/√30))
P (3,6667-0,4463) ≤ μ ≤ (3,6667+0,4463)
P (3,2204 ≤ μ ≤ 4,1130)
77
Lampiran 20. (Lanjutan)
Formula 3
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
3+1+4+4+4+…+4
30
ỹ=
111
30
ỹ=3,7000
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(3-3,7000)2 +(1-3,7000)2 +(4-3,7000)2 +…+(4-3,7000)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
36,3000
30
S2 =1,2100
S=�S2
S=�1,2100
S=1,1000
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (3,7000-(1,96×1,1000/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (3,7000+(1,96×1,1000/√30))
P (3,7000-0,3936) ≤ μ ≤ (3,7000+0,3936)
P (3,3064 ≤ μ ≤ 4,0936)
78
Lampiran 20. (Lanjutan)
Formula 4
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
1+2+2+1+1+…+3
30
ỹ=
76
30
ỹ=2,5333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(1-2,5333)2 +(2-2,5333)2 +(2-2,5333)2 +…+(3-2,5333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
29,4667
30
S2 =0,9822
S=�S2
S=�0,9822
S=0,9911
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (2,5333-(1,96×0,9911/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (2,5333+(1,96×0,9911/√30))
P (2,5333-0,3547) ≤ μ ≤ (2,5333+0,3547)
P (2,1787 ≤ μ ≤ 2,8880)
79
Lampiran 20. (Lanjutan)
Formula 5
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
2+4+5+3+2+…+5
30
ỹ=
69
30
ỹ=2,3000
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(2-2,3000)2 +(4-2,3000)2 +(5-2,3000)2 +…+(5-2,3000)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
76,3000
30
S2 =2,5433
S=�S2
S=�2,5433
S=1,5948
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (2,3000-(1,96×1,5948/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (2,3000+(1,96×1,5948/√30))
P (2,3000-0,5707) ≤ μ ≤ (2,3000+0,5707)
P (1,7293 ≤ μ ≤ 2,8707)
80
Lampiran 21. Perhitungan nilai kesukaan warna granul effervescent
Formula 1
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
3+2+2+2+3+…+2
30
ỹ=
98
30
ỹ=3,2667
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(3-3,2667)2 +(2-3,2667)2 +(2-3,2667)2 +…+(2-3,2667)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
49,8667
30
S2 =1,6622
S=�S2
S=�1,6622
S=1,2893
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (3,2667-(1,96×1,2893/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (3,2667+(1,96×1,2893/√30))
P (3,2667-0,4614) ≤ μ ≤ (3,2667+0,4614)
P (2,8053 ≤ μ ≤ 3,7280)
81
Lampiran 21. (Lanjutan)
Formula 2
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
4+4+5+5+4+…+4
30
ỹ=
120
30
ỹ=4,0000
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(4-4,0000)2 +(4-4,0000)2 +(5-4,0000)2 +…+(4-4,0000)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
20,0000
30
S2 =0,6667
S=�S2
S=�0,6667
S=0,8165
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (4,0000-(1,96×0,8165/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (4,0000+(1,96×0,8165/√30))
P (4,0000-0,2922) ≤ μ ≤ (4,0000+0,2922)
P (3,7078 ≤ μ ≤ 4,2922)
82
Lampiran 21. (Lanjutan)
Formula 3
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
5+3+4+4+5+…+5
30
ỹ=
121
30
ỹ=4,0333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ӯ)
n
(5-4,0333)2 +(3-4,0333)2 +(4-4,0333)2 +…+(5-4,0333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
26,9667
30
S2 =0,8989
S=�S2
S=�0,8989
S=0,9481
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (4,0333-(1,96×0,9481/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (4,0333+(1,96×0,9481/√30))
P (4,0333-0,3393) ≤ μ ≤ (4,0333+0,3393)
P (3,6941 ≤ μ ≤ 4,3726)
83
Lampiran 21. (Lanjutan)
Formula 4
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
2+1+3+1+2+…+1
30
ỹ=
59
30
ỹ=1,9667
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(2-1,9667)2 +(1-1,9667)2 +(3-1,9667)2 +…+(1-1,9667)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
20,9667
30
S2 =0,6989
S=�S2
S=�0,6989
S=0,8360
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (1,9667-(1,96×0,8360/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (1,9667+(1,96×0,8360/√30))
P (1,9667-0,2992) ≤ μ ≤ (1,9667+0,2992)
P (1,6675 ≤ μ ≤ 2,2658)
84
Lampiran 21. (Lanjutan)
Formula 5
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
1+5+1+3+1+…+3
30
ỹ=
52
30
ỹ=1,7333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(1-1,7333)2 +(5-1,7333)2 +(1-1,7333)2 +…+(3-1,7333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
37,8667
30
S2 =1,2622
S=�S2
S=�1,2622
S=1,1235
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (1,7333-(1,96×1,1235/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (1,7333+(1,96×1,1235/√30))
P (1,7333-0,4020) ≤ μ ≤ (1,7333+0,4020)
P (1,3313 ≤ μ ≤ 2,1354)
85
Lampiran 22. Perhitungan nilai kesukaan aroma granul effervescent
Formula 1
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
2+4+1+2+3+…+1
30
ỹ=
86
30
ỹ=2,8667
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(2-2,8667)2 +(4-2,8667)2 +(1-2,8667)2 +…+(1-2,8667)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
53,4667
30
S2 =1,7822
S=�S2
S=�1,7822
S=1,3350
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (2,8667-(1,96×1,3350/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (2,8667+(1,96×1,3350/√30))
P (2,8667-0,4777) ≤ μ ≤ (2,8667+0,4777)
P (2,3889 ≤ μ ≤ 3,3444)
86
Lampiran 22. (Lanjutan)
Formula 2
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
3+3+3+5+5+…+2
30
ỹ=
112
30
ỹ=3,7333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(3-3,7333)2 +(3-3,7333)2 +(3-3,7333)2 +…+(2-3,7333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
29,8667
30
S2 =0,9956
S=�S2
S=�0,9956
S=0,9978
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (3,7333-(1,96×0,9978/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (3,7333+(1,96×0,9978/√30))
P (3,7333-0,3571) ≤ μ ≤ (3,7333+0,3571)
P (3,3763 ≤ μ ≤ 4,0904)
87
Lampiran 22. (Lanjutan)
Formula 3
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
5+2+4+3+4+…+5
30
ỹ=
118
30
ỹ=3,9333
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(5-3,9333)2 +(2-3,9333)2 +(4-3,9333)2 +…+(5-3,9333)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
31,8667
30
S2 =1,0622
S=�S2
S=�1,0622
S=1,0306
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (3,9333-(1,96×1,0306/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (3,9333+(1,96×1,0306/√30))
P (3,9333-0,3688) ≤ μ ≤ (3,9333+0,3688)
P (3,5645 ≤ μ ≤ 4,3021)
88
Lampiran 22. (Lanjutan)
Formula 4
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
4+1+2+1+2+…+3
30
ỹ=
65
30
ỹ=2,1667
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(4-2,1667)2 +(1-2,1667)2 +(2-2,1667)2 +…+(3-2,1667)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
30,1667
30
S2 =1,0056
S=�S2
S=�1,0056
S=1,0027
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (2,1667-(1,96×1,0027/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (2,1667+(1,96×1,0027/√30))
P (2,1667-0,3588) ≤ μ ≤ (2,1667+0,3588)
P (1,8079 ≤ μ ≤ 2,5255)
89
Lampiran 22. (Lanjutan)
Formula 5
ỹ=
∑ni=1 xi
n
ỹ=
1+5+5+4+1+…+4
30
ỹ=
69
30
ỹ=2,3000
n
S2 =
2
∑i=1 (xi-ỹ)
n
(1-2,3000)2 +(5-2,3000)2 +(5-2,3000)2 +…+(4-2,3000)2
S =
30
2
S2 =
76,3000
30
S2 =2,5433
S=�S2
S=�2,5433
S=1,5948
P (ỹ-(1,96×s/√n)) ≤ μ ≤ (ỹ+(1,96×s/√n))≅95%
P (2,3000-(1,96×1,5948/√30)) ≤ μ ≤ (2,3000+(1,96×1,5948/√30))
P (2,3000-0,5707) ≤ μ ≤ (2,3000+0,5707)
P (1,7293 ≤ μ ≤ 2,8707)
90
Lampiran 23. Gambar volunter uji kesukaan
Gambar volunter uji kesukaan
Gambar volunter uji kesukaan
91
Lampiran 24. Gambar alat-alat yang digunakan
Gambar alat pemeras jeruk
Gambar erlenmeyer
Gambar alat waktu alir dan sudut diam
Gambar beaker glass
Gambar labu tentukur
92
Lampiran 24. (Lanjutan)
Gambar pipet volume
Gambar statif, klem dan buret
93
Lampiran 25. Gambar bahan yang digunakan
Gambar pewarna orange pasta
Gambar laktosa
Gambar bahan fase dalam
Gambar bahan fase luar
94