PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA KOMIK FRENCH SERVICE SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X JURUSAN JASA BOGA SMK N 1 KALASAN.
JURUSAN JASA BOGA SMK N 1 KALASAN
SKRIPSI
D i a j u k a n K e p a d a F a k u l t a s T e k n i k U n i v e r s i t a s N e g e r i Y o g y a k a r t a U n t u k M e m e n u h i S e b a g i a n P e r s y a r a t a n G u n a M e m p e r o l e h
G e l a r S e r j a n a P e n d i d i k a n
Disusun oleh : Nurul Hasbiana NIM 09511242007
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK BOGA JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK BOGA DAN BUSANA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA JUNI 2012
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MOTTO
Setiap orang seharusnya melakukan 2 hal dengan sungguh-sungguh: 1. Mengerjakan hal yang sangat dia suka
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PERSEMBAHAN
Kupersembahkan karya sederhana ini untuk Bapak, Ibu dan adik-adik yang telah memberi warna dalam hidupku.
Terima kasih buat Sabaku No Gaara (NanDesign) yang membantu membuatkan sketsa dan memberikan saran.
Terima kasih dan rasa hormatku pada almamater Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta atas ajaran dan bimbingan yang sangat berharga.
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SMK N 1 KALASAN
O l e h N u r u l H a s b i a n a N I M 09511242007
ABSTRAK
T u j u a n d a r i p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h 1) m e n g e m b a n g k a n k o m i k French Service y a n g d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i s u m b e r b e l a j a r s i s w a k e l a s X J u r u s a n J a s a B o g a d i S M K N 1 K a l a s a n d a n 2) m e n g e t a h u i k e l a y a k a n k o m i k French Service u n t u k d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i s u m b e r b e l a j a r s i s w a k e l a s X J u r u s a n J a s a B o g a d i S M K N 1 K a l a s a n .
J e n i s p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h research and development y a n g d i l a k s a n a k a n s e l a m a 10 b u l a n , y a i t u m u l a i b u l a n S e p t e m b e r 2011 s a m p a i J u n i 2012. S u b y e k d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h 33 o r a n g s i s w a k e l a s X J u r u s a n J a s a B o g a S M K 1 K a l a s a n , s e d a n g k a n o b y e k p e n e l i t i a n a d a l a h k o m i k French Service. M e t o d e p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n w a w a n c a r a , o b s e r v a s i d a n m e n g g u n a k a n a n g k e t . P e n g u k u r a n v a l i d i t a s i n s t r u m e n y a n g d i g u n a k a n o l e h a h l i m e d i a d a n a h l i m a t e r i d i l a k u k a n m e l a l u i expert judgement, s e d a n g k a n a n g k e t y a n g d i g u n a k a n o l e h s i s w a d i h i t u n g d e n g a n k o r e l a s i product moment d e n g a n h a s i l d a r i 17 b u t i r p e r n y a t a a n , 15 b u t i r v a l i d d a n 2 b u t i r t i d a k v a l i d . p e n g u k u r a n r e l i a b i l i t a s i n s t r u m e n t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n r u m u s alpha cronbarch d e n g a n s k o r 0, 823 y a n g b e r a r t i r e l i a b e l . M e t o d e a n a l i s i s d a t a y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h m e t o d e d e s k r i p t i f .
H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n y a i t u : 1) P e n g e m b a n g a n K o m i k French Service d i l a k u k a n m e l a l u i a ) a n a l i s i s k e b u t u h a n , b ) p e r e n c a n a a n p e n g e m b a n g a n p r o d u k y a n g t e r d i r i d a r i p e n g u m p u l a n m a t e r i French Service, p e r a n c a n g a n s y n o p s i s c e r i t a d a n s c e n a r i o k o m i k , d a n p e m b u a t a n d e s a i n / s k e t s a p r o d u k , c ) p e n g e m b a n g a n p r o d u k y a n g t e r d i r i d a r i p r o s e s p e m b u a t a n k o m i k d a n p r o s e s p e n c e t a k a n k o m i k French Service, d ) p e n i l a i a n k e l a y a k a n p r o d u k o l e h a h l i m e d i a d a n a h l i m a t e r i , e ) u j i c o b a k e l o m p o k k e c i l , f ) u j i c o b a l a p a n g a n d a n g ) p e n y e m p u r n a a n p r o d u k a k h i r , 2) H a s i l p e n i l a i a n k e l a y a k a n p r o d u k o l e h a h l i m e d i a m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a s e c a r a k e s e l u r u h a n , t i n g k a t k e l a y a k a n k o m i k French Service a d a l a h 86% d a n t e r m a s u k k a t e g o r i s a n g a t l a y a k , s e d a n g k a n m e n u r u t a h l i m a t e r i , t i n g k a t k e l a y a k a n k o m i k French Service a d a l a h 75% a t a u t e r m a s u k k a t e g o r i l a y a k . U j i c o b a l a p a n g a n a w a l m e n u n j u k k a n t i n g k a t k e l a y a k a n k o m i k French Service a d a l a h 86% y a n g t e r m a s u k k a t e g o r i s a n g a t l a y a k d a n u j i c o b a l a p a n g a n m e n u n j u k k a n t i n g k a t k e l a y a k a n k o m i k French Service a d a l a h 81% y a n g t e r m a s u k k a t e g o r i s a n g a t l a y a k .
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k a r e n a a t a s b e r k a t , r a h m a t d a n k a r u n i a - N y a p e n u l i s d a p a t m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i d e n g a n j u d u l “P e n g e m b a n g a n M e d i a K o m i k French Service S e b a g a i S u m b e r B e l a j a r S i s w a K e l a s X J u r u s a n J a s a B o g a S M K N 1 K a l a s a n ”.
K e b e r h a s i l a n p e n u l i s a n t u g a s a k h i r s k r i p s i i n i , t i d a k l e p a s d a r i b a n t u a n b e b e r a p a p i h a k , u n t u k i t u p e n u l i s m e n g u c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h k e p a d a :
1. D r . M o c h . B r u r i T r i y o n o , s e l a k u D e k a n F a k u l t a s T e k n i k U n i v e r s i t a s N e g e r i Y o g y a k a r t a .
2. N o o r F i t r i h a n a , M .E n g , s e l a k u K e t u a J u r u s a n P r o g r a m S t u d i P e n d i d i k a n T e k n i k B o g a d a n B u s a n a F T U N Y
3. F i t r i R a h m a w a t i , M .P s e l a k u p e m b i m b i n g s k r i p s i y a n g t e l a h b a n y a k m e l u a n g k a n w a k t u n y a u n t u k m e m b e r i k a n b i m b i n g a n d a n s a r a n y a n g b e r h a r g a .
4. S u t r i y a t i P u r w a n t i , M .S i , s e l a k u K o o r d i n a t o r P r o g r a m S t u d i P e n d i d i k a n T e k n i k B o g a y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n b i m b i n g a n d a n d o r o n g a n .
5. D o s e n d a n k a r y a w a n F a k u l t a s T e k n i k y a n g t e l a h b a n y a k m e m b e r i k a n b i m b i n g a n , k e r j a s a m a d a n m a s u k a n k e p a d a p e n u l i s .
6. R e k a n - r e k a n s e p e r j u a n g a n d a n t e m a n - t e m a n a t a s s e m u a k e r j a s a m a d a n d u k u n g a n n y a .
7. S e m u a p i h a k y a n g t i d a k d a p a t p e n u l i s s e b u t k a n s a t u - p e r s a t u , t e r i m a k a s i h a t a s b a n t u a n n y a .
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d e n g a n s e n a n g h a t i . A k h i r k a t a , s e m o g a p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i d a p a t b e r g u n a b a g i k i t a s e m u a .
Y o g y a k a r t a , J u n i 2012
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H a l a m a n
H A L A M A N J U D U L ... i
H A L A M A N P E R S E T U J U A N ... i i P E R N Y A T A A N ... i i i P E N G E S A H A N ... i v M O T T O ... v
P E R S E M B A H A N ... v i A B S T R A K ... v i i K A T A P E N G A N T A R ... v i i i D A F T A R I S I ... x
D A F T A R T A B E L ... x i i i D A F T A R G A M B A R ... x i v D A F T A R L A M P I R A N ... x v BAB I PENDAHULUAN A . L a t a r B e l a k a n g ... 1
B . I d e n t i f i k a s i M a s a l a h ... 5
C . B a t a s a n M a s a l a h ... 5
D . R u m u s a n M a s a l a h ... 6
E . T u j u a n P e n g e m b a n g a n ... 6
F . M a n f a a t P e n g e m b a n g a n ... 6
G . S p e s i f i k a s i P r o d u k ... 7
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA A . M e d i a P e m b e l a j a r a n ... 8
1. J e n i s - j e n i s M e d i a ... 8
2. M a n f a a t M e d i a ... 10
3. F u n g s i M e d i a ... 10
B . S u m b e r B e l a j a r ... 11
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3. B a h a n d a n P e r a l a t a n P e m b u a t a n K o m i k ... 16
4. L a n g k a h P e m b u a t a n K o m i k ... 19
5. K o m i k S e b a g a i M e d i a d a n S u m b e r B e l a j a r ... 20
D . French Sevice ... 24
1. P e n g e r t i a n ... 24
2. P e r a l a t a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n ... 25
3. K e l e b i h a n d a n K e k u r a n g a n French Service... 25
4. P r o s e d u r P e l a y a n a n French Service ... 26
E . H a s i l P e n e l i t i a n y a n g R e l e v a n ... 27
F . K e r a n g k a P i k i r ... 30
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN A . J e n i s P e n e l i t i a n ... 32
B . W a k t u d a n T e m p a t P e n e l i t i a n ... 32
C . S u b y e k d a n O b y e k P e n e l i t i a n ... 32
D . P r o s e d u r P e n e l i t i a n ... 32
E . I n s t r u m e n P e n e l i t i a n ... 35
F . M e t o d e P e n g u m p u l a n D a t a ... 40
G . M e t o d e A n a l i s i s D a t a ... 41
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN A . H a s i l P e n e l i t i a n ... 43
1. P e n g e m b a n g a n K o m i k French Sevice ... 43
a . A n a l i s i s K e b u t u h a n ... 43
b . P e r e n c a n a a n P e n g e m b a n g a n P r o d u k ... 45
c . P e n g e m b a n g a n p r o d u k ... 48
2. P e n i l a i a n K e l a y a k a n P r o d u k ... 52
a . V a l i d a s i A h l i M e d i a d a n M a t e r i ... 52
b . U j i c o b a l a p a n g a n a w a l d a n r e v i s i p r o d u k ... 54
c . U j i c o b a l a p a n g a n ... 55
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2. P e n i l a i a n K e l a y a k a n P r o d u k ... 60
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN A . S i m p u l a n ... 63
B . S a r a n ... 64
D A F T A R P U S T A K A ... 65
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H a l a m a n
T a b e l 1. K i s i - K i s i l e m b a r o b s e r v a s i ... 36
T a b e l 2. K i s i - K i s i I n s t r u m e n U n t u k A h l i M e d i a P e m b e l a j a r a n ... 37
T a b e l 3. K i s i - K i s i I n s t r u m e n U n t u k A h l i M a t e r i ... 38
T a b e l 4. K i s i - K i s i I n s t r u m e n P e n g g u n a M e d i a P e m b e l a j a r a n O l e h S i s w a 38
T a b e l 5. M e t o d e P e n g u m p u l a n D a t a d a n I n s t r u m e n t y a n g D i g u n a k a n ... 41
T a b e l 6. K r i t e r i a P e n i l a i a n K e l a y a k a n K o m i k French Service ... 42
T a b e l 7. S u m b e r B u k u P e n y u s u n a n K o m i k French Service ... 45
T a b e l 8. S u m b e r I n t e r n e t P e n y u s u n a n K o m i k French Service ... 45
T a b e l 9. H a s i l V a l i d a s i A h l i M e d i a ... 53
T a b e l 10. H a s i l V a l i d a s i A h l i M a t e r i ... 54
T a b e l 11. H a s i l U j i c o b a l a p a n g a n A w a l ... 54
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H a l a m a n
G a m b a r 1. P r o s e d u r M e r a n c a n g S u m b e r B e l a j a r ... 12
G a m b a r 2. K o m i k a l i r a n A m e r i k a ... 14
G a m b a r 3. K o m i k A l i r a n J e p a n g ... 15
G a m b a r 4. K e r a n g k a B e r p i k i r ... 32
G a m b a r 5. P r o s e d u r P e n g e m b a n g a n ... 34
G a m b a r 6. R u m u s k o r e l a s i product moment ... 39
G a m b a r 7. R u m u s Alpha cronbarch ... 40
G a m b a r 8. R u m u s P e r s e n t a s e k e l a y a k a n ... 41
G a m b a r 9. P r o s e s P e m b u a t a n S k e t s a K o m i k French Service ... 47
G a m b a r 10. H a s i l S k e t s a S e t e l a h D i l a k u k a n Scanning ... 49
G a m b a r 11. S k e t s a D i g i t a l y a n g T e l a h d i i m p o r t d i P r o g r a m M a n g a S t u d i o . 49
G a m b a r 12. P r o s e s P e n i n t a a n ... 50
G a m b a r 13. P r o s e s P e m b e r i a n T o n e ... 50
G a m b a r 14. P e m b e r i a n B a l o n k a t a ... 51
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H a l a m a n
L a m p i r a n 1. P e d o m a n o b s e r v a s i m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n ... 69
L a m p i r a n 2. P e d o m a n w a w a n c a r a m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n ... 70
L a m p i r a n 3. L e m b a r o b s e r v a s i m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n ... 71
L a m p i r a n 4. H a s i l w a w a n c a r a ... 72
L a m p i r a n 5. S i l a b u s m e l a y a n i m a k a n d a n m i n u m ... 74
L a m p i r a n 6. S i n o p s i s k o m i k french service ... 102
L a m p i r a n 7. R a n c a n g a n p e n g e m b a n g a n m e d i a k o m i k french service ... 103
L a m p i r a n 8. S u r a t p e r m o h o n a n k e s e d i a a n u j i v a l i d a s i ... 111
L a m p i r a n 9. S u r a t p e r n y a t a a n v a l i d i t a s i n s t r u m e n t ... 114
L a m p i r a n 10. L e m b a r o b s e r v a s i a h l i m e d i a d a n a h l i m a t e r i ... 116
L a m p i r a n 11. S u r a t i j i n p e n e l i t i a n ... 124
L a m p i r a n 12. L e m b a r p e n i l a i a n s i s w a u n t u k u j i c o b a i n s t r u m e n t ... 128
L a m p i r a n 13. D a t a u j i c o b a i n s t r u m e n t ... 130
L a m p i r a n 14. H a s i l p e r h i t u n g a n v a l i d i t a s d a n r e l i a b i l i t a s i n s t r u m e n t ... 131
L a m p i r a n 15. L e m b a r p e n i l a i a n k e l a y a k a n p r o d u k o l e h s i s w a ... 139
L a m p i r a n 16. D a t a u j i c o b a l a p a n g a n a w a l d a n u j i c o b a l a p a n g a n ... 141
L a m p i r a n 17. H a s i l p e r h i t u n g a n u j i c o b a l a p a n g a n a w a l d a n u j i c o b a l a p a n g a n ... 142
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PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang Masalah
P a d a h a k e k a t n y a f u n g s i p e n d i d i k a n a d a l a h u n t u k m e n g e m b a n g k a n k e m a m p u a n s e r t a m e n i n g k a t k a n m u t u k e h i d u p a n d a n m a r t a b a t m a n u s i a . S i s w a s e b a g a i s u b j e k b e l a j a r , m e m i l i k i p o t e n s i d a n k a r a k t e r i s t i k u n i k y a n g s a n g a t m e n e n t u k a n k e b e r h a s i l a n p e n d i d i k a n , s e d a n g k a n g u r u b e r t u g a s m e m b a n t u s i s w a m e n c a p a i t u j u a n n y a . P a d a j e n j a n g S e k o l a h M e n e n g a h K e j u r u a n ( S M K ) , d i s a m p i n g p e n e k a n a n p a d a k e m a m p u a n a k a d e m i k d a n k e m a m p u a n u m u m , d i a j a r k a n p u l a k e m a m p u a n k e j u r u a n s e b a g a i b e k a l a n t i s i p a s i m e m a s u k i d u n i a k e r j a . K e m a m p u a n k e j u r u a n y a n g d i a j a r k a n k e p a d a s i s w a d i s e s u a i k a n d e n g a n j u r u s a n y a n g d i t e m p u h .
S M K N 1 K a l a s a n m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u s e k o l a h m e n e n g a h k e j u r u a n y a n g b e r a d a d i K a b u p a t e n S l e m a n , Y o g y a k a r t a . S a l a h s a t u j u r u s a n y a n g a d a d i s e k o l a h i n i a d a l a h j u r u s a n J a s a B o g a . J u r u s a n J a s a B o g a d i S M K N 1 K a l a s a n b e r d i r i p a d a t a h u n 2009 d a n m e m i l i k i s a t u k e l a s . K a r e n a j u r u s a n j a s a b o g a m a s i h t e r g o l o n g b a r u , m a k a p e n g g u n a a n b u k u d a n m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n s e b a g a i s u m b e r b e l a j a r b a g i s i s w a m a s i h k u r a n g .
B e r d a s a r k a n o b s e r v a s i y a n g d i l a k u k a n , M e l a y a n i M a k a n d a n M i n u m m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u s t a n d a r k o m p e t e n s i y a n g d i a j a r k a n d i J u r u s a n J a s a B o g a S M K N 1 K a l a s a n . P a d a s t a n d a r k o m p e t e n s i i n i s i s w a d i a j a r k a n t e n t a n g h a l y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n t a t a c a r a d a n s i s t e m p e l a y a n a n m a k a n a n d a n m i n u m a n .
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B e b e r a p a s i s t e m p e l a y a n a n y a n g d i a j a r k a n a d a l a h 1) American service, 2) Russian Service, 3) French Sevice , 4) English Service, 5) Buffet Service d a n 6) Banquet service.
French Service m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u s i s t e m p e l a y a n a n y a n g h a r u s d i p e l a j a r i o l e h s i s w a j u r u s a n J a s a B o g a S M K N 1 K a l a s a n . K e g i a t a n p e m b e l a j a r a n u n t u k s i s t e m p e l a y a n a n i n i b e r u p a t e o r i , s e d a n g k a n p e l a j a r a n p r a k t i k French Service y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n g a s a h k e t r a m p i l a n p e l a y a n a n t i d a k d a p a t d i l a k s a n a k a n k a r e n a a d a n y a k e t e r b a t a s a n t e m p a t , w a k t u , a l a t s e r t a s u m b e r d a y a . W a l a u p u n d e m i k i a n , n i l a i s i s w a k e l a s X d a l a m k o m p e t e n s i d a s a r i n i s u d a h m e n c u k u p i k r i t e r i a k o m p e t e n s i m i n i m a l y a n g d i t e t a p k a n y a i t u s e b e s a r 70.
O b s e r v a s i d a n w a w a n c a r a y a n g d i l a k u k a n m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a s u m b e r b e l a j a r y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e m p e l a j a r i m a t e r i French Service m a s i h k u r a n g . B u k u y a n g d i g u n a k a n d i s e k o l a h i n i b e r u p a b u k u t e k s s e h i n g g a s i s w a m a s i h k u r a n g m e m a h a m i a l u r p e l a y a n a n n y a . S e l a i n i t u , s i s w a m a s i h k e s u l i t a n u n t u k m e m p e l a j a r i m a t e r i i n i k a r e n a b a n y a k n n y a i s t i l a h d e n g a n b a h a s a I n g g r i s y a n g d i p a k a i .
U n t u k m e n a j a m k a n k o m p e t e n s i s i s w a t e r h a d a p s i s t e m p e l a y a n a n French Service, s e l a i n b u k u d a n p e r a l a t a n p r a k t i k , d a p a t d i g u n a k a n m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n l a i n y a n g m e n a r i k d a n s e s u a i u n t u k b e l a j a r s i s w a s e c a r a m a n d i r i . M e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n d a p a t m e m b a n t u g u r u u n t u k m e n g a t a s i k e t e r b a t a s a n p e n g a l a m a n y a n g d i m i l i k i o l e h s i s w a , k a r e n a m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n d a p a t m e l a m p a u i b a t a s a n r u a n g k e l a s .
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A d a b e b e r a p a j e n i s m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n y a n g d a p a t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e m b a n t u s i s w a j u r u s a n J a s a B o g a S M K N 1 K a l a s a n d a l a m m e m p e l a j a r i French Service, y a i t u m e d i a v i s u a l a n t a r a l a i n g a m b a r / g r a f i s , chart, s k e t s a , p o s t e r , p a p a n f l a n n e l d a n p a p a n b u l e t i n , s e r t a m e d i a v i s u a l p r o y e k s i s e p e r t i O H P d a n L C D P r o y e k t o r .
M a s i n g - m a s i n g m e d i a t e r s e b u t m e m i l i k i k e l e b i h a n d a n k e k u r a n g a n , s e h i n g g a p e n g g u n a a n n y a d a l a m p r o s e s p e m b e l a j a r a n h a r u s d i d a s a r k a n k e b u t u h a n , a g a r d a p a t m e n g e f e k t i f k a n p r o s e s p e m b e l a j a r a n t e r s e b u t . M e n g i n g a t a d a n y a b e r b a g a i k e t e r b a t a s a n d i S M K N 1 K a l a s a n , s a l a h s a t u a l t e r n a t i f m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n y a n g d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i s u m b e r b e l a j a r French Service a d a l a h m e d i a g r a f i s b e r u p a k o m i k . K o m i k m e r u p a k a n m e d i a y a n g s e s u a i d e n g a n k a r a k t e r i s t i k s i s w a . S e l a i n i t u , m e n u r u t D a n a ( 2011: 2) , k o m i k d i g e m a r i o l e h r e m a j a d a n dapat dibaca dimana saja”. Oleh karena itu media komik berpotensi u n t u k m e n j a d i s u m b e r b e l a j a r b a g i s i s w a S M K N 1 K a l a s a n .
S e c a r a u m u m , k o m i k s e r i n g d i a r t i k a n s e b a g a i c e r i t a b e r g a m b a r ( W a l u y a n t o , 2010). K o m i k m e r u p a k a n s u a t u b e n t u k m e d i a k o m u n i k a s i v i s u a l y a n g m e m p u n y a i k e k u a t a n u n t u k m e n y a m p a i k a n i n f o r m a s i s e c a r a p o p u l a r d a n
mudah dimengerti. “Aspek visual merupakan salah satu yang ditawarkan oleh
k o m ik” (Hydansyah, 2010). Hal ini dimungkinkan karena komik memadukan k e k u a t a n g a m b a r d a n t u l i s a n , y a n g d i r a n g k a i d a l a m s u a t u a l u r c e r i t a g a m b a r m e m b u a t i n f o r m a s i l e b i h m u d a h d i s e r a p . T e k s m e m b u a t k o m i k l e b i h d i m e n g e r t i , d a n a l u r m e m b u a t l e b i h m u d a h u n t u k d i i k u t i d a n d i i n g a t .
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S e l a m a i n i , k o m i k a t a u c e r i t a b e r g a m b a r m a s i h d i p a n d a n g s e b e l a h m a t a , t e r u t a m a d i k a l a n g a n d u n i a p e n d i d i k a n d i I n d o n e s i a ( S i m a t u p a n g d a l a m K o m p a s , 2011) . M c C l o u d ( 2001: 3) juga menyatakan bahwa “buku komik yang dipahami m a s y a r a k a t a d a l a h b e r i s i c e r i t a a n a k y a n g s a n g a t s e d e r h a n a , y a n g m i s k i n s e n i d a n b a h a s a . H a r g a n y a m u r a h , y a n g sekali baca langsung dibuang”, pa d a h a l s e b a g a i m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n , k o m i k s a n g a t p o t e n s i a l . K o m i k p e m b e l a j a r a n b e r p e r a n a n s e b a g a i a l a t y a n g b e r f u n g s i u n t u k m e n y a m p a i k a n p e s a n p e m b e l a j a r a n . M e n u r u t W a l u y a n t o ( 2010) , j i k a d i t i n j a u d a r i a s p e k f u n g s i p e r e k a y a s a a n k o m i k m e n j a d i s e b u a h m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n , a k a n t a m p a k b a h w a t e r n y a t a s e s u a t u y a n g s e r i u s d a n r u m i t b i s a d i b u a t s e c a r a l e b i h g a m b l a n g d a n m e n y e n a n g k a n .
D a l a m s e b u a h p r o s e s p e m b e l a j a r a n , s i s w a b e l a j a r d e n g a n c a r a m e r e s p o n d a n m e m p r o s e s b a h a n a j a r . M e l a l u i p e m b e l a j a r a n y a n g c o c o k d e n g a n k a r a k t e r i s t i k d a n k e b u t u h a n , d i h a r a p k a n s i s w a S M K N 1 K a l a s a n J u r u s a n J a s a b o g a a k a n l e b i h t e r m o t i v a s i u n t u k b e l a j a r s e h i n g g a k o m p e t e n s i m e r e k a d a p a t m e n i n g k a t .
K e s u l i t a n s i s w a S M K N 1 K a l a s a n d a l a m m e m a h a m i m a t e r i French Service m e n d o r o n g u n t u k d i l a k u k a n n y a i n o v a s i d a l a m p e r a n c a n g a n m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n d e n g a n m e r e k a c i p t a m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n m e n y e n a n g k a n y a n g b e r u p a k o m i k b a g i s i s w a S M K N 1 K a l a s a n . H a l i n i d i d u k u n g o l e h b e b e r a p a p e n e l i t i a n t e n t a n g k o m i k s e b a g a i m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n y a n g t e l a h d i l a k u k a n s e b e l u m n y a , s e p e r t i k o m i k p e m b e l a j a r a n y a n g d i k e m b a n g k a n o l e h H e r y u ( 2011) y a n g m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a k o m i k s a n g a t l a y a k d i g u n a k a n d a l a m p e m b e l a j a r a n g e o g r a f i d i S M A . K o m i k y a n g d i k e m b a n g k a n o l e h A r t e r i e s t a ( 2011) t e n t a n g
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k e s e t i m b a n g a n k i m i a j u g a s a n g a t b a i k d i g u n a k a n d a l a m p e m b e l a j a r a n d i S M A . S e l a i n i t u , p e n e l i t i a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h D a n a ( 2011) y a n g m e n g e m b a n g k a n k o m i k t e k n i k m e s i n d e n g a n m a t e r i p e n g u k u r a n d a s a r d i S M K M a a r i f S a l a m m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a k o m i k t e r s e b u t l a y a k d a n e f e k t i f d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n , m e d i a k o m i k b i s a m e n j a d i s e b u a h a l a t b a n t u d a l a m m e m p e l a j a r i K o m p e t e n s i m e l a y a n i M a k a n d a n M i n u m d e n g a n m a t e r i French Service. P e n g g u n a a n k o m i k s e b a g a i s u m b e r b e l a j a r d i h a r a p k a n d a p a t m e m u d a h k a n d a n m e n a j a m k a n k o m p e t e n s i s i s t e m p e l a y a n a n French Service s i s w a S M K N 1 K a l a s a n J u r u s a n J a s a b o g a .
B. Identifikasi masalah
D a r i u r a i a n d i a t a s , m a k a d a p a t d i i d e n t i f i k a s i b e b e r a p a m a s a l a h y a n g t i m b u l , y a i t u :
1. J u r u s a n j a s a b o g a d i S M K N 1 K a l a s a n b a r u b e r d i r i p a d a t a h u n 2009 d a n m a s i h m e m b u t u h k a n b a n y a k m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n s e b a g a i s u m b e r b e l a j a r s i s w a .
2. B u k u y a n g m e m u a t m a t e r i s i s t e m p e l a y a n a n French Service y a n g d i g u n a k a n s i s w a S M K N 1 K a l a s a n m e r u p a k a n b u k u t e k s b i a s a s e h i n g g a s i s w a k e s u l i t a n u n t u k m e m a h a m i a l u r p e l a y a n a n French Service.
3. B e l u m a d a k o m i k y a n g m e m u a t m a t e r i French Service d i S M K N 1 K a l a s a n . 4. P e l a j a r a n p r a k t i k French Service d i S M K N 1 K a l a s a n t i d a k d a p a t
d i l a k s a n a k a n k a r e n a a d a n y a k e t e r b a t a s a n t e m p a t , w a k t u d a n a l a t .
5. S e l a m a i n i , k o m i k m a s i h d i p a n d a n g r e m e h o l e h k a l a n g a n t e r t e n t u , p a d a h a l s e b a g a i m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n , k o m i k s a n g a t p o t e n s i a l .
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C. Batasan masalah
K e g i a t a n p e n e l i t i a n i n i h a n y a d i b a t a s i p a d a p e n g e m b a n g a n m e d i a k o m i k m a t e r i French service u n t u k s i s w a k e l a s X J u r u s a n J a s a B o g a d i S M K N 1 K a l a s a n .
D. Rumusan Masalah
R u m u s a n m a s a l a h y a n g a d a y a i t u :
1. B a g a i m a n a p e n g e m b a n g a n k o m i k French Service y a n g d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i s u m b e r b e l a j a r s i s w a k e l a s X I J u r u s a n J a s a B o g a d i S M K N 1 K a l a s a n ?
2. B a g a i m a n a k a h k e l a y a k a n k o m i k French Service u n t u k d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i s u m b e r b e l a j a r s i s w a k e l a s X I J u r u s a n J a s a B o g a d i S M K N 1 K a l a s a n ?
E. Tujuan Pengembangan
T u j u a n p e n g e m b a n g a n m e d i a i n i a d a l a h :
1. M e n g e m b a n g k a n k o m i k French Service y a n g d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i s u m b e r b e l a j a r s i s w a k e l a s X I J u r u s a n J a s a B o g a d i S M K N 1 K a l a s a n . 2. M e n g e t a h u i k e l a y a k a n k o m i k French Service u n t u k d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i
s u m b e r b e l a j a r s i s w a k e l a s X I J u r u s a n J a s a B o g a d i S M K N 1 K a l a s a n .
F. Manfaat Pengembangan
M a n f a a t p e n g e m b a n g a n m e d i a k o m i k i n i a d a l a h :
1. B a g i s i s w a , d a p a t m e n g g u n a k a n k o m i k French Service s e b a g a i s u m b e r b e l a j a r .
2. B a g i p e n e l i t i , m e n d a p a t k a n p e n g e t a h u a n d a n p e n g a l a m a n m e n g e m b a n g k a n m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n b e r u p a k o m i k .
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3. K o m i k French Service d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i r e f e r e n s i d i s e k o l a h .
G. Spesifikasi Produk
P r o d u k y a n g d i h a s i l k a n d a r i p e n e l i t i a n d a n p e n g e m b a n g a n i n i a d a l a h : 1. K o m i k y a n g b e r i s i m a t e r i t e n t a n g s i s t e m p e l a y a n a n P e r a n c i s ( French
Service) .
2. B e n t u k b e r u p a b u k u k o m i k , d e n g a n u k u r a n B 6 a t a u s e k i t a r 17, 5 x 11 c m . 3. P r o d u k i n i b e r w a r n a h i t a m p u t i h d e n g a n c o v e r b e r w a r n a ( full color) .
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A. Media Pembelajaran
M e d i a m e r u p a k a n b e n t u k j a m a k d a r i k a t a “medium” yang berarti “antara”. M e n u r u t A s h a r ( 2011:4), “media adalah sumber belajar atau wahana fisik yang m e n g a n d u n g m a t e r i i n s t r u k s i o n a l d i l i n g k u n g a n s i s w a y a n g d a p a t m e r a n g s a n g
siswa untuk belajar”. I W a y a n ( 2007) m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n a d a l a h s e g a l a s e s u a t u y a n g d a p a t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n y a l u r k a n p e s a n ( b a h a n p e m b e l a j a r a n ) , s e h i n g g a d a p a t m e r a n g s a n g p e r h a t i a n , m i n a t , p i k i r a n , d a n p e r a s a a n s i s w a d a l a m k e g i a t a n b e l a j a r u n t u k m e n c a p a i t u j u a n b e l a j a r .
M e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n a d a l a h s e g a l a s e s u a t u y a n g m e n y a n g k u t software d a n hardware y a n g d a p a t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e y a m p a i k a n i s i m a t e r i a j a r d a r i s u m b e r b e l a j a r k e p e b e l a j a r ( i n d i v i d u a t a u k e l o m p o k ) , y a n g d a p a t m e r a n g s a n g p i k i r a n , p e r a s a a n , p e r h a t i a n d a n m i n a t p e b e l a j a r s e d e m i k i a n r u p a s e h i n g g a p r o s e s b e l a j a r ( d i d a l a m / d i l u a r k e l a s ) m e n j a d i l e b i h e f e k t i f ( I W a y a n : 2009) .
D a r i p e n d a p a t - p e n d a p a t t e r s e b u t m a k a d a p a t d i s i m p u l k a n b a h w a m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n a d a l a h s e s u a t u y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n y a m p a i k a n p e s a n p e m b e l a j a r a n k e p a d a s i s w a s e h i n g g a p r o s e s b e l a j a r m e n j a d i l e b i h e f e k t i f .
1. Jenis-Jenis Media Pembelajaran
M e n u r u t A s h a r ( 2011: 29) , j e n i s - j e n i s m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n d i k e l o m p o k k a n m e n j a d i 4 b a g i a n y a i t u :
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1. M e d i a h a s i l t e k n o l o g i c e t a k , y a i t u m e d i a y a n g m e l a l u i p r o s e s p e n c e t a k a n m e k a n i s a t a u f o t o g r a f i s , s e p e r t i t e k s , g r a f i k , f o t o , a t a u r e p r e s e n t a s i f o t o g r a f i k d a n r e p r o d u k s i .
2. M e d i a h a s i l t e k n o l o g i a u d i o - v i s u a l , y a i t u m e d i a y a n g m e n g g u n a k a n m e s i n -m e s i n m e k a n i s d a n e l e k t r o n i k u n t u k m e n y a j i k a n p e s a n - p e s a n a u d i o v i s u a l . 3. M e d i a h a s i l t e k n o l o g i y a n g b e r d a s a r k a n c o m p u t e r , m e r u p a k a n m e d i a y a n g
m e n g g u n a k a n s u m b e r - s u m b e r y a n g b e r b a s i s m i k r o p r o s e s o r u n t u k m e n y a m p a i k a n m a t e r i .
4. M e d i a h a s i l g a b u n g a n t e k n o l o g i c e t a k d a n c o m p u t e r y a n g m e r u p a k a n m e d i a y a n g m e n g g a b u n g k a n p e m a k a i a n b e b e r a p a b e n t u k m e d i a y a n g d i k e n d a l i k a n o l e h c o m p u t e r .
S e d a n g k a n m e n u r u t H e i n i c h a n d M o l e n d a ( 2005) d a l a m D a d a n g ( 2009) , m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n d a p a t d i k l a s i f i k a s i k a n m e n j a d i b e b e r a p a j e n i s y a i t u :
1. T e k s
M e r u p a k a n e l e m e n d a s a r b a g i m e n y a m p a i k a n s u a t u i n f o r m a s i y a n g M e m p u n y a i b e r b a g a i j e n i s d a n b e n t u k t u l i s a n y a n g b e r u p a y a m e m b e r i d a y a t a r i k d a l a m p e n y a m p a i a n i n f o r m a s i .
2. M e d i a A u d i o
M e m b a n t u m e n y a m p a i k a n m a k l u m a t d e n g a n l e b i h b e r k e s a n M e m b a n t u p e r s e m b a h a n . J e n i s a u d i o t e r m a s u k s u a r a l a t a r , m u s i k , a t a u r e k a m a n s u a r a d a n l a i n n y a .
3. M e d i a V i s u a l
M e d i a y a n g d a p a t m e m b e r i k a n r a n g s a n g a n - r a n g s a n g a n v i s u a l s e p e r t i g a m b a r / f o t o , s k e t s a , d i a g r a m , b a g a n , g r a f i k , k a r t u n , p o s t e r , p a p a n b u l e t i n d a n l a i n n y a .
4. M e d i a P r o y e k s i G e r a k
T e r m a s u k d i d a l a m n y a f i l m g e r a k , f i l m g e l a n g , p r o g r a m T V , v i d e o k a s e t ( C D , V C D , a t a u D V D )
5. B e n d a - b e n d a T i r u a n / m i n i a t u r e
S e p e r t i b e n d a - b e n d a t i g a d i m e n s i y a n g d a p a t d i s e n t u h d a n d i r a b a o l e h s i s w a . M e d i a i n i d i b u a t u n t u k m e n g a t a s i k e t e r b a t a s a n b a i k o b y e k m a u p u n s i t u a s i s e h i n g g a p r o s e s p e m b e l a j a r a n t e t a p b e r j a l a n d e n g a n b a i k .
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6. M a n u s i a
T e r m a s u k d i d a l a m n y a g u r u , s i s w a , a t a u p a k a r / a h l i d i b i d a n g / m a t e r i t e r t e n t u .
2. Manfaat Media Pembelajaran
S e c a r a u m u m m a n f a a t m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n a d a l a h m e m p e r l a n c a r i n t e r a k s i a n t a r a g u r u d e n g a n s i s w a s e h i n g g a k e g i a t a n p e m b e l a j a r a n l e b i h a f e k t i f d a n e f i s i e n . S e d a n g k a n s e c a r a l e b i h k h u s u s m a n f a a t m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n y a n g d i u t a r a k a n o l e h K e m p & D a y t o n ( 1985) d a l a m A s h a r ( 2011: 21) a d a l a h :
1. P e n y a m p a i a n p e l a j a r a n y a n g l e b i h b a k u , 2. P e m b e l a j a r a n b i s a l e b i h m e n a r i k ,
3. P e m b e l a j a r a n m e n j a d i l e b i h i n t e r a k t i f d e n g a n d i t e r a p k a n n y a t e o r i b e l a j a r d a n p r i n s i p - p r i n s i p p s i k o l o g i s y a n g d i t e r i m a d a l a m h a l p a r t i s i p a s i s i s w a , u m p a n b a l i k d a n p e n g u a t a n ,
4. L a m a w a k t u p e m b e l a j a r a n y a n g d i p e r l u k a n d a p a t d i p e r s i n g k a t , 5. K u a l i t a s h a s i l b e l a j a r d a p a t d i t i n g k a t k a n ,
6. P e m b e l a j a r a n d a p a t d i b e r i k a n k a p a n d a n d i m a n a d i i n g i n k a n a t a u d i p e r l u k a n , 7. S i k a p p o s i t i f s i s w a t e r h a d a p a p a y a n g m e r e k a p e l a j a r i d a n t e r h a d a p p r o s e s
b e l a j a r d a p a t d i t i n g k a t k a n , d a n
8. P e r a n g u r u d a p a t b e r u b a h k e a r a h y a n g l e b i h p o s i t i f .
3. Fungsi Media Pembelajaran
M e n u r u t I W a y a n ( 2007) , “d a l a m p r o s e s p e m b e l a j a r a n , m e d i a m e m i l i k i f u n g s i s e b a g a i p e m b a w a i n f o r m a s i d a r i s u m b e r ( g u r u ) m e n u j u p e n e r i m a ( s i s w a ) ”. D i s i s i l a i n , L e v i e & L e n t z ( 1982) d a l a m A s h a r ( 2011: 16) m e n g e m u k a k a n 4 f u n g s i m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n , y a i t u :
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1. A t e n s i , y a i t u f u n g s i m e n a r i k d a n m e n g a r a h k a n p e r h a t i a n s i s w a .
2. A f e k t i f , m e r u p a k a n f u n g s i y a n g t e r l i h a t d a r i t i n g k a t k e n i k m a t a n s i s w a k e t i k a b e l a j a r a t a u m e m b a c a t e k s y a n g b e r g a m b a r .
3. K o g n i t i f , y a i t u f u n g s i m e d i a y a n g b e r p e r a n u n t u k m e m p e r l a n c a r p e n c a p a i a n t u j u a n p e n b e l a j a r a n .
4. K o m p e n s a t o r i s , m e r u p a k a n f u n g s i m e d i a u n t u k m e m b a n t u s i s w a y a n g l e m a h d a n l a m b a t m e n e r i m a i s i p e l a j a r a n y a n g d i s a j i k a n d e n g a n t e k s a t a u v e r b a l .
S e l a i n i t u , N u r y a n i , d k k . ( 2003) d a l a m S a n a ( 2009) m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a f u n g s i m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n a d a l a h :
1. M e n i n g k a t k a n m o t i v a s i d a n p e r h a t i a n s i s w a u n t u k b e l a j a r 2. M e n i n g k a t k a n e f e k t i v i t a s d a n e f i s i e n s i p e n y a m p a i a n i n f o r m a s i 3. M e n a m b a h v a r i a s i p e n y a j i a n m a t e r i
4. P e m i l i h a n m e d i a y a n g t e p a t a k a n m e n i m b u l k a n s e m a n g a t , g a r i a h d a n m e n c e g a h k e b o s a n a n s i s w a u n t u k b e l a j a r .
5. K e m u d a h a n m a t e r i u n t u k d i c e r n a d a n l e b i h m e m b e k a s , s e h i n g g a t i d a k m u d a h d i l u p a k a n s i s w a .
6. M e m b e r i k a n p e n g a l a m a n y a n g l e b i h k o n k r i t b a g i h a l y a n g m u n g k i n a b s t r a k .
7. M e n i n g k a t k a n k e i n g i n t a h u a n s i s w a .
8. M e m b e r i k a n s t i m u l u s d a n m e n d o r o n g r e s p o n s i s w a .
B. Sumber Belajar
Association for Education Communication Technology ( d a l a m D a r m o n o ,
2007) menyatakan pengertian sumber belajar adalah “berbagai sumber baik itu
b e r u p a d a t a , o r a n g a t a u w u j u d t e r t e n t u y a n g d a p a t d i g u n a k a n o l e h s i s w a d a l a m b e l a j a r b a i k y a n g d i g u n b a k a n s e c a r a t e r p i s a h m a u p u n s e c a r a t e r k o m b i n a s i s e h i n g g a m e m p e r m u d a h s i s w a d a l a m m e n c a p a i t u j u a n b e l a j a r n y a”. B e n t u k -b e n t u k s u m b e r b e l a j a r m e l i p u t i : 1) P e s a n , 2) O r a n g , 3) B a h a n - b a h a n , 4) a l a t / p e r l e n g k a p a n , 5) p e n d e k a t a n / m e t o d e / t e k n i k , 6) l i n g k u n g a n .
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M e n u r u t A E C T d a l a m D a r m o n o ( 2007) , d i t i n j a u d a r i a s a l u s u l n y a , s u m b e r b e l a j a r d i b e d a k a n m e n j a d i 2 y a i t u :
1. S u m b e r b e l a j a r y a n g d i r a n c a n g , y a i t u s u m b e r b e l a j a r y a n g m e m a n g s e n g a j a d i b u a t u n t u k t u j u a n p e m b e l a j a r a n . C o n t o h n y a a d a l a h b u k u p e l a j a r a n , m o d u l , p r o g r a m a u d i o , p r o g r a m s l i d e s u a r a , t r a n s p a r a n s i ( O H P ) .
2. S u m b e r b e l a j a r y a n g s u d a h t e r s e d i a d a n t i n g g a l d i m a n f a a t k a n , y a i t u s u m b e r b e l a j a r y a n g t i d a k s e c a r a k h u s u s d i r a n c a n g u n t u k k e p e r l u a n p e m b e l a j a r a n n a m u n d a p a t d i t e m u k a n , d i p i l i h d a n d i m a n f a a t k a n u n t u k k e p e r l u a n p e m b e l a j a r a n .c o n t o h n y a : p e j a b a t p e m e r i n t a h , t e n a g a a h l i , p e m u k a a g a m a , o l a h r a g a w a n , k e b u n b i n a t a n g , w a d u k , m u s e u m , f i l m , s a w a h , t e r m i n a l , s u r a t k a b a r , s i a r a n t e l e v i s i , d a n l a i n - l a i n .
S e c a r a s k e m a t i k , p r o s e d u r m e r a n c a n g s u m b e r b e l a j a r d a p a t m e n g i k u t i a l u r s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
G a m b a r 1. P r o s e d u r M e r a n c a n g S u m b e r B e l a j a r S u m b e r : S u d r a j a t ( 2009)
L a n g k a h 1. M e m p e l a j a r i K u r i k u l u m
L a n g k a h 2.
M e n e t a p k a n k o m p e t e n s i s i w a y a n g h e n d a k d i c a p a i L a n g k a h 3.
M e m i l i h d a n m e n e n t u k a n m a t e r i y a n g a k a n d i s a j i k a n L a n g k a h 4.
M e m i l i h d a n m e n e n t u k a n j e n i s d a n s u m b e r b e l a j a r L a n g k a h 5.
M e n g e m b a n g k a n s u m b e r b e l a j a r L a n g k a h 6.
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U n t u k m e r a n c a n g d a n m e n y e d i a k a n s u m b e r b e l a j a r b a g i p e s e r t a d i d i k t i d a k p e r l u m e n g g u n a k a n b i a y a y a n g t i n g g i d a n s u l i t u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n n y a , t e t a p i d a p a t m e n g g u n a k a n k r e a t i v i t a s , s e h i n g g a d i d a p a t k a n s u m b e r b e l a j a r y a n g s e d e r h a n a d a n m u r a h t e t a p i t e t a p m e n a r i k .
C. Komik
M e n u r u t McCloud (2008: 9) “komik adalah gambar- g a m b a r s e r t a l a m b a n g - l a m b a n g y a n g t e r j u k t a p o s i s i d a l a m u r u t a n t e r t e n t u u n t u k m e n y a p a i k a n i n f o r m a s i d a n a t a u m e n c a p a i t a n g gapan estetis dari pembacanya”. L u c k y ( 2002) m e n y a t a k a n , “k o m i k m e r u p a k a n s u a t u c e r i t a y a n g d i s a j i k a n d a l a m g a m b a r -g a m b a r y a n g t e r s t r u k t u r ”, s e d a n g k a n d a l a m K a m u s B e s a r B a h a s a I n d o n e s i a , k o m i k d i d e f i n i s i k a n s e b a g a i c e r i t a b e r g a m b a r ( d a r i m a j a l a h , s u r a t k a b a r , a t a u b e r b e n t u k b u k u ) y a n g u m u m n y a m u d a h d i c e r n a d a n l u c u .
D a r i b e b e r a p a d e f i n i s i k o m i k d i a t a s m a k a d a p a t d i k e t a h u i b a h w a k o m i k a d a l a h g a m b a r s e r t a l a m b a n g y a n g b e r d e k a t a n d a n b e r s t r u k t u r , m e m b e n t u k s e b u a h j a l i n a n c e r i t a y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n y a m p a i k a n i n f o r m a s i .
1. Aliran Komik
A l i r a n u t a m a y a n g m e n d o m i n a s i k o m i k m o d e r n d i i n d o n e s i a a d a l a h a m e r i k a (comics) d a n j e p a n g ( manga) . S e t i a p a l i r a n k o m i k m e m i l i k i c i r i - c i r i y a n g m e m b e d a k a n a n t a r a a l i r a n s a t u d e n g a n y a n g l a i n .
a. Komik aliran amerika
K o m i k y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i a m e r i k a s e p e r t i S p o n g e B o b , T i n T i n , D o n a l D u c k d a n s e b a g a i n y a i n i m e n u r u t N o c t i s ( 2010) m e m i l i k i c i r i - c i r i :
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1. b i a s a n y a m e n a m p i l k a n t e n t a n g k e m a j u a n t e k n o l o g i ( h a l i n i s e j a l a n d e n g a n k h a s A m e r i k a d a l a m m e m b u a t f i l m , y a i t u t e n t a n g k e m a j u a n t e k n o l o g i ) d a n t e n t a n g k e l a i n a n g e n e t i k .
2. P e m b a w a a n k a r t u n l e b i h k a s a r d a n j a r a n g m e n y e r u p a i m a k h l u k a s l i n y a .
3. B i a s a n y a k a r t u n n y a m e n g g u n a k a n h u m o r y a n g b e r a t . 4. T i d a k t e r l a l u s e r i n g m e n a m p i l k a n d r a m a d a l a m k a r t u n n y a . 5. S e r i n g m e n a m p i l k a n k a r a k t e r y a n g u n i k d a n k h a y a l .
6. B i a s a n y a l e b i h m e n o n j o l k a n u n s u r k e r j a s a m a d a l a m c e r i t a k a r t u n n y a . 7. L e b i h m e n a m p i l k a n p e n d i d i k a n i n t e l e g e n s i .
G a m b a r 2. K o m i k A l i r a n A m e r i k a S u m b e r : h t t p : / / w w w .f a n t a s t i c - f o u r - m o v i e .c o m /
f a n t a s t i c - f o u r - c o m i c s / F a n t a s t i c - F o u r - 1.j p g
b.Komik Aliran Jepang
K o m i k j e p a n g a t a u y a n g b i a s a d i s e b u t d e n g a n m a n g a s e p e r t i N a r u t o , S a m u r a i X ( R u r o u n i K e n s h i n ) , O n e P i e c e , B l e a c h , C r a y o n S i n c h a n , d a n s e b a g a i n y a m e n u r u t N o c t i s ( 2010) m e m i l i k i c i r i k h a s y a i t u :
1. L e b i h m e n a m p i l k a n t e n t a n g k e s e d e r h a n a a n .
2. D a l a m p e m b a w a a n n y a , k a r a k t e r d i b u a t s e m i r i p m u n g k i n d e n g a n t o k o h n y a t a .
3. H u m o r y a n g d i t a m p i l k a n a d a l a h h u m o r r i n g a n y a n g c e n d e r u n g g a r i n g . 4. S e r i n g m e n a m p i l k a n s e s u a t u y a n g b e r n o r m a .
5. B i a s a n y a b e r c e r i t a t e n t a n g p e r j u a n g a n s e s e o r a n g d a l a m m e r a i h i m p i a n n y a ( c o n t o h n y a N a r u t o d a n C a p t a i n T s u b a s a ) .
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G a m b a r 3. K o m i k a l i r a n j e p a n g
S u m b e r : h t t p : / / i 2.m a n g a r e a d e r .n e t / r u r o u n i k e n s h i n / 190/ r u r o u n i k e n s h i n -123787.j p g
2. Unsur-Unsur Komik
A n o n y m ( 2003) m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a t e r d a p a t b e b e r a p a u n s u r p e n t i n g d a l a m k o m i k , y a i t u p a n e l , p a r i t , w a r n a , e f e k v i s u a l , c l o s u r e , b i n g k a i w a k t u , d a n p e r a l i h a n p a n e l . U n s u r e - u n s u r t e r s e b u t d a p a t d i j e l a s k a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
1. P a n e l
M e r u p a k a n b i d a n g g a m b a r y a n g m e w a k i l i a d e g a n t e r t e n t u . U k u r a n n y a b e r v a r i a s i b a i k s e c a r a n y a t a m a u p u n a b s t r a k .
2. P a r i t
M e r u p a k a n j e d a a n t a r a p a n e l , m e m i l i k i m o m e n a b s t r a k , t e r c i p t a s e c a r a i m a j i n e r o l e h p e m b a c a . “Parit berperan menciptakan sihir dan misteri yang m e n j a d i j a n t u n g s e b u a h k o m i k " ( M c C l o u d , 2001: 66) .
3. W a r n a
S e l a i n m e m b e r i k a n i d e n t i t a s t o k o h k o m i k , w a r n a j u g a b e r f u n g s i u n t u k m e m b e r i k a n k e s a n p s i k o l o g i s d a n m e n g g a m b a r k a n s i t u a s i d e n g a n l e b i h j e l a s .
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4. E f e k V i s u a l
M e r u p a k a n k e s a n y a n g d i g a m b a r k a n u n t u k m e n e k a n k a n p e n g g a m b a r a n e m o s i , k a r a k t e r , s u a s a n a , g e r a k d a r i t o k o h y a n g b e r s a n g k u t a n .
5. Closure
M e r u p a k a n f e n o m e n a y a n g m e n g a n g g a p b a h w a b a g i a n - b a g i a n y a n g d i l i h a t s e b a g a i s u a t u a l u r m e n y e l u r u h . B a g i a n y a n g t i d a k d i g a m b a r k a n , d i g a m b a r k a n m e l a l u i p e n g a l a m a n p e m b a c a d a l a m p i k i r a n n y a . M e n u r u t M c C l o u d ( 2001:
67), “… closure m e m u n g k i n k a n k i t a m e n g g a b u n g k a n p e r i s t i w a - p e r i s t i w a
tersebut dan menyusun realita yang utuh dan ajeg dalam pikiran”.
6. B i n g k a i W a k t u
M e r u p a k a n p e n g g a m b a r a n w a k t u y a n g t e r d a p a t d a l a m s u a t u p a n e l . 7. P e r a l i h a n P a n e l
P e r a l i h a n p a n e l m e r u p a k a n p e r p i n d a h a n a d e g a n d a r i s u a t u p a n e l k e p a n e l b e r i k u t n y a . S c o t t M c C l o u d ( 2001: 71) m e n g k l a s i f i k a s i k a n b e b e r a p a v a r i a s i p e r a l i h a n p a n e l , y a i t u p a n e l k e p a n e l , y a i t u w a k t u k e w a k t u , s u b y e k d a l a m a k s i - r e a k s i , s u b y e k k e s u b y e k , a d e g a n k e a d e g a n , a s p e k k e a s p e k , d a n n o n s e q u i t u r .
3. Bahan dan Peralatan Pembuatan Komik
B e b e r a p a b a h a n y a n g u m u m n y a d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e m b u a t k o m i k m e n u r u t S e k o l a h K o m i k P i p i l a k a ( 2011) y a i t u k e r t a s , p e n s i l , p e n g h a p u s , t i n t a b a k d a n w h i t e o u t y a n g d a p a t d i j e l a s k a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
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1. K e r t a s
P a d a u m u m n y a , K e r t a s y a n g d u g u n a k a n d i I n d o n e s i a a d a l a h H V S 80g r a t a u k e r t a s H V S 100 g r , j u g a d a p a t m e n g g u n a k a n k e r t a s k h u s u s u n t u k k o m i k y a n g s u d a h m e m i l i k i o u t l i n e .
2. P e n s i l
A d a d u a j e n i s p e n s i l y a n g b i a s a d i p a k a i , y a i t u p e n s i l b e r g a g a n g k a y u d a n p e n s i l m e k a n i k . S e l a i n i t u a d a p e n s i l k h u s u s b e r w a r n a b i r u y a n g b i a s a d i p a k a i u n t u k m e m b u a t s k e t s a .
3. P e n g h a p u s
S e m u a j e n i s p e n g h a p u s y a n g e m p u k d a n t i d a k m e n i n g g a l k a n j e j a k h i t a m d a p a t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e m b u a t k o m i k .
4. T i n t a B a k
T i n t a B a k y a n g b a g u s d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n g g a m b a r a d a l a h t i n t a y a n g w a t e r p r o o f ( t i d a k l u n t u r ) .
5. White Out
A l a t i n i b e r f u n g s i u n t u k m e n g k o r e k s i a p a b i l a a d a k e s a l a h a n p a d a p e n i n t a a n a t a u u n t u k m e m b e r i k a n e f e k t e r t e n t u .
U n t u k m e l a n c a r k a n p r o s e s p e m b u a t a n k o m i k s e c a r a m a n u a l , d i g i t a l a t a u p u n g a b u n g a n a n t a r a m a n u a l d a n d i g i t a l , a d a b e r b a g a i m a c a m a l a t y a n g d i g u n a k a n , t e t a p i t i d a k s e m u a a l a t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e m b u a t k o m i k . P e n g g u n a a n a l a t t e r s e b u t d i s e s u a i k a n d e n g a n k e n y a m a n a n d a n k e b u t u h a n k o m i k u s i t u s e n d i r i . M e n u r u t s e k o l a h k o m i k P i p i l a k a ( 2011) , a l a t - a l a t y a n g b i a s a d i g u n a k a n d a l a m p e m b u a t a n k o m i k a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
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1. Pen
A l a t i n i h a r u s d i c e l u p k a n d a h u l u k e d a l a m t i n t a s e b a g a i s u m b e r t i n t a n y a . G a r i s y a n g d i h a s i l k a n b e r v a r i a s i , d a p a t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n g g a m b a r d e t a i l m a u p u n m e r a s t e r .
2. Brush Pen/Fude Pen
B e r b e n t u k s e p e r t i Technical pen t a p i d e n g a n m a t a p e n a b e r b e n t u k k u a s , a t a u k u a s d e n g a n p e r s e d i a a n t i n t a l a y a k n y a technical pen. B e r f u n g s i s a m a d e n g a n k u a s .
3. S p i d o l
M e r u p a k a n a l a t d e n g a n g a r i s y a n g f l e k s i b e l d a n b e s a r . A l a t i n i t i d a k d i r e k o m e n d a s i k a n k e c u a l i d e n g a n t i n t a y a n g waterproof.
4. P e n g g a r i s
P e n g g a r i s y a n g u m u m d i p a k a i a d a l a h p e n g g a r i s l u r u s , u n t u k s e m u a g a r i s l u r u s d a n p e n g g a r i s s i k u u n t u k m e m u d a h k a n m e m b u a t p a n e l k o m i k .
5. Technical pen
Technical Pen a d a l a h p e n i n t a d e n g a n g a r i s y a n g d i h a s i l k a n k o n s t a n , b i a s a n y a u k u r a n n y a d i t e n t u k a n d e n g a n n o m o r s e p e r t i 005, 01, 02, 03 d s t .
6. K u a s
F u n g s i d a r i a l a t i n i m u l a i d a r i m e m b u a t o u t l i n e s a m p a i m e m b l o k b a g i a n b e s a r d a l a m g a m b a r . G a r i s y a n g d i h a s i l k a n e k s p r e s i f d a n b e r v a r i a s i , t e t a p i m e m b u t u h k a n k e a h l i a n t e r s e n d i r i d a l a m m e n g g u n a k a n n y a .
7. K o m p u t e r
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8. Scanner
S c a n n e r b e r f u n g s i u n t u k m e m i n d a h k a n g a m b a r k e k o m p u t e r . 9. Software P e n g o l a h G a m b a r
P e n g o l a h g a m b a r / k o m i k s a n g a t b e r a g a m , s e p e r t i a d o b e p h o t o s h o p , C o r e l D r a w , A d o b e I l u s t r a t o r , d a n s e b a g a i n y a .
10.Digitizer
A l a t i n i s e m a c a m p e n a d i g i t a l u n t u k m e n i n t a d a n m e w a r n a i d i k o m p u t e r . 11.Printer
M e r u p a k a n a l a t u n t u k m e n c e t a k k o m i k y a n g t e l a h d i b u a t .
4. Langkah Pembuatan Komik
M a s i n g - m a s i n g k o m i k u s m e m i l i k i l a n g k a h - l a n g k a h y a n g b e r b e d a u n t u k m e m b u a t k o m i k , t e t a p i s e c a r a g a r i s b e s a r , l a n g k a h - l a n g k a h p e m b u a t a n k o m i k a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
1. M e n e n t u k a n t e m a
T e m a s e b u a h k o m i k d i t e n t u k a n o l e h k o m i k u s s e n d i r i , s e s u a i d e n g a n k e i n g i n a n n y a d a n s e s u a i d e n g a n t a r g e t p e m b a c a .
2. M e n e n t u k a n a l u r
S e b e l u m k o m i k d i b u a t , k o m i k u s m e m b u a t a l u r c e r i t a s e b a g a i d a s a r a g a r c e r i t a t e t a p f o k u s s e s u a i d e n g a n p e r m a s a l a h a n y a n g d i i n g i n k a n .
3. M e n e n t u k a n t o k o h s e s u a i d e n g a n t e m a
K a r a k t e r t o k o h d i c i p t a k a n s e s u a i d e n g a n c e r i t a . D a l a m h a l i n i d i r e n c a n a k a n c i r i - c i r i f i s i k d a n n o n f i s i k t o k o h , t e r m a s u k l a t a r b e l a k a n g d a n p a k a i a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n .
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4. M e n e n t u k a n s k e n a r i o
L a n g k a h i n i t e r m a s u k m e n y u s u n d i a l o g d a n m e r e n c a n a k a n p a n e l - p a n e l c e r i t a . 5. P r o s e s m e n g g a m b a r
P r o s e s m e n g g a m b a r d a p a t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n 3 c a r a , y a i t u m e n g g u n a k a n p e r a l a t a n m a n u a l , m e n g g u n a k a n p e r a l a t a n d i g i t a l d a n k o m b i n a s i a n t a r a m a n u a l d e n g a n d i g i t a l .
6. P r o s e s p e n c e t a k a n
S e t e l a h k o m i k s e l e s a i d i g a m b a r d a n d i b e r i e f e k s e s u a i d e n g a n s c e n a r i o , m a k a k o m i k d i c e t a k d a n d i l a k u k a n p e n j i l i d a n a g a r m u d a h u n t u k d i b a c a .
5. Komik Sebagai Media dan Sumber Belajar
K o m i k m e r u p a k a n s e b u a h m e d i a y a n g d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i s u m b e r b e l a j a r . K o m i k m e m i l i k i k e k u a t a n g a m b a r d a n t u l i s a n s e h i n g g a l e b i h m u d a h d i m e n g e r t i o l e h p e m b a c a . s e l a i n b e r s i f a t m e n g h i b u r , k o m i k j u g a d a p a t d i k e m b a n g k a n s e b a g a i m e d i a p e m b e r d a y a a n m a s y a r a k a t y a n g b i s a d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i s a r a n a u n t u k m e n c e r d a s k a n b a n g s a .
“K o m i k p e m b e l a j a r a n a d a l a h k o m i k y a n g d i d i s a i n s e c a r a k h u s u s u n t u k m e m b e l a j a r k a n b a i k a s p e k k o g n i t i f , a f e k t i f , m a u p u n p s i k o m o t o r i k d e n g a n c e r i t a y a n g m e n a r i k d a n i l u s t r a s i y a n g m e n d u k u n g t a n p a m e n i n g g a l k a n u n s u r - u n s u r d a r i
sebuah komik” ( A g u s : 2009) . K o m i k d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n j a d i p e r a n t a r a d a l a m t e r j a d i n y a p e m b e l a j a r a n y a i t u s a r a n a p e m b a w a p e s a n d a r i s u m b e r b e l a j a r k e p e n e r i m a p e s a n b e l a j a r ( s i s w a ) .
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P e n g i d e n t i f i k a s i a n t a r g e t s a n g a t p e n t i n g b a g i p e n y u s u n a n k o m i k p e m b e l a j a r a n . I d e n t i f i k a s i t a r g e t b e r d a s a r k a n u s i a m e n u r u t A r j u n a ( 2011) d i a n t a r a n y a :
1. A n a k p r a s e k o l a h ( 3- 5 T a h u n ) , b i a s a n y a l e b i h m e n y u k a i k o m i k d e n g a n t o k o h h e w a n ( f a b l e ) d a n t i d a k m e n y u k a i k o m i k y a n g b e r u n s u r t e r r o r , m e n y u k a i h a l y a n g b e r c o r a k w a r n a - w a r n i d e n g a n g a y a b a h a s a y a n g t i d a k t e r e l a l u s u l i t . 2. A n a k p a d a u s i a s e k o l a h ( 6- 12 T a h u n ) l e b i h m e n y u k a i k o m i k y a n g
m e n g a n d u n g c e r i t a p e t u a l a n g a n , m i s t e r i d a n k e t e g a n g a n d a n m e n y u k a i b e r b a g a i j e n i s w a r n a d e n g a n b a h a s a y a n g p e n u h m o t i v a s i . D i u s i a i n i a n a k b e l u m m e n g u a s a i i s t i l a h - i s t i l a h b a h a s a y a n g s u l i t d a n r u m i t .
3. P a d a u s i a r e m a j a ( 15- 20 T a h u n ) , a n a k m e n y u k a i h a l - h a l y a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n r o m a n d a n p e r c i n t a a n , d e n g a n p e m i l i h a n w a r n a y a n g t i d a k t e r l a l u m e n c o l o k k a r e n a m e r e k a s u d a h m e m p u n y a i s e l e r a w a r n a t e r s e n d i r i . g a y a b a h a s a y a n g d i g u n a k a n l e b i h k o m p l e k s k a r e n a b e r f u n g s i u n t u k m e n a m b a h p e n g e t a h u a n .
4. P e m b a c a D e w a s a ( 20- 25 T a h u n ) c e n d e r u n g m e n y u k a i h a l - h a l y a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n h u m o r , k e j a h a t a n d a n m a s a l a h - m a s a l a h s o s i a l , b u d a y a , e k o n o m i d a n p o l i t i k y a n g t e r j a d i d a l a m k e h i d u p a n s e h a r i - h a r i , d a n c e n d e r u n g s u d a h m e m i l i k i w a r n a f a v o r i t s e n d i r i s e r t a d a p a t m e n g g u n a k a n g a y a b a h a s a y a n g l e b i h k o m p l e k s .
U n s u r v i s u a l m e r u p a k a n u n s u r p e n t i n g d a l a m k o m i k s e b a g a i m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n y a n g t a m p a k o l e h i n d r a p e n g l i h a t a n . A r j u n a ( 2011) m e n y a t a k a n t a h a p p e n g a t u r a n u n s u r v i s u a l d a l a m k o m i k m e l i p u t i h u r u f , b e n t u k d a n g a r i s ,
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k e s e i m b a n g a n , k e s a t u a n , p e n e k a n a n , d a n l a y o u t . U n s u r v i s u a l t e r s e b u t d a p a t d i j e l a s k a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
1. H u r u f
H u r u f y a n g d i g u n a k a n h a r u s m u d a h d i b a c a d a n j e l a s . M e n u r u t S h a l l y ( 2010) , T i n g k a t k e t e r b a c a a n h u r u f t e r g a n t u n g k e p a d a t a m p i l a n b e n t u k / f i s i k , u k u r a n , s e r t a p e n a t a a n h u r u f d a l a m s e b u a h n a s k a h . P e n g g u n a a n j e n i s h u r u f y a n g t e r l a l u b a n y a k a k a n m e n g g a n g g u e s t e t i k a r a n c a n g a n , m e n g a b u r k a n k a r a k t e r i s t i k , d a n j u g a k e s a t u a n r a n c a n g a n . S e d a p a t m u n g k i n m i n i m a l k a n j u m l a h j e n i s h u r u f y a n g a k a n d i p a k a i d e n g a n c a r a m e m a n f a a t k a n k e l u a r g a h u r u f y a n g t e r s e d i a .
2. B e n t u k d a n G a r i s
G a b u n g a n b e n t u k d a n g a r i s d a l a m k o m i k m e n j a d i s e b u a h g a m b a r . G a m b a r d i d a l a m k o m i k d i b u a t s e d e r h a n a d a n j e l a s , t i d a k h a r u s b e r s i f a t n a t u r a l i s .
Menurut Anonim (2012) ”K o n s i s t e n s i p e n g g a m b a r a n t o k o h s a n g a t p e n t i n g d a l a m s e b u a h k o m i k , h a l i n i t e n t u a k a n s a n g a t b e r p e n g a r u h p a d a r a s a k e s i n a m b u n g a n b e r b a g a i t a m p i l a n g a m b a r t o k o h t e t a p n a m p a k , m e s k i p u n p a d a h a l a m a n –h a l a m a n y a n g b e r b e d a d a n p a d a p o s i s i yang berbeda pula”. 3. K e s e i m b a n g a n
D a l a m p e n g g u n a a n b e n t u k , g a r i s , w a r n a d a n h u r u f h a r u s d i s u s u n s e c a r a s e i m b a n g , s e h i n g g a k e s a n y a n g d i s a m p a i k a n d a p a t d t e r i m a d e n g a n b a i k . 4. K e s a t u a n
K e s a t u a n a n t a r a u n s u r y a n g s a t u d e n g a n u n s u r y a n g l a i n h a r u s d i p e r h a t i k a n . H e n d a k n y a k e s a t u a n u n s u r t e r s e b u t t e r l i h a t j e l a s d a n t i d a k m e m b i n g u n g k a n .
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5. P e n e k a n a n
D a l a m m e n y a j i k a n p e s a n a t a u m a t e r i p e m b e l a j a r a n d a l a m b e n t u k k o m i k , m a k a d i p e r l u k a n a d a n y a p e n e k a n a n p a d a u n s u r - u n s u r p o k o k p e s a n y a n g a k a n d i s a m p a i k a n .
6. Layout ( S u s u n a n , t a t a l e t a k )
U n s u r - u n s u r v i s u a l s e p e r t i g a m b a r , k a t a - k a t a , b e n t u k s i m b o l d a n l a i n n y a h a r u s t e r l e b i h d a h u l u d i r e n c a n a k a n b a g a i m a n a s u s u n a n n y a d a l a m m e d a n v i s u a l y a n g a k a n d i s a j i k a n s e h i n g g a d a p a t t e r s u s u n s e c a r a h a r m o n i s .
S e l a i n u n s u r v i s u a l , p e m i l i h a n k o m i k s e b a g a i m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n j u g a h a r u s m e m p e r t i m b a n g k a n a s p e k k e m u d a h a n s e p e r t i y a n g d i u r a i k a n o l e h A r i e f ( 2011: 90) y a i t u k e m u d a h a n d i d a p a t , k e l u w e s a n p e m a k a i a n ( m u d a h d i b a w a k e m a n a - m a n a ) , k e s e s u a i a n n y a d e n g a n s u m b e r - s u m b e r k o n d i s i d a n k e t e r b a t a s a n y a n g a d a s e p e r t i t e n a g a , f a s i l i t a s , d a n a d a n l a i n s e b a g a i n y a .
S e d a n g k a n M e n u r u t R i z c a ( 2010) , p e s a n p e m b e l a j a r a n y a n g d i s a m p a i k a n d a l a m k o m i k p e m b e l a j a r a n d a p a t d i k a t a k a n b a i k a p a b i l a m e m e n u h i b e b e r a p a s y a r a t , y a i t u :
1. P e s a n p e m b e l a j a r a n h a r u s m e n i n g k a t k a n m o t i v a s i p e m e l a j a r . P e m i l i h a n i s i d a n g a y a p e n y a m p a i a n p e s a n m e m p u n y a i t u j u a n m e m b e r i k a n m o t i v a s i k e p a d a p e m e l a j a r .
2. I s i d a n g a y a p e n y a m p a i a n p e s a n j u g a h a r u s m e r a n g s a n g p e m e l a j a r m e m p r o s e s a p a y a n g d i p e l a j a r i s e r t a m e m b e r i k a n r a n g s a n g a n b e l a j a r b a r u .
3. P e s a n p e m b e l a j a r a n y a n g b a i k a k a n m e n g a k t i f k a n p e b e l a j a r d a l a m m e m b e r i k a n t a n g g a p a n , u m p a n b a l i k d a n j u g a m e n d o r o n g p e m b e l a j a r u n t u k m e l a k u k a n p r a k t i k - p r a k t i k d e n g a n b e n a r .
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M a t e r i k o m i k p e m b e l a j a r a n y a n g d i b u a t j u g a h a r u s b e r k u a l i t a s . m e n u r u t W a l k e r & H e s s d a l a m A s h a r ( 2011: 175) , k u a l i t a s i s i d a n t u j u a n s e r t a k u a l i t a s i n s t r u k s i o n a l m a t e r i p a d a m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n d a p a t d i u r a i k a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
1. K u a l i t a s i s i d a n t u j u a n a . K e t e p a t a n
b . K e p e n t i n g a n c . K e l e n g k a p a n d . K e s e i m b a n g a n e . M i n a t / p e r h a t i a n f . K e a d i l a n
g . K e s e s u a i a n d e n g a n s i t u a s i s i s w a 2. K u a l i t a s i n s t r u k s i o n a l
a . M e m b e r i k a n k e s e m p a t a n b e l a j a r b . M e m b e r i k a n b a n t u a n u n t u k b e l a j a r c . K u a l i t a s m e m o t i v a s i
d . F l e k s i b i l i t a s i n s t r u k s i o n a l n y a
e . H u b u n g a n d e n g a n p r o g r a m p e m b e l a j a r a n l a i n n y a f . K u a l i t a s s o c i a l i n t e r a k s i i n s t r u k s i o n a l n y a
g . K u a l i t a s t e s d a n p e n i l a i a n n y a h . D a p a t m e m b e r d a m p a k b a g i s i s w a
i . D a p a t m e m b e r d a m p a k b a g i g u r u d a n p e m b e l a j a r a n n y a
D. French Service
1. Pengertian
French Service a t a u Gueridon Service m e r u p a k a n p e l a y a n a n y a n g b e r s i f a t r e s m i . “C i r i –c i r i p e l a y a n a n i n i a d a l a h d i l a k s a n a k a n o l e h d u a o r a n g p r a m u s a j i y a n g b e r t u g a s s e b a g a i Chef de Rang (captain) d a n Commis de Rang (waiter) s e r t a m e n g g u n a k a n a l a t b a n t u , y a k n i gueridon a t a u m e j a / k e r e t a d o r o n g ” ( M u k h t a r , 2004) . M e n u r u t T h e t a ( 2003) “G uéridon Service is service involving a chef who is assisted by a waiter. There must be complete liaison and teamwork between them and every member of the team”, s e d a n g k a n m e n u r u t M a r s u m W A , ( 2005 : 284) , French Service a d a l a h :
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s u a t u t i p e p e l a y a n a n s i f a t n y a f o r m a l a t a u r e s m i ... m a k a n a n d i s i a p k a n d i d a p u r , d i t a r u h d i a t a s silver plate y a n g b a g u s d a n m e n a r i k . Silver platter t a d i d i t a r u h d i a t a s a l a t p e m a n a s a t a u rechaud y a n g d i s i m p a n d i a t a s k e r e t a s p e c i a l (queridon) k e m u d i a n d i d o r o n g k e r e s t o r a n d e k a t m e j a t a m u o l e h w a i t e r .
D a r i u r a i a n d i a t a s , m a k a d a p a t d i s i m p u l k a n b a h w a French Service a t a u gueridon service a d a l a h t i p e p e l a y a n a n m a k a n a n y a n g b e r s i f a t r e s m i , m e n g g u n a k a n k e r e t a d o r o n g (gueridon) d e n g a n d u a o r a n g p r a m u s a j i y a n g m e l a y a n i t a m u .
2. Peralatan yang Digunakan Dalam French Service
D a l a m s y s t e m p e l a y a n a n French Service, p e r a l a t a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n s a n g a t t e r g a n t u n g d e n g a n m e n u y a n g d i p e s a n o l e h t a m u . P e r a l a t a n u t a m a y a n g h a r u s a d a a d a l a h Gueridon/trolly/ k e r e t a d o r o n g . P a d a u m u m n y a , s e b u a h r e s t o r a n y a n g m e n g g u n a k a n s y s t e m p e l a y a n a n French Service m e m i l i k i p e r a l a t a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t .
1. Cooking and serving Cutlery, s e p e r t i dinner fork, dinner knife, dessert fork, dessert knife, Carving knife, carving fork, d s b
2. Cooking and serving equipment s e p e r t i Fuel, Lighter, Burner, Trolley, bowls,dinner plate, dessert plate, d l l .
3. Linen s e p e r t i table cloth, molton, napkin, waiter cloth, d s b .
3. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan French Service
S e t i a p s y s t e m p e l a y a n a n s e l a l u m e i l i k i k e l e b i h a n d a n k e k u r a n g a n d a n s i s t e m p e l a y a n a n French Service m e m i l i k i b e b e r a p a k e l e b i h a n , y a i t u :
1. M e m b e r i k e s a n l u x k e p a d a t a m u ,
2. m e m b u a t t a m u m e r a s a s e p e r t i o r a n g p e n t i n g , 3. t i d a k t e r b u r u - b u r u .
(41)
S e d a n g k a n k e k u r a n g a n n y a a d a l a h : 1. m a h a l ,
2. m e m b u t u h k a n b a n y a k t e n a g a a h l i , 3. m e m b u t u h k a n r u a n g a n y a n g s e s u a i ,
4. m e n g u r a n g i j u m l a h m e j a d a n k u r s i y a n g b i s a d i t a t a d i d a l a m r u a n g a n , 5. t e r k a d a n g p e l a y a n a n n y a m e n j a d i s a n g a t l a m b a t .
4. Prosedur Pelayanan French Service
P r o s e d u r p e l a y a n a n French Service t i d a k j a u h b e r b e d a d e n g a n p e l a y a n a n American Service. M a r s u m W A ( 2005: 284) m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a s e m u a m a k a n a n d i h i d a n g k a n d a r i s e b e l a h k a n a n t a m u d e n g a n t a n g a n k a n a n , k e c u a l i r o t i , m e n t e g a , s a l a d , d a n a p a y a n g s e m e s t i n y a d i s e b e l a h k i r i t a m u . French Service d i l a k u k a n o l e h 2 o r a n g t e n a g a a h l i y a n g m a s i n g - m a s i n g m e m i l i k i t u g a s , y a i t u :
3. Captain (chef de rang)
a . M e m b e r i s a l a m k e p a d a t a m u s a a t t a m u m a s u k r e s t o r a n b . M e n g a n t a r t a m u d u d u k
c . M e m b e r d a f t a r m i n u m a n d a n m e n g a m b i l o r d e r m i n u m a n d . M e m b e r d a f t a r m a k a n a n / m e n u m e n g a m b i l o r d e r m a k a n a n
e . M e n g h i d a n g k a n w i n e ( a n g g u r ) , m e m a s a k h i d a n g a n - h i d a n g a n s p e c i a l d i m u k a m e j a t a m u
f . M e n g u c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h d a n s e l a m a t m a l a m w a k t u t a m u m e n i n g g a l k a n r e s t o r a n
4. Commis de rang
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b . M e n g a m b i l m a k a n a n d a r i d a p u r
c . M e n y a j i k a n m a k a n a n y a n g t e l a h d i r a c i k chef de rang k e h a d a p a n t a m u d a n m e m b a n t u chef de rang s e t i a p s a a t .
L a n g k a h - l a n g k a h p e l a y a n a n French Service m e n u r u t S o e k r e s n o d a n P e n d i t ( 1998) d a l a m M u k h t a r ( 2005) y a i t u :
a . M e n u a n g k a n a i r e s (pouring ice water) d a r i s e b e l a h k a n a n t a m u s e a r a h j a r u m j a m
b . M e n y a j i k a n bread and butter d a r i s e b e l a h k i r i t a m u b e r l a w a n a n a r a h j a r u m j a m
c . M e m a s a k h i d a n g a n s e s u a i p e s a n a n d i h a d a p a n t a m u
d . M e n y a j i k a n h i d a n g a n s e s u a i p e s a n a n d a r i s e b e l a h k a n a n t a m u
e . M e m b e r s i h k a n s i s a - s i s a m a k a n a n (crumbing down) d a r i s e b e l a h k i r i t a m u
f . M e n g a n g k a t p i r i n g k o t o r d a r i s e b e l a h k a n a n t a m u s e a r a h j a r u m j a m g . M e n y a j i k a n tea or coffee d a r i s e b e l a h k a n a n t a m u s e a r a h j a r u m j a m h . M e n g a n g k a t tea or coffee cup and saucer d a r i s e b e l a h k a n a n t a m u
s e a r a h j a r u m j a m .
E. Hasil Penelitian yang Relevan
P e n g e m b a n g a n m e d i a k o m i k u n t u k p e m b e l a j a r a n s i s w a s u d a h p e r n a h d i l a k u k a n o l e h b e b e r a p a p e n e l i t i . Heryu Anasti mengambil judul “P e n g e m b a n g a n M e d i a P e m b e l a j a r a n G e o g r a f i B e r b e n t u k K o m i k u n t u k S i s w a S M A d e n g a n M a t e r i L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p d a n P e m b a n g u n a n B erkelanjutan” dalam skripsinya. P e n e l i t i a n i n i b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e n g e m b a n g k a n m e d i a p e m b e l a j a r a n b e r b e n t u k k o m i k d e n g a n m a t e r i l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p d a n p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n y a n g l a y a k d i g u n a k a n d a l a m p e m b e l a j a r a n g e o g r a f i d i S M A . M o d e l p e n g e m b a n g a n y a n g d i t e r a p k a n a d a l a h m o d e l B o r g a n d G a l l . P r o d u k a k h i r m e d i a y a n g d i k e m b a n g k a n d i u j i c o b a k a n p a d a 30 s i s w a S M A k e l a s X I . H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
REKAPITULASI HASIL UJI COBA LAPANGAN AWAL
no
responden
U WX YZX Y[ \]^ \^[ _[ `a bc \d
Media
e Y f b g^ h^ [ eY f ^ [ i^ ^ c^ [1
2
3
4
j k l mrerata
n o p11 rerata
12
13
14
ojrerata
1
q q q r q r r r qst r r r rsu r q r q qs t2
r q q r2
q q q qsv r q q qsq q r q r qs tq r r q q q q r r qst r r r rsu r r r r rsu
4
q q2
r r r2
q qsv r q r qsw r q q r qs tj q q r q
2
r q q qsv q q r qsq r r q q qs tx
2
q q q q r q r qsv r r q qsw r q q q qsql q r
2
r r q q r qsr r r r rsu q r q r qs tm r r q q r q q r qst r q r qsw q r r q qs t
y r q q q q r r q qsr q q q qsu q q
2
q zs{o p q q q q r r r
2
qsq r q r qsw q r q q qsqRerata
qsq qsq zsyqsr qsz qsx qsq qsr qsq qs{ qsr qsw qsx qst qsx qsz qsr qsrREKAPITULASI HASIL UJI COBA LAPANGAN
no
responden
U WX YZX Y[ \]^ \^[ _[ `a bc \d
Media
e Y f b g^ h^ [ eY f ^ [ i^ ^ c^ [1
2
3
4
j k l mrerata
n o p11 rerata
12
13
14
ojrerata
1
q r q r q2
q2
qsu r q q qsq r q r r qs{2
r q q r2
r r r qs t r q q qsq q r q r qs t3
r r q r r q r q qsx r r r rsu r q r r qs{4
q q2
q q2
q q zs{ q r r qsw r q q q qsqj r r q r
2
r q r qs t r r r rsu r q r r qs{k q q q q q q r q qsv q q q qsu r q r r qs{
l r q
2
q2
q r r qsv r r r rsu q q q2
zs{m q q q q q q q q qsu q q q qsu q q q q qsu
n q q q q
1
q q q zs{ q q q qsu r r q q qs to p q
2
2
2
2
q q r zsx r r r rsu q q r q qsq11
q q2
2
1
q q q2.5
q r r qsw r q q q qsq12
q q2
2
2
q r r zs y q q q qsu q q q q qsu13
r r q q q r r r qsx r r r rsu r q r r qs{14
q r r r q q r q qs t r r r rsu q q q r qsqoj r r r r q q r r qs{ r r r rsu q q r r qs t
o k q q r q q r q r qs r r q q qsq r r q r qs{
ol r q q r q q r q qs r q q q qsu q r q r qs t
o m q r q q
2
q q q qsu q q2
zsw q q2
2
2.5
on q q q q q q q
2
zs y q q q qsu q q q q qsu| p r q q q r q q q qsq q r r qsw q q q q qsu
21
q q q q q q q q qsu q q q qsu q q2
q zs{22
q q2
2
2
q q2
2.5
q r q qsq q q q q qsu23
2
2
2
2
2
q q r2.5
q r r qsw r q q2
qsu24
q r q2
q q r r qsq q r r qsw r q q2
qsu|j q q q q
2
q q q zs y q q q qsu q2
q2
2.5
| k q q
2
2
q q q q zs{ q r q qsq r q q q qsq|l q q
2
2
q q q q zs{ q r q qsq r q q q qsq| m r r r q q
2
q r qs r r r r rsu r r r q qs{|n q q q q
2
q q r qsu q q2
zsw r r q q qs t}p q r q r
1
q q r qsv q r r qsw q q r r qs t31
2
q q q2
2
r r zs y r q q qsq r2
q2
zs{32
q q q q2
2
q q zs{ q q q qsu q q q q qsu33
r r r q q2
q r qs r r r r rsu r r r q qs{(5)
DATA UJI COBA INSTRUMENT
no
responden
media
kemudahan
kemanfaatan
skor
total
1
12
2
2
12
50
2
12
52
2
12
50
5
2
2 2
12
15
2
12
2
2 2 2
2
2
10
2
2
2
12
12
52
2 2 2 2
12
10
2 2
2 2 2
25
2
11
11
2
2
2
2 2
2
11
12
2
2
10
12
52
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
11
2
2
2
2
2
25
2
11
15
2
12
50
2 2
11
2 2
10
2
2
2
11
2
2
2 2
12
1
1
12
20
2
2
2 2
12
21
2
1
2 2
11
2
11
22
2
2 2
12
2
2
2 2
12
2 2
2
2 2
10
25
2 2
2
2
11
2
12
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
12
2
10 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
50
2
2 2 2 2 2
2
12
(6)
ANALISIS HASIL UJI COBA LAPANGAN AWAL
¨©¤ª©¥« ª©¬© ® ¯ ¥°
±² ³´µ¶ ·
skor yang
diobservas
i
skor yang
diharapka
n
persentas
e
kelayaka
n
kategori
1
Media
3.3
4
83
sangat layak
2
Kemudahan
¸ ¹º4
91
sangat layak
3
»¼ ½¾ ¿ À¾ ¾ Á¾¿3.4
4
ºsangat layak
rerata
3.5
4.0
ºsangat layak
ANALISIS HASIL UJI COBA LAPANGAN
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