Efek Infusa Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Sebagai Larvisida Nyamuk Culex sp.
ABSTRAK
EFEK INFUSA BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.)
SEBAGAI LARVISIDA NYAMUK Culex sp.
Bernard Santoso Suryajaya, 2012, Pembimbing I : Prof. Dr. Susy Tjahjani, dr.,
M.Kes
Pembimbing II: Sylvia Soeng, dr., M.Kes
Insidensi penyakit kaki gajah (elephantiasis) di Indonesia terus meningkat dan
menyebabkan gangguan pada masyarakat. Salah satu cara dalam menanggulangi
penyakit tersebut adalah dengan cara memutus siklus hidup vektor penyakit, yaitu
dengan cara membunuh larva nyamuk. Larvisida yang beredar di masyarakat
biasanya Temephos yang memiliki efek samping terhadap lingkungan sehingga
perlu dicari larvisida alami yang aman dan efektif, misalnya Infusa Biji Pepaya
(IBP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek IBP terhadap larva Culex sp.
dan membandingkannya dengan bubuk Temephos.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan metode
Rancang Acak Lengkap (RAL). Larva nyamuk Culex sp. sebanyak 750 ekor
dibagi dalam 5 perlakuan dengan pengulangan 5 kali, yaitu diberikan akuades
(kontrol negatif), IBP 0,0625%, 0,125%, 0,25%, dan bubuk Temephos 1%
(kontrol positif). Data yang diamati adalah jumlah larva yang mati dalam waktu
24 jam. Analisis data menggunakan uji ANAVA satu arah dilanjutkan dengan uji
beda rata-rata Tukey HSD dengan α=0,05.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa IBP 0,25%, 0,125%, dengan kontrol
negatif memiliki perbedaan sangat signifikan (p=0.000), serta IBP 0,25%
memiliki perbedaan yang tidak signifikan dengan Temephos 1% (p=0,999).
Simpulan penenlitian adalah infusa biji pepaya memiliki efek sebagai larvisida
nyamuk Culex sp. yang setara dengan bubuk temephos.
Kata kunci :
larva Culex sp., temephos, infusa biji pepaya, larvisida
vii
ABSTRACT
THE EFFECT OF PAPAYA SEEDS (Carica papaya L.)
INFUSION AS LARVICIDE TOWARDS Culex sp.
Bernard Santoso Suryajaya, 2012, 1st Tutor : Prof. Dr. Susy Tjahjani, dr., M.Kes
2nd Tutor : Sylvia Soeng, dr., M.Kes
The incidence of elephantiasis in Indonesia is increasing and causing problems
to the community. One way to overcome elephantiasis is to break the life cycle of
the vectors, which is eliminating the larvae. Larvicide sold in the community is
temephos which has side effects on the environment. It is needed to search for
another larvicide which is safe, natural and more effective than temephos, such as
papaya seeds infusion (IBP). This research aims to determine the effect of IBP
towards Culex sp. larvae and compares it with temephos.
This research is a laboratory experimental using Completely Randomized
Design (CRD) method. 750 Culex sp. larvae divided into 5 treatments with 5 times
repetitions, which is given aquadest (negative control), IBP 0.0625%, 0.125%,
0.25%, and temephos 1% (positive control). Data observed is the number of
larvae that died within 24 hours. The data is analyzed using one-way ANOVA test
followed by a different average test Tukey HSD with α = 0.05.
The results showed that IBP 0.25%, 0.125%, with negative control had a
highly significant difference (p = 0.000), and IBP 0.25% had no significant
difference with Temephos 1% (p = 0.999).
The research conclusions are that papaya seeds infusion has effect as larvicide
towards Culex sp. and equivalent to temephos.
Keywords:
larvicide, temephos, papaya seeds infusion, Culex sp. larvae
viii
DAFTAR ISI
halaman
JUDUL ............................................................................................................
i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ..........................................................................
ii
SURAT PERNYATAAN ...............................................................................
iii
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................
iv
ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................
v
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................
vi
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR TABEL ..........................................................................................
xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................
xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................
xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................
1
1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ....................................................................
2
1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan .....................................................................
2
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................
3
1.4.1 Manfaat Akademis ............................................................
3
1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis .................................................................
3
1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran dan Hipotesis .............................................
3
1.5.1 Kerangka Pemikiran .........................................................
3
1.5.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ..........................................................
3
1.6 Metodologi Penelitian .................................................................
4
1.7 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian.......................................................
4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Nyamuk Secara Umum .........................................................................
5
2.2 Morfologi Nyamuk ...............................................................................
5
2.3 Siklus Hidup Nyamuk...........................................................................
6
ix
2.4 Nyamuk Culex…………………………………………………. .........
9
2.4.1 Taxonomi Nyamuk Culex .................................................
9
2.4.2 Penyakit dengan Vektor Culex sp .....................................
10
2.4.2.1 Japanese Encephalitis .........................................
10
2.4.2.1.1 Gambaran Klinis .................................
10
2.4.2.1.2 Diagnosis .............................................
11
2.4.2.1.3 Penatalaksanaan ..................................
11
2.4.2.2 West Nile Virus ..................................................
11
2.4.2.2.1 Gambaran Klinis .................................
11
2.4.2.2.2 Diagnosis .............................................
12
2.4.2.2.3 Penatalaksanaan ..................................
12
2.4.2.3 Filariasis ..............................................................
12
2.4.2.3.1 Filariasis Bancrofti ..............................
13
2.4.2.3.2 Filariasis Malayi ..................................
16
2.4.2.3.3 Filariasis Timori ..................................
17
2.4.2.3.4 Diagnosis .............................................
18
2.4.2.3.5 Penatalaksanaan ..................................
18
2.5 Temephos ....................................................................................
19
2.6 Pepaya(Carica papaya L.) ....................................................................
20
2.6.1 Taksonomi Carica papaya L. ...........................................
20
2.6.2 Nama Daerah ....................................................................
21
2.6.3 Manfaat Tanaman .............................................................
21
2.6.4 Kandungan Kimia Pepaya ................................................
22
2.7 Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Sebagai Larvisida ..............................
23
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
3.1 Alat dan Bahan ............................................................................
24
3.2 Metodologi Penelitian .................................................................
25
3.2.1 Desain Penelitian .............................................................
25
3.2.2 Variabel Penelitian ...........................................................
25
x
3.2.2.1 Definisi Konsepsional Variabel .........................
25
3.2.2.2 Definisi Operasional Variabel ...........................
25
3.2.3 Metode Penarikan Replikasi Bahan Penelitian ................
25
3.2.4 Prosedur Kerja .................................................................
26
3.2.4.1 Pembuatan Infusa Biji Pepaya ...........................
26
3.2.4.2 Prosedur Kerja Penelitian ..................................
27
3.2.5 Metode Analisis ...............................................................
27
3.2.6 Hipotesis Statistik ............................................................
27
3.2.7 Kriteria Uji .......................................................................
28
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1 Hasil dan Pembahasan ................................................................
29
4.2 Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian ...................................................
33
4.2.1 Hal-hal yang Mendukung .................................................
33
4.2.2 Hal-hal yang Tidak Mendukung .......................................
33
4.2.3 Kesimpulan .......................................................................
33
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1 Simpulan .....................................................................................
34
5.2 Saran ...........................................................................................
34
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .....................................................................................
35
LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................
37
RIWAYAT HIDUP ........................................................................................
46
xi
DAFTAR TABEL
halaman
Tabel 4. 1 Jumlah Larva yang Mati Setelah Diberikan Perlakuan ………….….. 29
Tabel 4. 2 ANAVA Satu Arah Rerata Jumlah Larva Nyamuk yang Mati…..….. 30
Tabel 4. 3 Uji Beda Rerata Tukey HSD Jumlah Larva yang Mati Dalam Persen
Antar Kelompok Perlakuan ……………………………………….... 31
xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
halaman
Gambar 2.1 Telur Culex sp. .............................................................................
7
Gambar 2.2 Larva Culex sp..............................................................................
7
Gambar 2.3 Pupa Culex sp. ..............................................................................
8
Gambar 2.4 Nyamuk Culex sp. ........................................................................
8
Gambar 2.5 Siklus Hidup Nyamuk ..................................................................
8
Gambar 2.6 Siklus hidup Wuchereria bancrofti ..............................................
14
Gambar 2.7 Bubuk temephos. ..........................................................................
19
Gambar 2.8 Ilustrasi pohon, bunga, buah, dan biji pepaya. .............................
21
Grafik 4.1 Rerata persentase jumlah larva yang mati. .....................................
30
xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
halaman
LAMPIRAN 1 Foto-foto Penelitian ................................................................
37
LAMPIRAN 2 Perhitungan Konsentrasi dan Pengenceran ............................
39
LAMPIRAN 3 Transformasi Data ...................................................................
40
LAMPIRAN 4 Uji ANAVA satu arah .............................................................
42
LAMPIRAN 5 Uji Komparasi multiple Tukey HSD.......................................
44
LAMPIRAN 6 Homogenous subset .................................................................
45
xiv
LAMPIRAN 1
FOTO-FOTO PENELITIAN
Larva Culex sp.
Alat dan Bahan
37
38
Serbuk Biji Pepaya
Gelas-gelas percobaan
39
LAMPIRAN 2
PERHITUNGAN KONSENTRASI & PENGENCERAN
Perhitungan Konsentrasi
Konsentrasi IBP 0,25%
= 0,25 gr serbuk biji pepaya dalam 100 ml akuades.
Konsentrasi IBP 0,125% = 0,125 gr serbuk biji pepaya dalam 100 ml akuades.
Konsentrasi IBP 0,0625% = 0,0625 gr serbuk biji pepaya dalam 100 ml akuades.
Konsentrasi Temephos 1% = 1 gr bubuk Temephos dalam 100 ml akuades.
Perhitungan Pengenceran
Untuk 5 kali pengulangan dibutuhkan masing-masing 500 ml larutan IBP.
Akuades
475 ml
487,5 ml
493,75 ml
Total
IBP 5%
25 ml
12,5 ml
6,25 ml
43,75 ml
Hasil
500 ml IBP 0,25%
500 ml IBP 0,125%
500 ml IBP 0,625%
Pembulatan pembuatan IBP 5% adalah 100 ml.
Total serbuk biji pepaya yang digunakan adalah 5 gr.
Total akuades yang dibutuhkan adalah 120 ml untuk antisipasi penguapan.
40
LAMPIRAN 3
TRANSFORMASI DATA
Levene’s test data Jumlah Larva yang Mati Setelah Diberikan Perlakuan
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
hidup
Levene Statistic
df1
6.979
df2
4
Sig.
20
.001
Karena data tidak memenuhi kriteria untuk dilakukan uji tes ANAVA, maka
dilakukan transformasi data
Data Transformasi Logaritma Natural
1
2
3
4
5
Kontrol
Negatif
0
0
0
0
0
IBP 1
IBP 2
IBP 3
1.10
0.69
0.69
1.10
1.79
3.09
2.94
3.26
3.22
3.18
3.40
3.43
3.43
3.43
3.43
Kontrol
Positif
3.43
3.43
3.43
3.43
3.43
Levene’s test data transformasi Ln
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Transformasi_Ln
Levene Statistic
df1
4.827
df2
4
Sig.
20
.007
Data Transformasi Akar Kuadrat
Kontrol
IBP 1
IBP 2
IBP 3
Kontrol
41
1
2
3
4
5
Negatif
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.71
1.58
1.22
1.22
1.58
2.35
4.64
4.30
5.05
4.95
4.85
Positif
5.52
5.52
5.52
5.52
5.52
5.43
5.52
5.52
5.52
5.52
Levene’s test data transformasi akar kuadrat
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Transformasi_Akar
Levene Statistic
4.329
df1
df2
4
Sig.
20
.011
42
LAMPIRAN 4
Uji ANAVA satu arah
Anava
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
df
Mean Square
4338.960
4
1084.740
42.400
20
2.120
4381.360
24
F
511.670
Sig.
.000
Pada uji test ANAVA satu arah, syarat-syaratnya tidak terpenuhi, maka
seharusnya menggunakan uji analisis nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis one way
ANOVA on ranks.
One Way Analysis of Variance
Data source: Data 1 in Notebook
Normality Test: Failed (P =< 0.001)
Test execution ended by user request, ANOVA on Ranks begun
Kruskal-Wallis One Way Analysis of Variance on Ranks
Data source: Data 1 in Notebook
Group
Col 1
Col 2
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
Group
Col 1
Col 2
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
N
5
5
5
5
5
Missing
0
0
0
0
0
Median
0.000
7.000
60.000
100.000
100.000
25%
0.000
2.250
46.250
99.250
100.000
75%
0.000
8.250
73.250
100.000
100.000
43
H = 22.930 with 4 degrees of freedom. (P = < 0.001)
The differences in the median values among the treatment groups are greater than
would be expected by chance, there is a statistically significant difference
(P=
EFEK INFUSA BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.)
SEBAGAI LARVISIDA NYAMUK Culex sp.
Bernard Santoso Suryajaya, 2012, Pembimbing I : Prof. Dr. Susy Tjahjani, dr.,
M.Kes
Pembimbing II: Sylvia Soeng, dr., M.Kes
Insidensi penyakit kaki gajah (elephantiasis) di Indonesia terus meningkat dan
menyebabkan gangguan pada masyarakat. Salah satu cara dalam menanggulangi
penyakit tersebut adalah dengan cara memutus siklus hidup vektor penyakit, yaitu
dengan cara membunuh larva nyamuk. Larvisida yang beredar di masyarakat
biasanya Temephos yang memiliki efek samping terhadap lingkungan sehingga
perlu dicari larvisida alami yang aman dan efektif, misalnya Infusa Biji Pepaya
(IBP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek IBP terhadap larva Culex sp.
dan membandingkannya dengan bubuk Temephos.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan metode
Rancang Acak Lengkap (RAL). Larva nyamuk Culex sp. sebanyak 750 ekor
dibagi dalam 5 perlakuan dengan pengulangan 5 kali, yaitu diberikan akuades
(kontrol negatif), IBP 0,0625%, 0,125%, 0,25%, dan bubuk Temephos 1%
(kontrol positif). Data yang diamati adalah jumlah larva yang mati dalam waktu
24 jam. Analisis data menggunakan uji ANAVA satu arah dilanjutkan dengan uji
beda rata-rata Tukey HSD dengan α=0,05.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa IBP 0,25%, 0,125%, dengan kontrol
negatif memiliki perbedaan sangat signifikan (p=0.000), serta IBP 0,25%
memiliki perbedaan yang tidak signifikan dengan Temephos 1% (p=0,999).
Simpulan penenlitian adalah infusa biji pepaya memiliki efek sebagai larvisida
nyamuk Culex sp. yang setara dengan bubuk temephos.
Kata kunci :
larva Culex sp., temephos, infusa biji pepaya, larvisida
vii
ABSTRACT
THE EFFECT OF PAPAYA SEEDS (Carica papaya L.)
INFUSION AS LARVICIDE TOWARDS Culex sp.
Bernard Santoso Suryajaya, 2012, 1st Tutor : Prof. Dr. Susy Tjahjani, dr., M.Kes
2nd Tutor : Sylvia Soeng, dr., M.Kes
The incidence of elephantiasis in Indonesia is increasing and causing problems
to the community. One way to overcome elephantiasis is to break the life cycle of
the vectors, which is eliminating the larvae. Larvicide sold in the community is
temephos which has side effects on the environment. It is needed to search for
another larvicide which is safe, natural and more effective than temephos, such as
papaya seeds infusion (IBP). This research aims to determine the effect of IBP
towards Culex sp. larvae and compares it with temephos.
This research is a laboratory experimental using Completely Randomized
Design (CRD) method. 750 Culex sp. larvae divided into 5 treatments with 5 times
repetitions, which is given aquadest (negative control), IBP 0.0625%, 0.125%,
0.25%, and temephos 1% (positive control). Data observed is the number of
larvae that died within 24 hours. The data is analyzed using one-way ANOVA test
followed by a different average test Tukey HSD with α = 0.05.
The results showed that IBP 0.25%, 0.125%, with negative control had a
highly significant difference (p = 0.000), and IBP 0.25% had no significant
difference with Temephos 1% (p = 0.999).
The research conclusions are that papaya seeds infusion has effect as larvicide
towards Culex sp. and equivalent to temephos.
Keywords:
larvicide, temephos, papaya seeds infusion, Culex sp. larvae
viii
DAFTAR ISI
halaman
JUDUL ............................................................................................................
i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ..........................................................................
ii
SURAT PERNYATAAN ...............................................................................
iii
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................
iv
ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................
v
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................
vi
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR TABEL ..........................................................................................
xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................
xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................
xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................
1
1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ....................................................................
2
1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan .....................................................................
2
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................
3
1.4.1 Manfaat Akademis ............................................................
3
1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis .................................................................
3
1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran dan Hipotesis .............................................
3
1.5.1 Kerangka Pemikiran .........................................................
3
1.5.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ..........................................................
3
1.6 Metodologi Penelitian .................................................................
4
1.7 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian.......................................................
4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Nyamuk Secara Umum .........................................................................
5
2.2 Morfologi Nyamuk ...............................................................................
5
2.3 Siklus Hidup Nyamuk...........................................................................
6
ix
2.4 Nyamuk Culex…………………………………………………. .........
9
2.4.1 Taxonomi Nyamuk Culex .................................................
9
2.4.2 Penyakit dengan Vektor Culex sp .....................................
10
2.4.2.1 Japanese Encephalitis .........................................
10
2.4.2.1.1 Gambaran Klinis .................................
10
2.4.2.1.2 Diagnosis .............................................
11
2.4.2.1.3 Penatalaksanaan ..................................
11
2.4.2.2 West Nile Virus ..................................................
11
2.4.2.2.1 Gambaran Klinis .................................
11
2.4.2.2.2 Diagnosis .............................................
12
2.4.2.2.3 Penatalaksanaan ..................................
12
2.4.2.3 Filariasis ..............................................................
12
2.4.2.3.1 Filariasis Bancrofti ..............................
13
2.4.2.3.2 Filariasis Malayi ..................................
16
2.4.2.3.3 Filariasis Timori ..................................
17
2.4.2.3.4 Diagnosis .............................................
18
2.4.2.3.5 Penatalaksanaan ..................................
18
2.5 Temephos ....................................................................................
19
2.6 Pepaya(Carica papaya L.) ....................................................................
20
2.6.1 Taksonomi Carica papaya L. ...........................................
20
2.6.2 Nama Daerah ....................................................................
21
2.6.3 Manfaat Tanaman .............................................................
21
2.6.4 Kandungan Kimia Pepaya ................................................
22
2.7 Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Sebagai Larvisida ..............................
23
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
3.1 Alat dan Bahan ............................................................................
24
3.2 Metodologi Penelitian .................................................................
25
3.2.1 Desain Penelitian .............................................................
25
3.2.2 Variabel Penelitian ...........................................................
25
x
3.2.2.1 Definisi Konsepsional Variabel .........................
25
3.2.2.2 Definisi Operasional Variabel ...........................
25
3.2.3 Metode Penarikan Replikasi Bahan Penelitian ................
25
3.2.4 Prosedur Kerja .................................................................
26
3.2.4.1 Pembuatan Infusa Biji Pepaya ...........................
26
3.2.4.2 Prosedur Kerja Penelitian ..................................
27
3.2.5 Metode Analisis ...............................................................
27
3.2.6 Hipotesis Statistik ............................................................
27
3.2.7 Kriteria Uji .......................................................................
28
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1 Hasil dan Pembahasan ................................................................
29
4.2 Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian ...................................................
33
4.2.1 Hal-hal yang Mendukung .................................................
33
4.2.2 Hal-hal yang Tidak Mendukung .......................................
33
4.2.3 Kesimpulan .......................................................................
33
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1 Simpulan .....................................................................................
34
5.2 Saran ...........................................................................................
34
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .....................................................................................
35
LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................
37
RIWAYAT HIDUP ........................................................................................
46
xi
DAFTAR TABEL
halaman
Tabel 4. 1 Jumlah Larva yang Mati Setelah Diberikan Perlakuan ………….….. 29
Tabel 4. 2 ANAVA Satu Arah Rerata Jumlah Larva Nyamuk yang Mati…..….. 30
Tabel 4. 3 Uji Beda Rerata Tukey HSD Jumlah Larva yang Mati Dalam Persen
Antar Kelompok Perlakuan ……………………………………….... 31
xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
halaman
Gambar 2.1 Telur Culex sp. .............................................................................
7
Gambar 2.2 Larva Culex sp..............................................................................
7
Gambar 2.3 Pupa Culex sp. ..............................................................................
8
Gambar 2.4 Nyamuk Culex sp. ........................................................................
8
Gambar 2.5 Siklus Hidup Nyamuk ..................................................................
8
Gambar 2.6 Siklus hidup Wuchereria bancrofti ..............................................
14
Gambar 2.7 Bubuk temephos. ..........................................................................
19
Gambar 2.8 Ilustrasi pohon, bunga, buah, dan biji pepaya. .............................
21
Grafik 4.1 Rerata persentase jumlah larva yang mati. .....................................
30
xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
halaman
LAMPIRAN 1 Foto-foto Penelitian ................................................................
37
LAMPIRAN 2 Perhitungan Konsentrasi dan Pengenceran ............................
39
LAMPIRAN 3 Transformasi Data ...................................................................
40
LAMPIRAN 4 Uji ANAVA satu arah .............................................................
42
LAMPIRAN 5 Uji Komparasi multiple Tukey HSD.......................................
44
LAMPIRAN 6 Homogenous subset .................................................................
45
xiv
LAMPIRAN 1
FOTO-FOTO PENELITIAN
Larva Culex sp.
Alat dan Bahan
37
38
Serbuk Biji Pepaya
Gelas-gelas percobaan
39
LAMPIRAN 2
PERHITUNGAN KONSENTRASI & PENGENCERAN
Perhitungan Konsentrasi
Konsentrasi IBP 0,25%
= 0,25 gr serbuk biji pepaya dalam 100 ml akuades.
Konsentrasi IBP 0,125% = 0,125 gr serbuk biji pepaya dalam 100 ml akuades.
Konsentrasi IBP 0,0625% = 0,0625 gr serbuk biji pepaya dalam 100 ml akuades.
Konsentrasi Temephos 1% = 1 gr bubuk Temephos dalam 100 ml akuades.
Perhitungan Pengenceran
Untuk 5 kali pengulangan dibutuhkan masing-masing 500 ml larutan IBP.
Akuades
475 ml
487,5 ml
493,75 ml
Total
IBP 5%
25 ml
12,5 ml
6,25 ml
43,75 ml
Hasil
500 ml IBP 0,25%
500 ml IBP 0,125%
500 ml IBP 0,625%
Pembulatan pembuatan IBP 5% adalah 100 ml.
Total serbuk biji pepaya yang digunakan adalah 5 gr.
Total akuades yang dibutuhkan adalah 120 ml untuk antisipasi penguapan.
40
LAMPIRAN 3
TRANSFORMASI DATA
Levene’s test data Jumlah Larva yang Mati Setelah Diberikan Perlakuan
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
hidup
Levene Statistic
df1
6.979
df2
4
Sig.
20
.001
Karena data tidak memenuhi kriteria untuk dilakukan uji tes ANAVA, maka
dilakukan transformasi data
Data Transformasi Logaritma Natural
1
2
3
4
5
Kontrol
Negatif
0
0
0
0
0
IBP 1
IBP 2
IBP 3
1.10
0.69
0.69
1.10
1.79
3.09
2.94
3.26
3.22
3.18
3.40
3.43
3.43
3.43
3.43
Kontrol
Positif
3.43
3.43
3.43
3.43
3.43
Levene’s test data transformasi Ln
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Transformasi_Ln
Levene Statistic
df1
4.827
df2
4
Sig.
20
.007
Data Transformasi Akar Kuadrat
Kontrol
IBP 1
IBP 2
IBP 3
Kontrol
41
1
2
3
4
5
Negatif
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.71
1.58
1.22
1.22
1.58
2.35
4.64
4.30
5.05
4.95
4.85
Positif
5.52
5.52
5.52
5.52
5.52
5.43
5.52
5.52
5.52
5.52
Levene’s test data transformasi akar kuadrat
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Transformasi_Akar
Levene Statistic
4.329
df1
df2
4
Sig.
20
.011
42
LAMPIRAN 4
Uji ANAVA satu arah
Anava
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
df
Mean Square
4338.960
4
1084.740
42.400
20
2.120
4381.360
24
F
511.670
Sig.
.000
Pada uji test ANAVA satu arah, syarat-syaratnya tidak terpenuhi, maka
seharusnya menggunakan uji analisis nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis one way
ANOVA on ranks.
One Way Analysis of Variance
Data source: Data 1 in Notebook
Normality Test: Failed (P =< 0.001)
Test execution ended by user request, ANOVA on Ranks begun
Kruskal-Wallis One Way Analysis of Variance on Ranks
Data source: Data 1 in Notebook
Group
Col 1
Col 2
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
Group
Col 1
Col 2
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
N
5
5
5
5
5
Missing
0
0
0
0
0
Median
0.000
7.000
60.000
100.000
100.000
25%
0.000
2.250
46.250
99.250
100.000
75%
0.000
8.250
73.250
100.000
100.000
43
H = 22.930 with 4 degrees of freedom. (P = < 0.001)
The differences in the median values among the treatment groups are greater than
would be expected by chance, there is a statistically significant difference
(P=