Analysis of the Elements of Plot of Jeffery Deaver's The Bone Collector.
ABSTRAK
Dalam tugas akhir ini, akan dibahas sebuah novel karya Jeffery Deaver,
yang berjudul The Bone Collector, yang bercerita tentang seorang penjahat yang
gemar mengoleksi tulang-tulang dari para korban yang ia tangkap. Penyelidikan
dilakukan oleh Lincoln Rhyme dan Amelia Sachs, yang bekerjasama untuk
menangkap penjahatnya. Novel ini penuh dengan ketegangan yang diikuti
dengan kejadian-kejadian yang tidak terduga.
Alur cerita adalah komponen yang paling menonjol dalam novel ini. Oleh
karena itu, dalam tugas akhir ini, akan dibahas tiga elemen dalam alur cerita
yaitu suspense, surprise, dan artistic unity. Dalam novel ini, saya temukan
sepuluh suspenses dan sembilan surprises yang saling berkaitan membentuk
sebuah kesatuan artistik yang memukau. Ketegangan demi ketegangan dikemas
dengan rapi dan mendorong pembaca untuk menghabiskan novel ini dalam
sekali baca.
Jeffery Deaver berhasil membuat jalan cerita novel ini rumit dan penuh
ketegangan. Walaupun Deaver menggunakan banyak istilah forensik yang
mungkin asing bagi pembaca, buku ini tetap menarik dan menegangkan.
Ketegangan ditumpuk di awal dan tengah cerita dan baru diungkapkan di akhir
cerita. Kombinasi antara jalan cerita yang kompleks dan penulis yang cemerlang
membuat karya sastra ini layak untuk dinikmati.
ii
Maranatha Christian University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………
i
ABSTRACT....……………………………………………………………....
ii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study…………………………………………...
Statement of the Problem……………………………………….....
Purpose of the Study…………………………………………….....
Method of Research………………………………………………...
Organization of the Thesis………………………………………....
1
3
3
4
4
CHAPTER TWO: ANALYSIS OF THE ELEMENTS OF PLOT OF
JEFFERY DEAVER’S THE BONE COLLECTOR………………
5
CHAPTER THREE: CONCLUSION………………………………………
22
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………
25
APPENDICES
Synopsis of The Bone Collector…………………………………...
Biography of Jeffery Deaver…………………………………….....
26
27
i
Maranatha Christian University
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Thriller is “a work of fiction or drama designed to hold the interest by the
use of a high degree of intrigue, adventure, or suspense” (Johnson). One of
contemporary American authors who specialize in writing thriller novels is Jeffery
Deaver. He is a “master of trick endings” (Ellison) and his books are “filled with
surprises, . . . and set in a short time frame” (Ellison). His goal in writing his
novels is “to give his readers the most exciting roller coaster ride of a suspense
story he can possibly think of” (“About the Author”). He has received a lot of
awards for his two collections of short-stories and 31 bestseller books. He has
received the Ellery Queen Reader’s Award three times for Best Short Story of
1995. He has also been “nominated for an Anthony Award and six Edgar Awards
from the Mystery Writers of America” (“About the Author”).
Deaver has written a great number of thriller novels but I choose The
Bone Collector (1997) because this book is very captivating and intriguing. The
Bone Collector is the first book in the Lincoln Rhyme series. There is no relation
among the stories in the series and the cases are not related but they are all
1
Maranatha Christian University
investigated by Lincoln Rhyme and Amelia Sachs. Lincoln Rhyme is a
quadriplegic who investigates different cases with Amelia Sachs. A quadriplegic
is “a person who is permanently unable to move any of their arms or legs, often
because their spine has been injured” (“Quadriplegic”, def. 1).
The Bone Collector tells the story about a murderer who is called ‘The
Bone Collector’ because he collects various bones from his victims as souvenirs
after he captures them. The person who is responsible for the investigation is
Lincoln Rhyme, a quadriplegic who was once New York Police Department's
head of forensics. An accident happens when he is collecting evidence in his last
case. A beam falls and crushes his spine and makes him stay in bed forever,
which only enables him to move his head and his forefinger. That is why he is
helped by a patrol officer, Amelia Sachs, in doing the investigation and trying to
catch the bone collector. This novel has been adapted into a movie with the same
title, “starring Denzel Washington and Angelina Jolie. (It) was made by Universal
Pictures in 1999” (“The Bone Collector (1997)”).
The readers are made curious by the development of the case in this
novel. The murderer in this novel is so intelligent and meticulous that there is time
when the readers ask themselves whether the detective is capable of capturing
him. But in the end, the readers will be appalled by the detective’s ability in
searching for the murderer and the revelation of who the murderer really is, along
with his motive in doing so. The readers can feel the intense suspenses and the
urge to flip to the next page and finish the novel in one sitting.
As plot is the strongest component of this book, I have chosen elements
of plot as the subject to analyze because of their twists in the end and the
cliffhangers that the readers will experience while reading this book. This book is
full of suspenses and surprises that the readers will not expect.
2
Maranatha Christian University
Elements of plot consist of suspense, surprise, and artistic unity.
Suspense is “the quality in a story that makes the readers ask ‘what’s going to
happen next?’ or ‘how will this turn out?’ and impels him to read on to find the
answers to these questions” (Perrine 45). While surprise is “a sudden and
unexpected turn in the action occurring at the end of a work. Such a conclusion is
a trick ending if it has not been previously hinted at or prepared for” (Shaw 365).
Last but not least, artistic unity is:
. . . the condition of a successful literary work whereby all its elements
work together for the achievement of its central purpose. In an artistically
unified work nothing is included that is irrelevant to the central, nothing is
omitted that is essential to it, and the parts are arranged in the most
effective order for the achievement of that purpose. (“Artistic Unity”)
Statement of the Problem
The problems that are going to be analyzed in this thesis are:
1. What are the suspenses in the novel?
2. What are the surprises in the novel?
3. How is the artistic unity presented in the novel?
Purpose of the Study
Based on the above statements of the problem, this study is conducted
with the following purposes:
1.
To reveal the suspenses in the novel.
2.
To reveal the surprises in the novel.
3.
To show how the artistic unity is presented in the novel.
3
Maranatha Christian University
Method of Research
I use library research in writing my thesis. First, I read Jeffery Deaver’s
The Bone Collector as the primary text. In order to support my analysis of
suspense, surprise and artistic unity of the novel, I also read and elaborate some
data from the Internet. Then, I draw the conclusion of my analysis.
Organization of the Thesis
This
thesis
consists
of
three
chapters,
preceded
by
the
Acknowledgements, the Table of Contents and the Abstract. Chapter One is the
Introduction, which consists of the Background of the Study, the Statement of the
Problem, the Purpose of the Study, the Method of Research, and the
Organization of the Thesis. Chapter Two is the Analysis of the Elements of Plot of
Jeffery Deaver’s The Bone Collector. Chapter Three is the Conclusion. Finally,
the thesis ends with the Bibliography and the Appendices, which contain the
synopsis of the novel and the biography of the author.
4
Maranatha Christian University
CHAPTER THREE
CONCLUSION
Having finished reading and analyzing the novel, I conclude that Jeffery
Deaver’s The Bone Collector is very captivating and thrilling. This book is so filled
with tension that the reader will be curious with the outcome of the investigation
and cannot wait to know who the killer is. The continuous tension makes this
book have good elements of plot.
After analyzing the elements of plot of this novel, I conclude that this book
has ten suspenses and nine surprises. One of the most important elements of
plot is suspense. The suspense has started even from the very first page as the
kidnapping begins. The readers constantly wonder about the fate of each victim
who has been kidnapped. The first and second victims’ deaths are described in
gory and vivid language which makes the readers able to feel the victims’ fear
and the insanity of the perpetrator.
Deaver maintains the thrill throughout the story really well because after
one suspense is revealed, the story continues with yet another suspense. The
suspenses are piled up until they end with a shocking revelation. Even when the
readers think that there will be no more surprises, yet another questionable
suspense turns up. For example in the third suspense, the third victim is left
22
Maranatha Christian University
alone in a basement with one leg and forearm cut down to the bone. Suddenly
the basement is filled with rats which are attracted with the smell of blood and
bite her wounds. The readers do not instantly know what happens to the victim.
The point of view is changed to the investigation on evidences and how the
detective races against time to save the victim. The readers are not given time to
take a break from the trepidation.
There are some suspenses that are directly answered by the surprises,
but there are also some suspenses that are left with loose ends. The first, third,
sixth, and seventh suspenses are left hanging without answers while in the
second, fifth, and ninth suspenses, the surprises immediately reveal the truth.
All loose ends lead to the climax which is the revelation of the bone
collector’s identity and his motive in doing the crime. They are tied together in
one surprise at the end of the novel. The readers are misled many times
concerning the identity of bone collector; for example when a fingerprint is found
in the crime scene in the fifth suspense. The readers will think that that is the end
of the story, the perpetrator is finally got caught. Deaver, however, does not want
the thrill to end just yet. Deaver always makes unexpected and unthinkable
revelation of the final truth.
The most appalling surprise is the identity of the bone collector. Dr. Peter
Taylor is a character that is mentioned only briefly throughout the book and he
helps Rhyme to heal completely. The readers will never suspect him as a
murderer. But everything is never as it seems because inside his mask as a
doctor, Dr. Taylor keeps hidden vendetta against Rhyme.
As for the artistic unity, I find that the suspenses can be all answered by
the surprises. Each of them has plausibility that can be accepted by the readers.
One example of artistic unity which has good plausibility is the tenth suspense
and the ninth surprise. Rhyme pretends to die in order to save himself from
23
Maranatha Christian University
Stanton. It is plausible because Rhyme is a very intelligent man with a good
understanding of Stanton’s condition. Rhyme uses Stanton’s ambition of torturing
Rhyme to eliminate him. He knows that he has a lot of disadvantages so he uses
the blessing of his brain.
In conclusion, I can say that The Bone Collector is a good thriller novel.
The tension is developed surely from the beginning and there are no
unnecessary events happen. All events are collaborated well towards one climax
in the end. All loose ends are eventually answered and tied together. As the
result, the connection between the suspenses and surprises are acceptable and
believable in building the artistic unity of the novel.
As one of the readers, I am of the opinion that in reading the novel, all the
speculations and assumptions that the readers make to predict the truth are often
far from right. There are a lot of events that the readers will never expect. Deaver
manages to make the story progress like a roller coaster that never ends. Even
when the readers think that the story is over, it turns out that another problem
arises. The story is complex and unusual.
Deaver manages to make the readers feel the need to read it in one sit
and finish the book immediately. He uses a lot of forensic terms to describe the
evidence and although it may be confusing at first, it makes the readers
understand how Rhyme is able to figure out the killer in the end. The story is told
from different angles so the readers can understand what is going on in the
killer’s mind, the confusion of the detective, as well as the victims’ fear the
second they face their brutal deaths. The combination between twisted storyline
and the writer’s brilliance makes this novel worth reading.
24
Maranatha Christian University
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Text
Deaver, Jeffery. The Bone Collector. London: Hodder & Stoughton Ltd, 2009. Print.
References
“About the Author”. hachette.com. n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2014.
Appelo, Tim. “’Kill Room’ Author Jeffery Deaver: ‘The Goal is Suspense, not Gore’”.
hollywoodreporter.com. 7 Apr 2014. Web. 1 May 2014.
“Artistic Unity”. humanitiesweb.org. 2012. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
Ellison, Soyia. “Thrills are Just Part of the Fun for Author Jeffery Deaver”.
ProQuest.com. 21 Jan 2001. Web. 18 Apr. 2014.
Johnson, Barbara. “Genre Corner – Writing Thrillers”. fictionwriters.com. n.d. Web.
3 Mar. 2014.
“Meet the Writers: Jeffery Deaver”. barnesandnoble.com. n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2014.
Orr, John. “The Thriller Man”. Triviana.com. Oct 1999. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.
Perrine, Laurence. Story and Structure. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc,
1974. Print.
“Quadriplegic.” def. 1. Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 7th ed. London:
Cambridge University Press, 2003. Print.
Shaw, Harry. Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976.
Print.
“The Bone Collector”. hodder.co.uk. n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.
“The Bone Collector (1997)”. jefferydeaver.com. n.d. Web. 23 July. 2015.
25
Maranatha Christian University
“UKA Interview: Biography”. ukauthors.com. 2004. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.
26
Maranatha Christian University
Dalam tugas akhir ini, akan dibahas sebuah novel karya Jeffery Deaver,
yang berjudul The Bone Collector, yang bercerita tentang seorang penjahat yang
gemar mengoleksi tulang-tulang dari para korban yang ia tangkap. Penyelidikan
dilakukan oleh Lincoln Rhyme dan Amelia Sachs, yang bekerjasama untuk
menangkap penjahatnya. Novel ini penuh dengan ketegangan yang diikuti
dengan kejadian-kejadian yang tidak terduga.
Alur cerita adalah komponen yang paling menonjol dalam novel ini. Oleh
karena itu, dalam tugas akhir ini, akan dibahas tiga elemen dalam alur cerita
yaitu suspense, surprise, dan artistic unity. Dalam novel ini, saya temukan
sepuluh suspenses dan sembilan surprises yang saling berkaitan membentuk
sebuah kesatuan artistik yang memukau. Ketegangan demi ketegangan dikemas
dengan rapi dan mendorong pembaca untuk menghabiskan novel ini dalam
sekali baca.
Jeffery Deaver berhasil membuat jalan cerita novel ini rumit dan penuh
ketegangan. Walaupun Deaver menggunakan banyak istilah forensik yang
mungkin asing bagi pembaca, buku ini tetap menarik dan menegangkan.
Ketegangan ditumpuk di awal dan tengah cerita dan baru diungkapkan di akhir
cerita. Kombinasi antara jalan cerita yang kompleks dan penulis yang cemerlang
membuat karya sastra ini layak untuk dinikmati.
ii
Maranatha Christian University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………
i
ABSTRACT....……………………………………………………………....
ii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study…………………………………………...
Statement of the Problem……………………………………….....
Purpose of the Study…………………………………………….....
Method of Research………………………………………………...
Organization of the Thesis………………………………………....
1
3
3
4
4
CHAPTER TWO: ANALYSIS OF THE ELEMENTS OF PLOT OF
JEFFERY DEAVER’S THE BONE COLLECTOR………………
5
CHAPTER THREE: CONCLUSION………………………………………
22
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………
25
APPENDICES
Synopsis of The Bone Collector…………………………………...
Biography of Jeffery Deaver…………………………………….....
26
27
i
Maranatha Christian University
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Thriller is “a work of fiction or drama designed to hold the interest by the
use of a high degree of intrigue, adventure, or suspense” (Johnson). One of
contemporary American authors who specialize in writing thriller novels is Jeffery
Deaver. He is a “master of trick endings” (Ellison) and his books are “filled with
surprises, . . . and set in a short time frame” (Ellison). His goal in writing his
novels is “to give his readers the most exciting roller coaster ride of a suspense
story he can possibly think of” (“About the Author”). He has received a lot of
awards for his two collections of short-stories and 31 bestseller books. He has
received the Ellery Queen Reader’s Award three times for Best Short Story of
1995. He has also been “nominated for an Anthony Award and six Edgar Awards
from the Mystery Writers of America” (“About the Author”).
Deaver has written a great number of thriller novels but I choose The
Bone Collector (1997) because this book is very captivating and intriguing. The
Bone Collector is the first book in the Lincoln Rhyme series. There is no relation
among the stories in the series and the cases are not related but they are all
1
Maranatha Christian University
investigated by Lincoln Rhyme and Amelia Sachs. Lincoln Rhyme is a
quadriplegic who investigates different cases with Amelia Sachs. A quadriplegic
is “a person who is permanently unable to move any of their arms or legs, often
because their spine has been injured” (“Quadriplegic”, def. 1).
The Bone Collector tells the story about a murderer who is called ‘The
Bone Collector’ because he collects various bones from his victims as souvenirs
after he captures them. The person who is responsible for the investigation is
Lincoln Rhyme, a quadriplegic who was once New York Police Department's
head of forensics. An accident happens when he is collecting evidence in his last
case. A beam falls and crushes his spine and makes him stay in bed forever,
which only enables him to move his head and his forefinger. That is why he is
helped by a patrol officer, Amelia Sachs, in doing the investigation and trying to
catch the bone collector. This novel has been adapted into a movie with the same
title, “starring Denzel Washington and Angelina Jolie. (It) was made by Universal
Pictures in 1999” (“The Bone Collector (1997)”).
The readers are made curious by the development of the case in this
novel. The murderer in this novel is so intelligent and meticulous that there is time
when the readers ask themselves whether the detective is capable of capturing
him. But in the end, the readers will be appalled by the detective’s ability in
searching for the murderer and the revelation of who the murderer really is, along
with his motive in doing so. The readers can feel the intense suspenses and the
urge to flip to the next page and finish the novel in one sitting.
As plot is the strongest component of this book, I have chosen elements
of plot as the subject to analyze because of their twists in the end and the
cliffhangers that the readers will experience while reading this book. This book is
full of suspenses and surprises that the readers will not expect.
2
Maranatha Christian University
Elements of plot consist of suspense, surprise, and artistic unity.
Suspense is “the quality in a story that makes the readers ask ‘what’s going to
happen next?’ or ‘how will this turn out?’ and impels him to read on to find the
answers to these questions” (Perrine 45). While surprise is “a sudden and
unexpected turn in the action occurring at the end of a work. Such a conclusion is
a trick ending if it has not been previously hinted at or prepared for” (Shaw 365).
Last but not least, artistic unity is:
. . . the condition of a successful literary work whereby all its elements
work together for the achievement of its central purpose. In an artistically
unified work nothing is included that is irrelevant to the central, nothing is
omitted that is essential to it, and the parts are arranged in the most
effective order for the achievement of that purpose. (“Artistic Unity”)
Statement of the Problem
The problems that are going to be analyzed in this thesis are:
1. What are the suspenses in the novel?
2. What are the surprises in the novel?
3. How is the artistic unity presented in the novel?
Purpose of the Study
Based on the above statements of the problem, this study is conducted
with the following purposes:
1.
To reveal the suspenses in the novel.
2.
To reveal the surprises in the novel.
3.
To show how the artistic unity is presented in the novel.
3
Maranatha Christian University
Method of Research
I use library research in writing my thesis. First, I read Jeffery Deaver’s
The Bone Collector as the primary text. In order to support my analysis of
suspense, surprise and artistic unity of the novel, I also read and elaborate some
data from the Internet. Then, I draw the conclusion of my analysis.
Organization of the Thesis
This
thesis
consists
of
three
chapters,
preceded
by
the
Acknowledgements, the Table of Contents and the Abstract. Chapter One is the
Introduction, which consists of the Background of the Study, the Statement of the
Problem, the Purpose of the Study, the Method of Research, and the
Organization of the Thesis. Chapter Two is the Analysis of the Elements of Plot of
Jeffery Deaver’s The Bone Collector. Chapter Three is the Conclusion. Finally,
the thesis ends with the Bibliography and the Appendices, which contain the
synopsis of the novel and the biography of the author.
4
Maranatha Christian University
CHAPTER THREE
CONCLUSION
Having finished reading and analyzing the novel, I conclude that Jeffery
Deaver’s The Bone Collector is very captivating and thrilling. This book is so filled
with tension that the reader will be curious with the outcome of the investigation
and cannot wait to know who the killer is. The continuous tension makes this
book have good elements of plot.
After analyzing the elements of plot of this novel, I conclude that this book
has ten suspenses and nine surprises. One of the most important elements of
plot is suspense. The suspense has started even from the very first page as the
kidnapping begins. The readers constantly wonder about the fate of each victim
who has been kidnapped. The first and second victims’ deaths are described in
gory and vivid language which makes the readers able to feel the victims’ fear
and the insanity of the perpetrator.
Deaver maintains the thrill throughout the story really well because after
one suspense is revealed, the story continues with yet another suspense. The
suspenses are piled up until they end with a shocking revelation. Even when the
readers think that there will be no more surprises, yet another questionable
suspense turns up. For example in the third suspense, the third victim is left
22
Maranatha Christian University
alone in a basement with one leg and forearm cut down to the bone. Suddenly
the basement is filled with rats which are attracted with the smell of blood and
bite her wounds. The readers do not instantly know what happens to the victim.
The point of view is changed to the investigation on evidences and how the
detective races against time to save the victim. The readers are not given time to
take a break from the trepidation.
There are some suspenses that are directly answered by the surprises,
but there are also some suspenses that are left with loose ends. The first, third,
sixth, and seventh suspenses are left hanging without answers while in the
second, fifth, and ninth suspenses, the surprises immediately reveal the truth.
All loose ends lead to the climax which is the revelation of the bone
collector’s identity and his motive in doing the crime. They are tied together in
one surprise at the end of the novel. The readers are misled many times
concerning the identity of bone collector; for example when a fingerprint is found
in the crime scene in the fifth suspense. The readers will think that that is the end
of the story, the perpetrator is finally got caught. Deaver, however, does not want
the thrill to end just yet. Deaver always makes unexpected and unthinkable
revelation of the final truth.
The most appalling surprise is the identity of the bone collector. Dr. Peter
Taylor is a character that is mentioned only briefly throughout the book and he
helps Rhyme to heal completely. The readers will never suspect him as a
murderer. But everything is never as it seems because inside his mask as a
doctor, Dr. Taylor keeps hidden vendetta against Rhyme.
As for the artistic unity, I find that the suspenses can be all answered by
the surprises. Each of them has plausibility that can be accepted by the readers.
One example of artistic unity which has good plausibility is the tenth suspense
and the ninth surprise. Rhyme pretends to die in order to save himself from
23
Maranatha Christian University
Stanton. It is plausible because Rhyme is a very intelligent man with a good
understanding of Stanton’s condition. Rhyme uses Stanton’s ambition of torturing
Rhyme to eliminate him. He knows that he has a lot of disadvantages so he uses
the blessing of his brain.
In conclusion, I can say that The Bone Collector is a good thriller novel.
The tension is developed surely from the beginning and there are no
unnecessary events happen. All events are collaborated well towards one climax
in the end. All loose ends are eventually answered and tied together. As the
result, the connection between the suspenses and surprises are acceptable and
believable in building the artistic unity of the novel.
As one of the readers, I am of the opinion that in reading the novel, all the
speculations and assumptions that the readers make to predict the truth are often
far from right. There are a lot of events that the readers will never expect. Deaver
manages to make the story progress like a roller coaster that never ends. Even
when the readers think that the story is over, it turns out that another problem
arises. The story is complex and unusual.
Deaver manages to make the readers feel the need to read it in one sit
and finish the book immediately. He uses a lot of forensic terms to describe the
evidence and although it may be confusing at first, it makes the readers
understand how Rhyme is able to figure out the killer in the end. The story is told
from different angles so the readers can understand what is going on in the
killer’s mind, the confusion of the detective, as well as the victims’ fear the
second they face their brutal deaths. The combination between twisted storyline
and the writer’s brilliance makes this novel worth reading.
24
Maranatha Christian University
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Text
Deaver, Jeffery. The Bone Collector. London: Hodder & Stoughton Ltd, 2009. Print.
References
“About the Author”. hachette.com. n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2014.
Appelo, Tim. “’Kill Room’ Author Jeffery Deaver: ‘The Goal is Suspense, not Gore’”.
hollywoodreporter.com. 7 Apr 2014. Web. 1 May 2014.
“Artistic Unity”. humanitiesweb.org. 2012. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
Ellison, Soyia. “Thrills are Just Part of the Fun for Author Jeffery Deaver”.
ProQuest.com. 21 Jan 2001. Web. 18 Apr. 2014.
Johnson, Barbara. “Genre Corner – Writing Thrillers”. fictionwriters.com. n.d. Web.
3 Mar. 2014.
“Meet the Writers: Jeffery Deaver”. barnesandnoble.com. n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2014.
Orr, John. “The Thriller Man”. Triviana.com. Oct 1999. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.
Perrine, Laurence. Story and Structure. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc,
1974. Print.
“Quadriplegic.” def. 1. Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 7th ed. London:
Cambridge University Press, 2003. Print.
Shaw, Harry. Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976.
Print.
“The Bone Collector”. hodder.co.uk. n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.
“The Bone Collector (1997)”. jefferydeaver.com. n.d. Web. 23 July. 2015.
25
Maranatha Christian University
“UKA Interview: Biography”. ukauthors.com. 2004. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.
26
Maranatha Christian University