Pengaruh tingkat keparahan sepsis bakterialis terhadap nilai low density lipoprotein (LDL)
45
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abera Kumalo, Tesfaye Kassa, Zewudneh S/Mariam, Deresse Daka, and Andualem Henok
Tadesse,
Bacterial Profile of Adult Sepsis and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility
Pattern at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, South West Ethiopia, Health Science
Journal Vol. 10 No. 2: 3, 2016
Amir Abbas Momtazi, PCSK9 inhibitors in sepsis: a new potential indication? Expert
Opinion
on
Investigational
Drugs,
2017
VOL.
26,
NO.
2,
137–139
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13543784.2017.1272570
Artero A, Zaragoza R and Nogueira JM.Epidemiology of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock.
Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock - Understanding a Serious Killer, Dr. Ricardo
Fernandez,
penyunting.
ISBN:978-953-307-950-9,
In-Tech.
Tersedia
dari:
http://www.intechopen.com/books/severe-sepsis-and-septic-shock-understanding-aserious-killer/epidemiology-of-severe-sepsis-and-septic-shock
Badellino KO, Wolfe ML, Reilly MP, Rader DJ. Endothelial lipase is increased in vivo by
inflammation
in
humans.
Circulation.2008;117:678685.doi:10.1161/
CIRCULATIONAHA.107.707349
Balk RA.2002 Pathogenesis and management of multiple organ dysfunction or failure in
severe sepsis and septic shock. Critical Care Clinics. 2000;16(2):1-10.
Catherine Mclaughlin, Development of novel therapeutic approaches for the reduction of
apolipoprotein B expression, Research Gate.2014,
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/278524013_fig2_Figure-13-Schematic-of-theexogenous-and-endogenous-lipid-metabolism-pathways
Cohen J. 2002,The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature. 2002;420:19-26.
Christ-Crain M and Muller B.2005,Procalcitonin in bacterial infections hype, hope, more or
less? Swiss Med. 2005;135:451-460.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. 2006,Pedoman pengendalian infeksi nosokomial di rumah sakit.
Jakarta : Dir. Jen. Pelayanan Medik Spesialistik.
Dellinger PR, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM, et al.2012
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: InternationalGuidelines for Management of Severe Sepsisand
Septic Shock: 2012. Crit Care Med. 2013; 41:580–637.
Emancipator K, Csako G, Elin RJ.1992,In vitro inactivation of bacterial endotoxin by human
lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Infect Immun.1992; 60:596–601
Universitas Sumatera Utara
46
Ertel W, Kremer PJ, Kenney J, Steckholzer U, Jarrar D, Trentz O, et al.1995,Downregulation
of proinflammatory cytokine release in whole blood from septic patients. Blood.
1995;85(5):1341–1347.
Guntur A.H
: Setiadi S, Alwi I, Sudoyo AW, Simadibrata MK, Setiyohadi B, Syam
AF,.2014, Sepsis. Dalam Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam. Jilid III, Edisi VI. Interna
Publishing, Jakarta, FK UI, 2014. hlm. 692-699
Greg S. Martin, MD, MSc; David M. Mannino, MD; Marc Moss, MD, The Effect of Age on
the
Development
and
Outcome
of
Adult
Sepsis,
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/521101
Henk J. van Leeuwen, MD; Eric C. J. M. Heezius.2003,Lipoprotein metabolism in patients
with severe sepsis, Crit Care Med 2003 Vol. 31, No. 5
Hotchkiss RS and Karl IE.2003, The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis. N Eng J Med.
2003;348(2):138–150.
Josia Ginting, Kejadian Infeksi Rumah Sakit di RSUP HajiAdam Malik, PPI-INOS RSUP
Haji Adam Malik,2013,Medan
J.H.M. Levels., Lipoproteins in innate immunity, di download dari
institutional
repository
of
the
University
of
UvA-DARE, the
Amsterdam
(UvA)
http://hdl.handle.net/11245/2.23394
James A. Russel.,Sepsis breaktrough in 2014, http://crossmark.crossref.org
Joseph P. Gaut., Mechanisms for oxidizing low density lipoprotein, TCM vol 11 no 3/4, 2001
Khovidhunkit W, Kim MS, Memon RA, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Feingold KR, Grunfeld
C.2004
Effects of infection and inflammation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: mechanisms and
consequences to the host. J Lipid Res.;45:1169–1196
Murch O, Collin M, Hinds CJ, Thiemermann C.,Lipoproteins in inflammation and sepsis.
Basic science. Intensive Care Med.2007;33:13–24
Morrell MR, Micek ST, Kollef MH., The management of severe sepsis and septic shock.
Infect Dis Clin.;23:485-501.
Mitra Barati, Mohammad Reza Nazari, Mahshid TalebiTaher, Newsha Farhadi.,Comparison
of Lipid Profile in Septic and Non-Septic Patients, Iran J Clin Infect Dis 2011 Vol. 6
No. 4
Universitas Sumatera Utara
47
Maja Gruber,Prognostic impact of plasma lipids in patients with lower respiratory tract
infections –an observational studys, swiss med wkly 2009 ; 139 (11-12) : 166-172.
www.smw.ch
Mihai G. Netea, Pierre N.M. Demacker, Bart Jan Kullberg et al.,Low-Density Lipoprotein
Receptor-deficient Mice Are Protected Against Lethal Endotoxemia and Severe Gramnegative Infections, The American Society for Clinical Investigation, Inc.Volume 97,
Number 6, March 1996, 1366–1372
Nasronudin.Imunopatogenesis sepsis dan prinsip penatalaksanaan. Dalam : Penyakit Infeksi
di Indonesia, solusi kini dan mendatang, Airlangga university Press.2007:238-45.
Nevire R.Pathophysiology of sepsis.2009. www.Uptodate.com.
Neda Asem , Bobby B. Asem.The Many Faces of Cholesterol: How Modifications in LDL
and HDL Alter Their Potential to Promote or Prevent Atherosclerosis, The UCLA
USJ,2009 Volume 22, Spring
Nosheen Nasir, Bushra Jamil, Shahla Siddiqui, Mortality in Sepsis and its relationship
with Gender, Pak J Med Sci 2015 Vol. 31 No. 5 2015;31(5):1201-1206.
O’Reilly M, Newcomb DE and Remick D.Endotoxin, sepsis, and the primrose path. Shock
1999;12(6):411–420.
Purba D.Kadar PCT sebagai marker dan hubungannya dengan derajat keparahan sepsis. USU
Press.2010 Medan.
Pittet D, Rangel FS, Li N, Tarara D, Costigan M.Systemic inflammatory response syndrome,
sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock: incidence, morbidities and outcomes in surgical
ICU patients. Intensive Care Med 1995 ; 21: 302–09.
Peter O. Kwiterovich Jr., MD.The Metabolic Pathways of HDL, LDL, and Tryglicerides : A
Current Review. Am J Cardiol 2000 ; 86 (suppl) : 5L-10L
Renana Shor et al,Low Serum LDL cholesterol levels and the risk of fever, sepsis, and
malignancy. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory science 2007, vol 37, No 4.
Riaz A. Memon, Ilona Staprans.Infection and Inflammation Induce LDL Oxidation In Vivo,
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20:1536-1542
Riaz A. Memon, Walter M. Holleran, Arthur H. Moser et al.Endotoxin and Cytokines
Increase Hepatic Sphingolipid Biosynthesis and Produce Lipoproteins Enriched in
Ceramides and Sphingomyelin, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:1257-1265.)
Sunil B Kumaraswamy et al,.Decreased plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein M in sepsis
and systemic inflamatory response syndromes, Critical Care 2012, 16:R60
http://ccforum.com/content/16/2/R60
Universitas Sumatera Utara
48
Sang Hoon Lee et al.Prognostic implications of serum lipid metabolism over time during
sepsis Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International VolumE 2015,
Article ID 789298, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/789298
Scott M. Grundy, M.D., Ph.D, Diane Becker, R.N., M.P.H., Sc.D.,Luther T. Clark, M.D. et
al,Detection,Evaluation,and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult
Treatment Panel III), National Cholesterol Education Program,National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health NIH Publication No. 01-3670,2001
Sharma S and Kumar A.Septic shock, multiple orgn failure and acute respiratory syndrome.
Curr Opin Pulm Med 2003;9:199-209
Tobias PS, Soldau K, Ulevitch RJ.Identification of a lipid A binding site in the acute phase
reactant lipopolysaccharide binding protein. J Biol Chem 1989;264:10867–10871
Wyllie DH, Bowler IC, Peto TE.Bacteraemia prediction in emergency medical admissions:
role of C reactive protein. J Clin Pathol. 2005;58:352–356.
Wendel M, Paul R, Heller AR. Lipoproteins in inflammation and sepsis. II. Clinical
aspects.Intensive Care Med 2007;33:25–35. doi:10.1007/s00134-006-0433-x
Wahyudi, Harry Utama.Infeksi Nosokomial. Diakses pada tanggal 9 Februari 2012.
http://.wordpress.com
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abera Kumalo, Tesfaye Kassa, Zewudneh S/Mariam, Deresse Daka, and Andualem Henok
Tadesse,
Bacterial Profile of Adult Sepsis and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility
Pattern at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, South West Ethiopia, Health Science
Journal Vol. 10 No. 2: 3, 2016
Amir Abbas Momtazi, PCSK9 inhibitors in sepsis: a new potential indication? Expert
Opinion
on
Investigational
Drugs,
2017
VOL.
26,
NO.
2,
137–139
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13543784.2017.1272570
Artero A, Zaragoza R and Nogueira JM.Epidemiology of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock.
Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock - Understanding a Serious Killer, Dr. Ricardo
Fernandez,
penyunting.
ISBN:978-953-307-950-9,
In-Tech.
Tersedia
dari:
http://www.intechopen.com/books/severe-sepsis-and-septic-shock-understanding-aserious-killer/epidemiology-of-severe-sepsis-and-septic-shock
Badellino KO, Wolfe ML, Reilly MP, Rader DJ. Endothelial lipase is increased in vivo by
inflammation
in
humans.
Circulation.2008;117:678685.doi:10.1161/
CIRCULATIONAHA.107.707349
Balk RA.2002 Pathogenesis and management of multiple organ dysfunction or failure in
severe sepsis and septic shock. Critical Care Clinics. 2000;16(2):1-10.
Catherine Mclaughlin, Development of novel therapeutic approaches for the reduction of
apolipoprotein B expression, Research Gate.2014,
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/278524013_fig2_Figure-13-Schematic-of-theexogenous-and-endogenous-lipid-metabolism-pathways
Cohen J. 2002,The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature. 2002;420:19-26.
Christ-Crain M and Muller B.2005,Procalcitonin in bacterial infections hype, hope, more or
less? Swiss Med. 2005;135:451-460.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. 2006,Pedoman pengendalian infeksi nosokomial di rumah sakit.
Jakarta : Dir. Jen. Pelayanan Medik Spesialistik.
Dellinger PR, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM, et al.2012
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: InternationalGuidelines for Management of Severe Sepsisand
Septic Shock: 2012. Crit Care Med. 2013; 41:580–637.
Emancipator K, Csako G, Elin RJ.1992,In vitro inactivation of bacterial endotoxin by human
lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Infect Immun.1992; 60:596–601
Universitas Sumatera Utara
46
Ertel W, Kremer PJ, Kenney J, Steckholzer U, Jarrar D, Trentz O, et al.1995,Downregulation
of proinflammatory cytokine release in whole blood from septic patients. Blood.
1995;85(5):1341–1347.
Guntur A.H
: Setiadi S, Alwi I, Sudoyo AW, Simadibrata MK, Setiyohadi B, Syam
AF,.2014, Sepsis. Dalam Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam. Jilid III, Edisi VI. Interna
Publishing, Jakarta, FK UI, 2014. hlm. 692-699
Greg S. Martin, MD, MSc; David M. Mannino, MD; Marc Moss, MD, The Effect of Age on
the
Development
and
Outcome
of
Adult
Sepsis,
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/521101
Henk J. van Leeuwen, MD; Eric C. J. M. Heezius.2003,Lipoprotein metabolism in patients
with severe sepsis, Crit Care Med 2003 Vol. 31, No. 5
Hotchkiss RS and Karl IE.2003, The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis. N Eng J Med.
2003;348(2):138–150.
Josia Ginting, Kejadian Infeksi Rumah Sakit di RSUP HajiAdam Malik, PPI-INOS RSUP
Haji Adam Malik,2013,Medan
J.H.M. Levels., Lipoproteins in innate immunity, di download dari
institutional
repository
of
the
University
of
UvA-DARE, the
Amsterdam
(UvA)
http://hdl.handle.net/11245/2.23394
James A. Russel.,Sepsis breaktrough in 2014, http://crossmark.crossref.org
Joseph P. Gaut., Mechanisms for oxidizing low density lipoprotein, TCM vol 11 no 3/4, 2001
Khovidhunkit W, Kim MS, Memon RA, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Feingold KR, Grunfeld
C.2004
Effects of infection and inflammation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: mechanisms and
consequences to the host. J Lipid Res.;45:1169–1196
Murch O, Collin M, Hinds CJ, Thiemermann C.,Lipoproteins in inflammation and sepsis.
Basic science. Intensive Care Med.2007;33:13–24
Morrell MR, Micek ST, Kollef MH., The management of severe sepsis and septic shock.
Infect Dis Clin.;23:485-501.
Mitra Barati, Mohammad Reza Nazari, Mahshid TalebiTaher, Newsha Farhadi.,Comparison
of Lipid Profile in Septic and Non-Septic Patients, Iran J Clin Infect Dis 2011 Vol. 6
No. 4
Universitas Sumatera Utara
47
Maja Gruber,Prognostic impact of plasma lipids in patients with lower respiratory tract
infections –an observational studys, swiss med wkly 2009 ; 139 (11-12) : 166-172.
www.smw.ch
Mihai G. Netea, Pierre N.M. Demacker, Bart Jan Kullberg et al.,Low-Density Lipoprotein
Receptor-deficient Mice Are Protected Against Lethal Endotoxemia and Severe Gramnegative Infections, The American Society for Clinical Investigation, Inc.Volume 97,
Number 6, March 1996, 1366–1372
Nasronudin.Imunopatogenesis sepsis dan prinsip penatalaksanaan. Dalam : Penyakit Infeksi
di Indonesia, solusi kini dan mendatang, Airlangga university Press.2007:238-45.
Nevire R.Pathophysiology of sepsis.2009. www.Uptodate.com.
Neda Asem , Bobby B. Asem.The Many Faces of Cholesterol: How Modifications in LDL
and HDL Alter Their Potential to Promote or Prevent Atherosclerosis, The UCLA
USJ,2009 Volume 22, Spring
Nosheen Nasir, Bushra Jamil, Shahla Siddiqui, Mortality in Sepsis and its relationship
with Gender, Pak J Med Sci 2015 Vol. 31 No. 5 2015;31(5):1201-1206.
O’Reilly M, Newcomb DE and Remick D.Endotoxin, sepsis, and the primrose path. Shock
1999;12(6):411–420.
Purba D.Kadar PCT sebagai marker dan hubungannya dengan derajat keparahan sepsis. USU
Press.2010 Medan.
Pittet D, Rangel FS, Li N, Tarara D, Costigan M.Systemic inflammatory response syndrome,
sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock: incidence, morbidities and outcomes in surgical
ICU patients. Intensive Care Med 1995 ; 21: 302–09.
Peter O. Kwiterovich Jr., MD.The Metabolic Pathways of HDL, LDL, and Tryglicerides : A
Current Review. Am J Cardiol 2000 ; 86 (suppl) : 5L-10L
Renana Shor et al,Low Serum LDL cholesterol levels and the risk of fever, sepsis, and
malignancy. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory science 2007, vol 37, No 4.
Riaz A. Memon, Ilona Staprans.Infection and Inflammation Induce LDL Oxidation In Vivo,
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20:1536-1542
Riaz A. Memon, Walter M. Holleran, Arthur H. Moser et al.Endotoxin and Cytokines
Increase Hepatic Sphingolipid Biosynthesis and Produce Lipoproteins Enriched in
Ceramides and Sphingomyelin, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:1257-1265.)
Sunil B Kumaraswamy et al,.Decreased plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein M in sepsis
and systemic inflamatory response syndromes, Critical Care 2012, 16:R60
http://ccforum.com/content/16/2/R60
Universitas Sumatera Utara
48
Sang Hoon Lee et al.Prognostic implications of serum lipid metabolism over time during
sepsis Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International VolumE 2015,
Article ID 789298, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/789298
Scott M. Grundy, M.D., Ph.D, Diane Becker, R.N., M.P.H., Sc.D.,Luther T. Clark, M.D. et
al,Detection,Evaluation,and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult
Treatment Panel III), National Cholesterol Education Program,National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health NIH Publication No. 01-3670,2001
Sharma S and Kumar A.Septic shock, multiple orgn failure and acute respiratory syndrome.
Curr Opin Pulm Med 2003;9:199-209
Tobias PS, Soldau K, Ulevitch RJ.Identification of a lipid A binding site in the acute phase
reactant lipopolysaccharide binding protein. J Biol Chem 1989;264:10867–10871
Wyllie DH, Bowler IC, Peto TE.Bacteraemia prediction in emergency medical admissions:
role of C reactive protein. J Clin Pathol. 2005;58:352–356.
Wendel M, Paul R, Heller AR. Lipoproteins in inflammation and sepsis. II. Clinical
aspects.Intensive Care Med 2007;33:25–35. doi:10.1007/s00134-006-0433-x
Wahyudi, Harry Utama.Infeksi Nosokomial. Diakses pada tanggal 9 Februari 2012.
http://.wordpress.com
Universitas Sumatera Utara