Pengaruh Faktor Ibu terhadap Kelahiran Prematur di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Padangsidimpuan
ABSTRAK
Persalinan prematur merupakan persalinan yang berlangsung pada umur
kehamilan 20-37 minggu dihitung dari hari pertama haid terakhir. Penyebab kelahiran
prematur merupakan kelainan multifaktorial yaitu karena keadaan obstetrik,
sosiodemografi dan faktor medik. Lokasi penelitian adalah di Rumah Sakit Umum
Daerah Kota Padangsidimpuan, dimana survey awal diperoleh jumlah kelahiran
prematur semakin meningkat dari tahun 2011 sebanyak 40 bayi, tahun 2012
sebanyak 52 bayi, serta tahun 2013 sebanyak 65 kelahiran prematur. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor ibu terhadap kelahiran prematur di
RSUD Kota Padangsidimpuan.
Jenis penelitian adalah studi analitik observasional desain kasus kontrol.
Populasi kasus adalah seluruh ibu yang melahirkan prematur di RSUD Kota
Padangsidimpuan. Populasi terdiri dari populasi kasus dan kontrol sebanyak 77 kasus
dan 77 kontrol. Sampelnya adalah 77 kasus dan 77 kontrol, diambil dengan teknik
nonprobability sampling secara consecutive yang dilakukan matching terhadap umur
ibu dan dianalisis dengan regresi logistic ganda pada α = 0,05%.
Hasil analisis bivariat dengan uji chi square menunjukkan paritas, jarak antar
kelahiran dan riwayat obstetrik berpengaruh dengan kelahiran prematur. Hasil
analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik berganda bahwa paritas (OR=9,92;
95%CI 3,84-25,61), jarak antar kelahiran (OR=9,36; 95%CI 3,53-24,79) dan riwayat
obstetrik (OR=10,72; 95%CI 4,07-28,29) berpengaruh terhadap kelahiran prematur.
Riwayat Obstetrik merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap
kelahiran prematur.
Disarankan Kepada RSUD Kota Padangsidimpuan agar lebih meningkatkan
sistem pelayanan kesehatan dengan memberikan sosialisasi, Komunikasi Informasi
Edukasi (KIE) pada ibu hamil tentang pentingnya pemeriksaan kehamilan secara
teratur minimal 4 kali kunjungan selama kehamilan dan memberikan pelayanan
kesehatan dan KB kepada ibu untuk mencegah terjadinya jarak kelahiran 3 orang yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kelahiran prematur.
Kata Kunci : Kelahiran Prematur, Paritas, Jarak Antar Kelahiran, Riwayat
Obstetrik
ABSTRACT
Preterm labor is labor that took place at 20-37 weeks of gestation calculated
from the first day of last menstruation. Causes of premature birth is a multifactorial
disorder that is due to the state of obstetric, sociodemographic and medical factors.
Location of the study was on General Hospital Padangsidimpuan City, where the
initial survey obtained the number of premature births has increased from the year
2011 as many as 40 babies, in 2012 as many as 52 babies, and in 2013 as many as 65
premature births. This study aims to analyze the effect of maternal factor on preterm
birth in hospitals Padangsidimpuan City.
The study was an observational analytic study case-control design. The
population of the entire case is the mother who gave birth prematurely at City
Hospital Padangsidimpuan. The population consists of a population of cases and
controls were 77 cases and 77 controls. The sample was 77 cases and 77 controls,
taken with nonprobability sampling technique performed consecutive matched
against maternal age and analyzed by multiple logistic regression at α = 0.05%.
The results of bivariate analysis with chi square test indicates parity, spacing
between births and obstetric history influenced by premature birth. Multivariate
analysis with multiple logistic regression test that parity (OR = 9.92, 95% CI 3.84 to
25.61), spacing between births (OR = 9.36, 95% CI 3.53 to 24.79) and obstetric
history (OR = 10.72, 95% CI 4.07 to 28.29) effect on preterm birth. Obstetric history
is the most dominant variable effect on preterm birth.
To the City Hospital Padangsidimpuan advised to further improve the health
care system by providing socialization, Information Education Communication (IEC)
on pregnant women about the importance of regular antenatal visits at least 4 times
during pregnancy and provide health and family planning services to prevent mother
to birth spacing 3 people that can lead to premature delivery.
Keywords: Premature Birth, Parity, Spacing Between Births, Obstetric History
Persalinan prematur merupakan persalinan yang berlangsung pada umur
kehamilan 20-37 minggu dihitung dari hari pertama haid terakhir. Penyebab kelahiran
prematur merupakan kelainan multifaktorial yaitu karena keadaan obstetrik,
sosiodemografi dan faktor medik. Lokasi penelitian adalah di Rumah Sakit Umum
Daerah Kota Padangsidimpuan, dimana survey awal diperoleh jumlah kelahiran
prematur semakin meningkat dari tahun 2011 sebanyak 40 bayi, tahun 2012
sebanyak 52 bayi, serta tahun 2013 sebanyak 65 kelahiran prematur. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor ibu terhadap kelahiran prematur di
RSUD Kota Padangsidimpuan.
Jenis penelitian adalah studi analitik observasional desain kasus kontrol.
Populasi kasus adalah seluruh ibu yang melahirkan prematur di RSUD Kota
Padangsidimpuan. Populasi terdiri dari populasi kasus dan kontrol sebanyak 77 kasus
dan 77 kontrol. Sampelnya adalah 77 kasus dan 77 kontrol, diambil dengan teknik
nonprobability sampling secara consecutive yang dilakukan matching terhadap umur
ibu dan dianalisis dengan regresi logistic ganda pada α = 0,05%.
Hasil analisis bivariat dengan uji chi square menunjukkan paritas, jarak antar
kelahiran dan riwayat obstetrik berpengaruh dengan kelahiran prematur. Hasil
analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik berganda bahwa paritas (OR=9,92;
95%CI 3,84-25,61), jarak antar kelahiran (OR=9,36; 95%CI 3,53-24,79) dan riwayat
obstetrik (OR=10,72; 95%CI 4,07-28,29) berpengaruh terhadap kelahiran prematur.
Riwayat Obstetrik merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap
kelahiran prematur.
Disarankan Kepada RSUD Kota Padangsidimpuan agar lebih meningkatkan
sistem pelayanan kesehatan dengan memberikan sosialisasi, Komunikasi Informasi
Edukasi (KIE) pada ibu hamil tentang pentingnya pemeriksaan kehamilan secara
teratur minimal 4 kali kunjungan selama kehamilan dan memberikan pelayanan
kesehatan dan KB kepada ibu untuk mencegah terjadinya jarak kelahiran 3 orang yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kelahiran prematur.
Kata Kunci : Kelahiran Prematur, Paritas, Jarak Antar Kelahiran, Riwayat
Obstetrik
ABSTRACT
Preterm labor is labor that took place at 20-37 weeks of gestation calculated
from the first day of last menstruation. Causes of premature birth is a multifactorial
disorder that is due to the state of obstetric, sociodemographic and medical factors.
Location of the study was on General Hospital Padangsidimpuan City, where the
initial survey obtained the number of premature births has increased from the year
2011 as many as 40 babies, in 2012 as many as 52 babies, and in 2013 as many as 65
premature births. This study aims to analyze the effect of maternal factor on preterm
birth in hospitals Padangsidimpuan City.
The study was an observational analytic study case-control design. The
population of the entire case is the mother who gave birth prematurely at City
Hospital Padangsidimpuan. The population consists of a population of cases and
controls were 77 cases and 77 controls. The sample was 77 cases and 77 controls,
taken with nonprobability sampling technique performed consecutive matched
against maternal age and analyzed by multiple logistic regression at α = 0.05%.
The results of bivariate analysis with chi square test indicates parity, spacing
between births and obstetric history influenced by premature birth. Multivariate
analysis with multiple logistic regression test that parity (OR = 9.92, 95% CI 3.84 to
25.61), spacing between births (OR = 9.36, 95% CI 3.53 to 24.79) and obstetric
history (OR = 10.72, 95% CI 4.07 to 28.29) effect on preterm birth. Obstetric history
is the most dominant variable effect on preterm birth.
To the City Hospital Padangsidimpuan advised to further improve the health
care system by providing socialization, Information Education Communication (IEC)
on pregnant women about the importance of regular antenatal visits at least 4 times
during pregnancy and provide health and family planning services to prevent mother
to birth spacing 3 people that can lead to premature delivery.
Keywords: Premature Birth, Parity, Spacing Between Births, Obstetric History