DESTINY OF THE SANDS OF TIME IN MIKE NEWELL MOVIE ENTITLED PRINCE OF PERSIA (2010): Destiny Of The Sands Of Time In Mike Newell Movie Entitled Prince Of Persia (2010): A Individual Psychological Approach.

1

DESTINY OF THE SANDS OF TIME IN MIKE NEWELL MOVIE ENTITLED PRINCE OF PERSIA (2010):

A INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH

JOURNAL PUBLICATION

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education

in English Department

by

FITRIA SRI HASTUTI A 320 080 007

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

Jl. A. Yani

Sur Yang bertanda tangan Nama

NIP/ NIK Nama NIP/ NIK

Telah membaca men ringkasan skripsi (tug Nama

NIM

Program Studi Judul Skripsi

Naskah artikel tersebu Demikian persetujuan

Pembimbing I

2

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SU FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU P ni TromolPos 1 – Pabelan, Kartasura Telp (0271) 71741

urat Persetujuan Artikel Publikasi Ilmiah an di bawah ini pembimbing skripsi/ tugas akhi

: Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum (Pemb

: 589

: Siti Fatimah, S. Pd, M. Hum (Pemb

: 850

encermati naskah artikel publikasi ilmiah, y ugas akhir) dari mahasiswa:

: Fitria Sri Hastuti : A 320 080 007 : FKIP/ Bahasa Inggris

: DESTINY OF THE SANDS OF TIM NEWELL MOVIE ENTITLED PRINCE

(2010): A INDIVIDUAL PSYC

APPROACH

ebut, layak dan dapat disetujui untuk dipublikas an tersebut dibuat, semoga dapat dipergunakan

Surakarta,

Pem

SURAKARTA U PENDIDIKAN

417 Fax: 715448 Surakarta 57102

khir:

mbimbing I)

bimbing II)

, yang merupakan

TIME IN MIKE CE OF PERSIA YCHOLOGICAL

asikan.

an sepenuhnya.

rta, 1 April 2013

DESTINY OF T EN A INDIV

Accep Sc

M

The Board of Examin 1. Drs. Abdillah Nug (First Consultant) 2. Dra. Siti Fatimah, (Second Consultant)

3

ACCEPTANCE

THE SANDS OF TIME IN MIKE NEWEL ENTITLED PRINCE OF PERSIA (2010): DIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROAC

PUBLICATION ARTICLES

Written by FITRIA SRI HASTUTI

A320080007

epted and Approved by the Board of Examiners Schools of Teacher Training and Education

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

iners:

ugroho, M. Hum.

ah, S. Pd, M. Hum.

ELL MOVIE

ACH

1

DESTINY OF THE SANDS OF TIME IN MIKE NEWELL MOVIE ENTITLED PRINCE OF PERSIA (2010):

A INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH

Fitria Sri Hastuti Abdillah Nugroho Siti Fatimah

(School of Teacher Training of Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta)

SUMMARY

FITRIA SRI HASTUTI. A 320 080 007.DESTINY OF THE SANDS OF TIME IN MIKE NEWELL MOVIE ENTITLED PRINCE OF PERSIA: A INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH. RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2012.

The major problem of this study is how _{is the Destiny of the Sands of Time} reflected in Prince of Persia’s Movie based on Individual Psychological Approach. This study focuses on analysing the characteristic of Dastan as main character in Prince of Persia Movie.

This study uses two data source, namely primary and secondary data source. The primary data source of the study is the movie Prince of Persia directed by Mike Newell, while the secondary data including the scrip of the movie and the other information from the book and website from internet that were relevant to the subject matter.

The method of data collection is qualitative method. Based on the analysis, the study of this research comes from the major character problem. The researcher using an individual psychological approach that appropiate to analyse the relationship between the theory and the movie. All those steps the researcher hope it will answer the goal of this research.

2 A. Introduction

1. Background of the Study.

Individual psychology is a term used specifically to refer to the psychological method or science founded by the Viennese psychiatrist Alfred Adler (Fall, Holden, & Marquis, 2002). The English edition of Adler's work on the subject (1925) is a collection of papers and lectures given mainly in 1912-1914, and covers the whole range of human psychology in a single survey, intended to mirror the indivisible unity of the personality.

2. Literature Review.

Prince of Persia movie is a good movie and as long as the writer knows, the writer cannot make the comparison with the other researches. Besides, thereis many students of English Department have ever studied the Individual Perspective Analysis as a research problem, but for the little Destiny of the Sands of Time never studied by the students of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta and Surakarta Region.

3. Problem Statement.

Based on the title and background of the study the writer formulates the problem as follows: “How is the Destiny of the Sands of Time reflected in Prince of Persia’s Movie?”

4. Limitation of the Study.

The writer focuses on analysing the characteristic of Dastan as main character in Prince of Persia Movie (2010) based on a Individual Psychlogical Approach.

5. Objectives of the Study.

The objective of the study are mentioned as follows:

a. To analyze the Princeof Persia’s movie based on the structural elements of the movie.

3 6. Benefits of the Study.

There are two benefits that expected from this study are as follows: a. Theoritical Benefits.

The study is hoped to give some contribution of the large body of knowledge to the literary study in The Sands of Time movie based on a Individual Physicological Approach.

b. Practical Benefit.

The study is expected to improve the researcher’s understanding and about the content of the movie especially.

7. Underlying Theory.

This chapter deals with underlying theory used in this study, namely individual psychological approach. This chapter is divided into four parts. The theory of psychology which is used by the researher is to describe the psychological aspects, is individual psychology proposed by Alfred Adler. This usage of this theory is based the assumption that psychology has a close relationship with literature. In this chapter, the assumption is not understood in the terms of literary production but in terms of perspective in understanding life, to get better understanding of this theory, the writer is going to present the notion of individual psychological, the basic principles of individual psychology and theoretical application.

a. Structural Elements of the Movie. 1) Narrative Elements.

a) Character and Characterization.

In general, the role of character will prosper when the characterization can show individuality in his role so that the audience will easy for narrating the nature of character itself. b) Plot

Plot is used for describing everything that visibly and audibly present in the movie before us (Bordwell and Thompson, 1990:57), bassicly plot contain of three parts, they are; The

4

Beginning, the beginning is about one quarter the length of a movie production (Douglass and Harnden, 1996:48). The Middle, in this part consist of two elements : rising action and climax.Rising action is the conflict between characters which produced suspense to climax is the highest points of the conflict, and The End, the end is also called resolution. The ending of the story is giving the problem solving all events in society.

c) Point of View

There are three categories of point of view based on perspective of story teller, namely first person, second person and third person.

d) Theme

Theme is the basic idea of story in which the author portrays through conflicts of characters with other character or with life events.

e) Setting

Setting is where the audience can meet the character or what environment they can find the characters in the movie (Douglass and Harnden, 1996:110).

2) Technical Elements of the Movie. a) Mise-en-Scene

Mise-en-scene includes those aspects that overlap with

the art of theatre: setting, lighting, costume, and the behavior of the figures. Mise-en-scene contain of three parts, they are; (1) Set Dressing and Properties

Set Dressing and Properties are the items in the scene such as furniture, photos, or picture on the wall, curtains, knick-knack on the table, lamps, rugs and anything that dresses the bare walls and floor of set (Douglass and harnden, 1996:131).

5 (2) Costumes and Make-up,

Costumes are some clothes won by the actors to support movie quality, especially the quality of picture. Make up helps thecharacters present the externak apperanceof the movie. Both of costume and make up also alowed the period in which the story takes place.

(3) Lighting

Lighting design is fundamental to the photograpic arts, meanwhile lighting setup is used to produce the desired lighting effects (Douglass and Harnden, 1996:136).

b) Casting and Acting

Casting in a movie is a process in choosing an actor or an actress that will play the character of the movie. Acting is the work of an actor or actress, which is a person in theatre, film, or any other storytelling medium who tells the story by portraying a character and, usually, speaking or singing the written text or play.

c) Cinematography

According to Bordwel and Thompson (1990:156) the moviemaker also controls what the audience will call the cinematograpic qualities of the shot. It consists of three features;

(1) Photographic Qualities of Shot

Photograpic Qualities of Shot is part of the process in talking the actions that than united in the movie. Moviemaker can control and manipulate their shot through their light, sound, tone, etc.

6 (2) Framing of Shot

A frame means the position from which the object in the image by means of the way framing the position the angle, level, height and distance of vantage point into the image. Angle is the position of frame related to the image. Bordwell and Thompson (1990:167) stated in a movie, the frame is not simply a neutral border.

(3) Duration of Shot,

Accoding to Bordwell and Thompson (1990:176) the quality of cinematography is influenced by the duration of shot and the time of the events in the movie. The duration of shot refers to the time in taking events of the movie by camera.

d) Editing

Editing is easy to notice, it is only because of the prevalent technique but also because the disjunction of space, time and graphics made by editing step to the eye attention. Continuity editing can be developed into several parts:

(1) Axis of Action or the 180° Line

It consists of a person walking, two people are conversing, a car racing along a road is assumed to project along a discernible and predictable line (Bordwell and Thompson, 1990:218).

(2) Establishing Shot

Establishing shots make clear the spatial relations among characters and the space they inhabit.

(3) Reverse Shot

Shot reverse shot is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character (often

off-7

screen), and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character.

(4) Reestablishing Shot

It is simply a return to a view of an entire space after a series of closer shots following the establishing shot (Bordwell and Thompson, 1990:222).

(5) Match on Action

Match on action (or cutting on action) is an editing technique for continuity editing in which one shot cuts to another shot portraying the action of the subject in the first shot.

(6) Cross Cutting

It is an unrestricted knowledge of causal, temporal, or spatial information by alternating shots from one line of action in one place with shots of other events in other places (Bordwell and Thompson, 1990:228).

e) Sound

Sound is audio in the movie consist of music, speech and noise and have function to clear the setting and give image for the event of the movie. As Philips (2005:163) sound in cinema takes four forms; spoken world, sound effects, music and science.

b. Individual Psychological Approach

The theory of psychology which is used by the researher is to describe the psychological aspects, is individual psychology proposed by Alfred Adler.Individual psychology is a term used specifically to refer to the psychological method or science founded by the Viennese psychiatrist Alfred Adler (Fall, Holden, & Marquis, 2002). The English edition of Adler's work on the subject (1925) is a collection of papers and lectures given mainly in 1912-1914, and covers the whole

8

range of human psychology in a single survey, intended to mirror the indivisible unity of the personality.

1) Inferiority Feeling and Compensation

Inferiority feeling is challenge for an individual to strive in his/her life. So, an individual has to struggle for surviving. According to Adler (Hall, 1985: 147), inferiority means feeling weak and unskilled in the face of tasks that need to be completed. Adler in the psychological sphere, which people often stride to compensate not only for organ inferirorities but also subjectivities feelings for inferiority, those arise from uniquely felt psychological pro social disabilities.

2) Striving for Superiority

Everyone has a striving for superiority. It is to make a better life. The striving for superiority occurs at both the individual and the societal levels. We strive for perfection not only as individulas; as members of society, but we strive to perfect our culture. Finally, a person who is living in concern with their social world, they will strive to create a better world (Hjelle, 1992: 144). 3) Fictional Finalism

Every human being has purpose or goal for their life, so every person has to struggle for their life. Struggle has three aspects. The first is to make one’s thought, speech, and action answers the demands of one’s own ideal, while at the same time giving expression to all the impulses and desires which belong to one’s natural being. The next aspect of the struggle with oneself is to fit in with others, with their various ideas and demands. For this a man has to make himself as narrow or as wide as the place that one asks him to fill, which is a delicate matter, difficult for all to comprehend and practise. And the third aspect of the struggle with oneself is to give accommodation to others in one’s own life, in

9

one’s own heart, large or small as the demand may be. Struggle for life is the implication from fictional finalism.

4) Style of Life

Style for life is the individual opinion him self, the world unique way of striving for the goal in his particular situation and it begins to appear when they try to overcome their difficulties. Style for life refers to the unique pattern of traits, behaviors, and habits, which show the particular ways that a person does to reach his life goal (Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992:74).

5) Social Interest

Human is social creature, they can not live without others. They have to make such kind of clan to get a certain purpose, to continuing their life. Human could not exist for a long time without continuing cooperation among their group. God creates human as social creatures who live in society where many other people live. Social interest can be defined as an attitude of relatedness with humanity in general, as well as empathy for each member of human race. It manifests itself as cooperation with other for social advancement rather than for personal gain (Adler in Feist 1985:34-35).

6) Creative Self

The creative self is responsible for the person’s life goal; it determines the method of striving for the goal and contributes to the development of social interest. This same creative force also dominates the person’s perception, memories, fantasies, and creams. It makes a free or self-determined individual (Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992: 150). The concept of creative self is the expansion of style of life.

10 B. Research Method

There are five aspects of study method in this study paper: 1. Type of the Study

The type of th study of this research is qualitative research.Besides book and other related references to support the subject matter. Qualitative research is a type of scientific research because it does not include calculation and enumeration.

2. Object of the Study

The object of study is Dastan in Prince of Persia directed by Mike Newell.

3. Type of the Data and the Data Source There are two data in this research:

a. Primary Data Source

The primary data source of the study is the movie Prince Of

Persia directed by Mike Newell.

b. Secondary Data Source

The writer takes the secondary data source, including the scrip of the movie and the other information from the book and website from internet that were relevant to the subject matter.

4. Technique of the Data Collection

The technique of data collection is library research, the several steps are: a. Watching and understanding movie in several time

b. Determining the character that will be analysed

c. Taking notes of information part in both primary and secondary data d. Reading the related books to search data information

e. Searching website and other resources that related to the movie f. Classifying and determining the relevant data

5. Technique of the Data Analysis.

The technique used in analyzing the data is descriptive analysis. It concerns with the structural elements of the movie and individual Physicological approach

11 C. Research Finding and Discussion

In this chapter, the researcher gives a brief explanation of the structural elements of the movie which is divided into two elements. The narrative elements consist of character and characterization, setting, plot, point of view, and theme; while the technical elements of mise-en-scene, casting and acting, cinematography, sound, and editing.

1. Structural Elements of the Movie: a. Narrative Elements of the Movie:

1) Character and Characterization: a) Major Character

Dastan acted by Jake Gyllenhaal, and Princess Tamina acted by Gemma Aterton.

Picture 1. Prince Dastan Picture 2. Princess Tamina b) Minor Character

King Sharaman, Nizam acted by Ben Kingsley, Sheik Amar acted by Alfred Molina, and Tus and Garsiv as Prince Dastan’s Brothers.

12

Picure 5. Sheik Amar Pictures 6. Tus (right) and Garsiv (left)

2) Setting

Setting is where people meet characters or what environment we find the characters in the movie (Douglass and Harnden, 1996:109). Setting contain of two parts:

a) Setting of Time

The different time periods (in the different town) were required for the film to accommodate flashbacks and the story’s progression. Flashbacks involved scenes from the mid-1980s when the Prince Dastan and Princess Tamina got into trouble around empire.

b) Setting of Place.

There are two places in the movie:

Picture 7. Ancient Persia Picture 8. Alamut 3) Plot

Plot is used for describing everything that visibly and audibly present in the movie before us (Bordwell and Thompson,

13

1990:57). Based on Douglass and Harnden (1996:48) basically plot contain of three parts, they are;

a) The Beginning

The movie is beginning when An attack on the sacred city of Alamut is planned by Dastan , an orphan in the Persian Empire adopted by King Sharaman , his royal-blooded adoptive brothers, Tus and Garsiv , and his uncle, Nizam , after Alamut is believed to be selling weapons to Persia's enemies. Dastan leads a surprise attack to open the city's gates to allow the army in during the ensuing battle, Dastan comes into possession of a unique dagger. Alamut's princess, Tamina , is arrested and agrees to marry Tus in order to achieve peace after noticing Dastan's dagger.

b) Middle

The middle of this movie explain how Dastan catches up with Tamina and explains that Nizam is behind the murder because his hands were burned. Once Tamina finally explains everything about the Dagger, Dastan realizes why Nizam wants the Dagger of Time: to use it with the massive Sandglass to go back in time and undo saving Sharaman from a lion so he could become king. He fabricates the false allegations that Alamut has been dealing weapons to Persia's enemies so that he would have the opportunity to search the city for the Sandglass. However, Tamina warns that opening the Sandglass would release the sands, triggering an apocalyptic sandstorm that would destroy the entire world. Meanwhile, Nizam hires the lethal Hassansins to slay Dastan.

c) Ending

The end of this movie is when Dastan stops the siege of Alamut, revealing Nizam's treachery; Nizam is angry and attempts to kill Dastan, but is stabbed in the chest by Tus's

14

blade and dies. After apologizing for the ransacking of her city, Tus suggests that perhaps Tamina should become Dastan's wife as a sign of good will since he is the "conqueror and savior of her city". Prince Dastan returns the Dagger of Time to Tamina and the two take a walk together. During their conversation, Dastan hints at his knowledge of the dagger's power and tells Tamina that he looks forward to a future with her.

4) Point of View

Point of View is one of the most interesting and basic narrative devices available to the storyteller. It is deciding from whose point(s) of view to tell the story; else likes chronologies, plots, characters, themes, and interpretation flows from this decision. Douglas and Harnden (1996: 31) divide point of view as follows.

5) Theme

Theme is the basic idea of story in which the author portrays through conflicts of characters with other character or with life events. In discovering theme, the filmmakers will examine their attitude toward the subject, study the material and analyze their knowledge of the audience.

2. Technical Elements a. Mise-en-Scene

Mise-en-scene includes those aspects that overlap with the art of

theatre:

1) Set Dressing and Properties

Set Dressing are the items in the scene such as furniture, photos, or picture on the wall, curtains, knick-knack on the table, lamps, rugs and anything that dresses the bare walls and floor of set (Douglass and Harnden, 1996:131) state that “ Props refers to objects that actors use in the drama or film such as a picture of a love one, a baseball gloves, a gun, a bouquet of flowers, or a pizza that delivered to the door”.

15

2) Custom and Make-Up

costumes are some clothes won by the actors to support movie quality, especially the quality of picture. Costumes also reflect the period in which the movie takes place and social position of thecharacter. Make up helps thecharacters present the external apperance of the movie. Both of costume and make up also alowed the period in which the story takes place. In Prince

of Persia movie there are many different costumes for different

actors. For example, Prince Dastan use long brown robe and a black headscraf.

3) Lighting

Lighting in the film production is also important element. It help the viewer to see the action as the function of lighting shaping the object by creating highlight and shadow. This aspect can be separated into four features:

a) Quality

Lighting quality here mean that relative interesting of the illumination. It is dividing into two; hard and soft lighting (Bardwell and Thompson, 1990: 194).

Picture 9. Hard Lighting Sample Picture 10. Soft Lighting Sample b) Direction

The most used lighting direction in Prince of Persia movie is frontal lighting although it still combines with another

16

lighting direction such as side lighting, back lighting, and top lighting.

Picture 11. Frontal Lighting Sample Picture 12.Side Lighting Sample

Picture 13. Back Lighting Sample c) Source

There are two sources of lights: key light and fill light.

Picture 14.the Source Lighting from the Candle d) Colour

Colour in lighting can be manipulated by shining motion lamps through a transparent colored filter (Bordwell and

17

Thompson, 1990: 136). In Prince of Persia movie uses realistic sources.

Picture 15. Natural Color, Indicate Freedom

b. Sound

Sound is audio in the movie consist of music, speech and noise and have function to clear the setting and give image for the event of the movie. Sound in cinema takes four forms; spoken world, sound effects, music and science. Prince of Persia movie involves not only dialogue and music, but also sound effect. It creates a real sound especially in this movie, such as alarm.

c. Editing

Editing consist of 6 elements: Axsis of Action, Estabilishing Shot, Reverse Shot, Reestabilishing Shot, Match on Action,and Cross Cutting. We can see from this pictures:

18

Picture 18.Reverse Shot

Picture 19.Reestablishing Shot

Picture 20. Match on Action

Picture 21.Cross Cutting d. Casting and Acting

November 2007, Disney entered negotiation with Mike Newell to direct the film based on a script by Mechner and Nachamanotoff, until the 2007-2008. The choosing of Jake Gyllenhaal as Dastan was right. The acting is believable, never delving into melodrama or cliché. With any academy awards on her resume, not mean to disregard other actors.

19

e. Cinematography

The cinematography covers three features: 1) Photographic Qualities of the Shot

The quality of photographic in a film is the duty of director photography that has to manage the photography in creating the best picture. In Prince of Persia movie, this position is held by John Seale as director of photography.

Picture 22.Slow Motion Picture 23.Fast Motion 2) Framing of the Shot

A frame means the position from which the object in the image by means of the way framing the position the angle, level, height and distance of vantage point into the image. Framing of the Shot consist of:

a) Camera Angle

20

Picture 26.Straight on Angle Expression b) Camera distance

Camera distance can be seen as follow:

Picture 27.Extremely Long Shot Picture 28.Medium Long Shot

Picture 29.Long Shot Picture 30.Medium Shot

21 3) Duration of the Shot

Accoding to Bordwell and Thompson (1990:176) the quality of cinematography is influenced by the duration of shot and the time of the events in the movie. The duration of shot refers to the time in taking events of the movie by camera. The duration of Prince of

Persia movie is 116 minutes.

3. Individual Psychological Analysis

In the chapter IV the researcher will analyze the main character of

Prince of Persia movie, namely Dastan. The two previous chapters have

explained the theories and the analysis of the structural elements, and the proceeding chapter will be used to determine the psychological analysis, especially Adler’s Individual Psychological analysis.

This analysis is presented through six basic principles of Adler’s theory, which covers individual psychology, namely fictional finalism, inferiority feeling and compensation, striving for superiority, style of life, social interest and creative power.

a. Fictional Finalism

Fictional Finalism is the idea that human behavior is directed toward a future goal of its own making. In Prince of Persia movie, the fictional finalism of Prince Dastan and Princess Tamina as the major character. It is a nature that the goal is based on happiness. The researchers find the happiness in this movie is whe Prince Dastan could prove the truth.

b. Inferiority Feeling and Compensation

In order words, man is pushed by the need to overcome his inferiority and pulled by the desire to be superior (Hall and Lindzey, 1985: 124). People often stride to compensate not only for organ inferiorities but also subjectivities feelings for inferiority; those arise from uniquely felt psychological pro social disabilities. The inferiority feeling and compensation of Prince Dastan in Prince of Persia movie

22

appears again when he had to work hard to restore time and prove the truth.

c. Striving for Superiority

Striving for Superiority is an effort to overcome feelings of inferiority by doing the things that can develop the self-existence in society. In Prince of Persia movie, striving for superiority appears in the ways he takes to his family's disbelief. Prince Dastan and Prince Tamina work together to prove his brothers.

d. Style of Life

Style of life refers to the unique pattern of traits, behaviors, and habits, which show the particular ways that a person does to reach his life goal. Style of life includes not only the person’s goal, but also self-concept feeling toward others, and attitude toward the world (Feist, 1985:74). Style of life of Prince Dastan is belonging to socially useful type, people with great deal of social interest. He intensely closes to her brothers and honor to his father.

e. Social Interest

In Monte and Sollod (2003: 179), Adler assert that only a person with strong social interest can successfully solve all the problem of life he has. Prince Dastan loved his family so much, even though he have troubled in exonerate her brother, he still want to make a good time with his own family and support them.

f. Creative Self

Creative Self is responsible for the person’s life goal; it determines the method of striving for the goal and contributes to the development of social interest. Prince Dastan and Princess Tamina work together to protect the dagger, but first, they have to learn to trust each other. But his effort paid off, he was be a true prince and married to a beautiful princess.

23 D. Conclusion and Suggestion

1. Conclusion

After analyzing the movie from the structural elements and the individual psychological approach, the writer then concludes this research paper as follows. First, based on the structural analysis, it is clear that in this movie, the director, Mike Newell deliver a moral message that justice is more important than individual happiness. This movie tells the story of young street orphan, Dastan adopted by the Persian King Sharaman who admires the boy’s strength and courage. Mike adapted and built his movie by employing the right mise-en-scene and proper cinematography so that the movie formed a good unity. Second, based on the individual psychological analysis, it is evident that in this movie, Mike Newell illustrates a psychological phenomenon in which the major character. It is apparent that in this movie, Mikealso also criticized how the police is sometimes arrogant and reckless in implementing law enforcement.

2. Suggestion

Since Prince of Persia movie has not been researched yet by other researchers, the researcher suggests the other researchers to do an analysis of this movie with the other approaches such as Psychoanalytic approach to see the movie with another view. For example, the other researchers can analyze the mental condition of Prince Dastan in facing her problem. Finally the researcher expects that this research paper contributes to the reader references and positive input in literary world

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Asimov, Isaac. 1983. Psychology Today. New York: Randon House.

Atkinson, Rita L & Friends. 1983. Introduction to Psychology. United States of America: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.

Bordwell, David and Kristin Thompson. 1990. Film Art An Introduction. New York: Mc Graw-Hill, Inc.

Burger, Jerry. 1986. Personality Theory and Study. California: Wordsworth Betmont.

Corsini, Raymond. J. 1987. Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology. New York City: John Wiley H Jons.

Douglass, John S and Gleen P. Harnden. 1996. The Art of Technoque (An

Aesthetic Approach to Fil and Video Production). Boston: Alynn and

Bacon.

Feist, Jess. 1985. Theories of Pesonality. Canada: C 85 College Publishing. Hall, Calvin S. and Gardned Lindzey. 1985. Theories of Personalities. Canada:

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

VIRTUAL REFERENCES

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ThePrinceofPersia)

19

e. Cinematography

The cinematography covers three features: 1) Photographic Qualities of the Shot

The quality of photographic in a film is the duty of director photography that has to manage the photography in creating the best picture. In Prince of Persia movie, this position is held by John Seale as director of photography.

Picture 22.Slow Motion Picture 23.Fast Motion

2) Framing of the Shot

A frame means the position from which the object in the image by means of the way framing the position the angle, level, height and distance of vantage point into the image. Framing of the Shot consist of:

a) Camera Angle

20

Picture 26.Straight on Angle Expression

b) Camera distance

Camera distance can be seen as follow:

Picture 27.Extremely Long Shot Picture 28.Medium Long Shot

Picture 29.Long Shot Picture 30.Medium Shot

21

3) Duration of the Shot

Accoding to Bordwell and Thompson (1990:176) the quality of cinematography is influenced by the duration of shot and the time of the events in the movie. The duration of shot refers to the time in taking events of the movie by camera. The duration of Prince of

Persia movie is 116 minutes. 3. Individual Psychological Analysis

In the chapter IV the researcher will analyze the main character of

Prince of Persia movie, namely Dastan. The two previous chapters have

explained the theories and the analysis of the structural elements, and the proceeding chapter will be used to determine the psychological analysis, especially Adler’s Individual Psychological analysis.

This analysis is presented through six basic principles of Adler’s theory, which covers individual psychology, namely fictional finalism, inferiority feeling and compensation, striving for superiority, style of life, social interest and creative power.

a. Fictional Finalism

Fictional Finalism is the idea that human behavior is directed toward a future goal of its own making. In Prince of Persia movie, the fictional finalism of Prince Dastan and Princess Tamina as the major character. It is a nature that the goal is based on happiness. The researchers find the happiness in this movie is whe Prince Dastan could prove the truth.

b. Inferiority Feeling and Compensation

In order words, man is pushed by the need to overcome his inferiority and pulled by the desire to be superior (Hall and Lindzey, 1985: 124). People often stride to compensate not only for organ inferiorities but also subjectivities feelings for inferiority; those arise from uniquely felt psychological pro social disabilities. The inferiority feeling and compensation of Prince Dastan in Prince of Persia movie

22

appears again when he had to work hard to restore time and prove the truth.

c. Striving for Superiority

Striving for Superiority is an effort to overcome feelings of inferiority by doing the things that can develop the self-existence in society. In Prince of Persia movie, striving for superiority appears in the ways he takes to his family's disbelief. Prince Dastan and Prince Tamina work together to prove his brothers.

d. Style of Life

Style of life refers to the unique pattern of traits, behaviors, and habits, which show the particular ways that a person does to reach his life goal. Style of life includes not only the person’s goal, but also self-concept feeling toward others, and attitude toward the world (Feist, 1985:74). Style of life of Prince Dastan is belonging to socially useful type, people with great deal of social interest. He intensely closes to her brothers and honor to his father.

e. Social Interest

In Monte and Sollod (2003: 179), Adler assert that only a person with strong social interest can successfully solve all the problem of life he has. Prince Dastan loved his family so much, even though he have troubled in exonerate her brother, he still want to make a good time with his own family and support them.

f. Creative Self

Creative Self is responsible for the person’s life goal; it determines the method of striving for the goal and contributes to the development of social interest. Prince Dastan and Princess Tamina work together to protect the dagger, but first, they have to learn to trust each other. But his effort paid off, he was be a true prince and married to a beautiful princess.

23 D. Conclusion and Suggestion

1. Conclusion

After analyzing the movie from the structural elements and the individual psychological approach, the writer then concludes this research paper as follows. First, based on the structural analysis, it is clear that in this movie, the director, Mike Newell deliver a moral message that justice is more important than individual happiness. This movie tells the story of young street orphan, Dastan adopted by the Persian King Sharaman who admires the boy’s strength and courage. Mike adapted and built his movie by employing the right mise-en-scene and proper cinematography so that the movie formed a good unity. Second, based on the individual psychological analysis, it is evident that in this movie, Mike Newell illustrates a psychological phenomenon in which the major character. It is apparent that in this movie, Mikealso also criticized how the police is sometimes arrogant and reckless in implementing law enforcement.

2. Suggestion

Since Prince of Persia movie has not been researched yet by other researchers, the researcher suggests the other researchers to do an analysis of this movie with the other approaches such as Psychoanalytic approach to see the movie with another view. For example, the other researchers can analyze the mental condition of Prince Dastan in facing her problem. Finally the researcher expects that this research paper contributes to the reader references and positive input in literary world

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Asimov, Isaac. 1983. Psychology Today. New York: Randon House.

Atkinson, Rita L & Friends. 1983. Introduction to Psychology. United States of America: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.

Bordwell, David and Kristin Thompson. 1990. Film Art An Introduction. New York: Mc Graw-Hill, Inc.

Burger, Jerry. 1986. Personality Theory and Study. California: Wordsworth Betmont.

Corsini, Raymond. J. 1987. Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology. New York City: John Wiley H Jons.

Douglass, John S and Gleen P. Harnden. 1996. The Art of Technoque (An

Aesthetic Approach to Fil and Video Production). Boston: Alynn and

Bacon.

Feist, Jess. 1985. Theories of Pesonality. Canada: C 85 College Publishing. Hall, Calvin S. and Gardned Lindzey. 1985. Theories of Personalities. Canada:

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

VIRTUAL REFERENCES (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ThePrinceofPersia)