Uji Aktivitas Antidiare Ekstrak Etanol Sabut Pinang (Areca catechu L.) Terhadap Tikus
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIDIARE EKSTRAK ETANOL SABUT PINANG
(Areca catechu L.) TERHADAP TIKUS
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Pinang termasuk tanaman Palmae yang terdapat hampir di
seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Sabut pinang belum banyak dilakukan pengujian
secara ilmiah sebagai obat, tidak seperti daun dan biji pinang. Pektin dan
flavonoid yang terdapat pada sabut pinang dapat dijadikan sebagai obat antidiare.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan senyawa
kimia serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol sabut pinang, serta aktivitas antidiare
ekstrak etanol sabut pinang dibandingkan dengan loperamid HCl.
Metode: Ekstrak etanol sabut pinang diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan pelarut
etanol 80%. Filtrat dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator dan dikeringkan dengan
freeze dryer. Serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak dikarakterisasi dan diskrining
fitokimia, selanjutnya ekstrak diuji aktivitas antidiare menggunakan tikus yang
telah diinduksi oleum ricini. Tikus dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok yang masingmasing terdiri dari 5 ekor, tiap tikus diberikan dosis 25, 50, 75 dan 100 mg/kg bb
dengan pembanding loperamid HCl dosis 1 mg/kg bb.
Hasil: Hasil karakteristik serbuk simplisia diperoleh kadar air 5,31%, kadar sari
larut dalam air 9,95%, kadar sari larut dalam etanol 7,65%, kadar abu total 5,76%
dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 2,20%, sedangkan ekstrak etanol sabut pinang
diperoleh kadar air 9,31%, kadar abu total 5,15% dan kadar abu tidak larut asam
2,07%. Hasil skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol sabut pinang
diperoleh senyawa flavonoid, glikosida, dan pektin. Hasil uji aktivitas antidiare
ekstrak etanol sabut pinang diperoleh dosis 75 mg/kg bb memiliki aktivitas
antidiare yang sebanding dengan loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb, sedangkan dosis 25
dan 50 mg/kg bb memiliki aktivitas antidiare yang lemah dan dosis 100 mg/kg bb
memiliki aktivitas antidiare yang kuat dalam menekan diare.
Kesimpulan: Karakteristik serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol sabut pinang
memenuhi persyaratan, mengandung senyawa flavonoid, glikosida dan pektin,
serta ekstrak etanol sabut pinang memiliki aktivitas antidiare bila dibandingkan
dengan loperamid HCl.
Kata kunci: antidiare, ekstrak etanol sabut pinang, karakterisasi, skrining
fitokimia
vi
ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF
ARECA HUSK (Areca catechu L.) ON RATS
ABSTRACT
Background: Areca nut included Palmae plants that are almost in all parts of
Indonesia. Areca husks have not been scientifically tested as a drug, not like a leaf
and areca seeds. Pectin and flavonoids contained in the areca husks can be used as
antidiarrheal medication.
Objective: The objective of this research was to know the characteristics and
chemical compounds of simplex powder and ethanol extract of areca husk, and
antidiarrheal activity of ethanol extract of areca husk compared with loperamide
HCl.
Methods: The ethanol extract of areca husk was extracted by maceration with
80% ethanol. Filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporator and dried by freeze
dryer. Simplex powder and extracts were characterized and phytochemical
screened, then antidiarrheal activity of extracts was tested using rats that had been
induced with oleum ricini. Rats were divided into six group, each consisting of
five rats, each rat was given doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg bw compared with
loperamide HCl dose of 1 mg/kg bw.
Results: The results of the characteristics of simplex powder were showed that
5.31% water content, 9.95% water-soluble extract content, 7.65% ethanol-soluble
extract content, 5.76% total ash and 2.20% acid insoluble ash content, while
ethanol extract of areca husk were showed that 9.31% water content, 5.15% total
ash and 2.07% acid insoluble ash content. The result of phytochemical screening
obtained flavonoids, glycosides and pectin. The results of antidiarrheal activity
test of ethanol extract of areca husk obtained dose of 75 mg/kg bw has
antidiarrheal activity comparable with loperamide HCl dose of 1 mg/kg bw, while
doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg bw have antidiarrheal activity of weak and a dose of
100 mg/kg bw has strong antidiarrheal activity in reducing diarrhea.
Conclusion: The characteristics of simplex powder and extract ethanol of areca
husk satisfied the requirements, contains flavonoids, glycosides and pectin, and
extract ethanol of areca husk has antidiarrheal activity when compared with
loperamid HCl.
Keywords: antidiarrheal, ethanol extract of areca husk, characterization,
screening phytochemical
vii
(Areca catechu L.) TERHADAP TIKUS
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Pinang termasuk tanaman Palmae yang terdapat hampir di
seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Sabut pinang belum banyak dilakukan pengujian
secara ilmiah sebagai obat, tidak seperti daun dan biji pinang. Pektin dan
flavonoid yang terdapat pada sabut pinang dapat dijadikan sebagai obat antidiare.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan senyawa
kimia serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol sabut pinang, serta aktivitas antidiare
ekstrak etanol sabut pinang dibandingkan dengan loperamid HCl.
Metode: Ekstrak etanol sabut pinang diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan pelarut
etanol 80%. Filtrat dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator dan dikeringkan dengan
freeze dryer. Serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak dikarakterisasi dan diskrining
fitokimia, selanjutnya ekstrak diuji aktivitas antidiare menggunakan tikus yang
telah diinduksi oleum ricini. Tikus dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok yang masingmasing terdiri dari 5 ekor, tiap tikus diberikan dosis 25, 50, 75 dan 100 mg/kg bb
dengan pembanding loperamid HCl dosis 1 mg/kg bb.
Hasil: Hasil karakteristik serbuk simplisia diperoleh kadar air 5,31%, kadar sari
larut dalam air 9,95%, kadar sari larut dalam etanol 7,65%, kadar abu total 5,76%
dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 2,20%, sedangkan ekstrak etanol sabut pinang
diperoleh kadar air 9,31%, kadar abu total 5,15% dan kadar abu tidak larut asam
2,07%. Hasil skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol sabut pinang
diperoleh senyawa flavonoid, glikosida, dan pektin. Hasil uji aktivitas antidiare
ekstrak etanol sabut pinang diperoleh dosis 75 mg/kg bb memiliki aktivitas
antidiare yang sebanding dengan loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb, sedangkan dosis 25
dan 50 mg/kg bb memiliki aktivitas antidiare yang lemah dan dosis 100 mg/kg bb
memiliki aktivitas antidiare yang kuat dalam menekan diare.
Kesimpulan: Karakteristik serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol sabut pinang
memenuhi persyaratan, mengandung senyawa flavonoid, glikosida dan pektin,
serta ekstrak etanol sabut pinang memiliki aktivitas antidiare bila dibandingkan
dengan loperamid HCl.
Kata kunci: antidiare, ekstrak etanol sabut pinang, karakterisasi, skrining
fitokimia
vi
ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF
ARECA HUSK (Areca catechu L.) ON RATS
ABSTRACT
Background: Areca nut included Palmae plants that are almost in all parts of
Indonesia. Areca husks have not been scientifically tested as a drug, not like a leaf
and areca seeds. Pectin and flavonoids contained in the areca husks can be used as
antidiarrheal medication.
Objective: The objective of this research was to know the characteristics and
chemical compounds of simplex powder and ethanol extract of areca husk, and
antidiarrheal activity of ethanol extract of areca husk compared with loperamide
HCl.
Methods: The ethanol extract of areca husk was extracted by maceration with
80% ethanol. Filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporator and dried by freeze
dryer. Simplex powder and extracts were characterized and phytochemical
screened, then antidiarrheal activity of extracts was tested using rats that had been
induced with oleum ricini. Rats were divided into six group, each consisting of
five rats, each rat was given doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg bw compared with
loperamide HCl dose of 1 mg/kg bw.
Results: The results of the characteristics of simplex powder were showed that
5.31% water content, 9.95% water-soluble extract content, 7.65% ethanol-soluble
extract content, 5.76% total ash and 2.20% acid insoluble ash content, while
ethanol extract of areca husk were showed that 9.31% water content, 5.15% total
ash and 2.07% acid insoluble ash content. The result of phytochemical screening
obtained flavonoids, glycosides and pectin. The results of antidiarrheal activity
test of ethanol extract of areca husk obtained dose of 75 mg/kg bw has
antidiarrheal activity comparable with loperamide HCl dose of 1 mg/kg bw, while
doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg bw have antidiarrheal activity of weak and a dose of
100 mg/kg bw has strong antidiarrheal activity in reducing diarrhea.
Conclusion: The characteristics of simplex powder and extract ethanol of areca
husk satisfied the requirements, contains flavonoids, glycosides and pectin, and
extract ethanol of areca husk has antidiarrheal activity when compared with
loperamid HCl.
Keywords: antidiarrheal, ethanol extract of areca husk, characterization,
screening phytochemical
vii