Background of the Study

D. Definition of Terms

In order to avoid misinterpretation in understanding this study, there should be an explicit definition about two terms in this study which are motivation and cherish. Firstly, in defining motivation, Nevid in an article “What is Motivation ” claims that: Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social, and cognitive forces that activate behavior. The term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something Nevid, 2013. From the statement above, it means that motivation is the process that initiates person’s will and it can involves the biological, emotional and social behavior to do something. Secondly, the term that is used in this study is cherish. According to Henry in an article “Cherish in the Word”, the word cherish is defined in the following five definitions: first, to care for, be fond of or attached to, second, to love and care for somebody, thirth to value something highly, fourth to retain a memory or wish in the mind as a source of pleasure, fifth to cling fondly to a person or memory Henry, 2011. Based on the five definitions according to Henry, the definition that is suitable with the context of this study is to value something highly. Thus, this study aims to examine the motivation of both Augustus Waters and Hazel Grace to value their life so highly, despite having to undergo lots of obstacles, such as their life-threatening diseases. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In this chapter, theoretical review is divided into three parts. They are review of related studies, review of related theories and theoretical framework. In the review of related studies, the writer deals with some reviews from different writers and story . Yet, those reviews are still related to the writer’s study. Not only that, it also deals with the comments, information or criticisms that are related to the novel The Fault in Our Stars. The review of theories presents the theories that are used and related to the study. The last is the theoretical framework explains the contribution of the theories that are used in this study.

A. Review of Related Studies

The Fault in Our Stars is a young adult novel that is realistic fiction novel written by John Green. The novel was influenced by Esther Earl, a girl whom Green be friended with who died when she was 16 years old of thyroid cancer. This girl gives Green inspiration to finally write this novel and dedicate it for her. In this part, the writer takes some studies, which were conducted by another writer related to the concept of motivation. Naomi Pfefferman in an article “The Fault in Our Stars” Screenwriting Team Inspired by Personal Grief, in a journal jewishjournal.com, states that: It’s about young people trying to figure out their future and their place in the world. There’s a happy-sad undertone that is bittersweet, not bitter, which is sort of our sweet spot as writers. It’s Hazel and Gus dealing with practical, real-life issues, as best they can Pfefferman, 2014. From the statement above, it means that this novel The Fault in Our Stars tells the readers about young people’s life who are trying to reach their dreams and their future in life. The main characters, Hazel and Augustus are dealing with the problems that appear in their life. Both of them keep trying to deal with those problems and also keep their spirit as best as they can in order to figure out their future. This study is related to the writer’s study because the writer intends to discover something new by the theory of motivation. It means that this study is intended to find another reason of Hazel and Augustus in cherishing their life that is not the same as their intention to figure out their future. Another study is a thesis written by Esther Yulia Kurniawaty in her undergraduate thesis titled “James’ Motivation for Survival as seen in his Struggle Against Poverty in Marc Cerasini’s Cinderella Man”. Kurniawaty stated that: He is an example of husband and father who are responsible, loyal honest, persistent, confident, proud and courageous. Those characteristics are manifested in James behavior and it helps him struggle for survival against poverty. His care for family and his dignity of a boxer require him to work hard feed his family and win the Heavyweight Championship of the world Kurniawaty, 2013: xii. According to the quotation above, Kurniawaty emphasizes that the motivation of James’s struggle against poverty is because he wants to maintain his dignity as the one who takes care of his family. The other motivation is because James wants to maintain his characteristics as an ideal father and husband in his family. This study aims to develop the studies conducted by Kurniawaty because the writer analyzes the same concept of motivation, but in another story. The writer intends to analyze Augustus Waters and Hazel Grace’s motivation to fight against their illness in order to cherish their life, not to fight against poverty, or to maintain a character’s dignity. The other study is an undergraduate thesis written by Brilyan Nilam Pratiwi entitled “Wanderer’s Motivation to Live with Human in Stephenie Mieyer’s The Host”. Pratiwi said that: The writer finds out the reasons behind Wanderer’s motivation using Malsow’s hierarchy of needs that are influenced by her characteristics and her conflicts. Wanderer is motivated to live with humans to fulfill her psychological needs, safety needs, love or belongingness needs and esteem needs. Pratiwi, 2014: xii According to the quotation above, Pratiwi states that the Wanderer’s motivation to live with humans is because of certain necessities that she wants to fulfill which are psychological needs, safety, love, belongingness, and esteem. From the study of Pratiwi, it can be related to the writer ’s study because the writer develops the concept of motivation to discover Augustus Waters and Hazel Grace’s motivation to cherish their lives which are to fulfill satisfaction, happiness and love in their life. The other study is an article “The Fault in Our Stars” Screenwriting Team Inspired by Personal Grief in a journal jewishjournal.com written by Naomi Pfefferman. According to Neustadter in Pfefferman claims that: Somehow, all of us go through life forgetting the fact that we’re all terminal. But these characters are acutely aware that their time is precious, and they approach every decision from that angle, which is a unique and compelling one. What I think is amazing is that at the end of this story, Hazel and Gus have experienced this great love so that they can die knowing they’ve lived a full life Pfefferman, 2014. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI