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The word or in the sentence above is showing contrast function.
The difference is between drunken man contrasting with dying man. Another example of contrasting information function occurs in excerpt 32.
Excerpt 32 531515
His old schoolfellows went to New York now as often as he had done in his youth; but they went to consult doctors, to put children in
school, or to pay the bills of incorrigible sons. Willa Cather, 1929, page 15
The word or in the sentence above indicates contrast function,
contrasting new information with old information. After consulting to
doctor, differentiate about putting children in school or pay the bills of
incorrigible sons.
4.1.2.6 Illustrating Terms of Time
This function occurs when conjunction like formerly, then, in the end, etc.. This function appears in
“Double Birthday” short story with 5 data out of 67 data or 7.5 of the total. They are data 3492, 511435,
591722, 611829, and 631924.
Excerpt 33 511435
The next evening after dinner Albert left the house with a suitcase, the bag that used to make so many trips to New York in the opera season.
He stopped downstairs to ask Elsa to carry her sewing up and sit with his uncle for a while, then he took the street car across the Twenty-second
Street Bridge by the blazing steel mills. Willa Cather, 1929, page 14
From the sentence above, the word then makes the sentence clear
in terms of time. As the sentence describe Albert who busy doing his duty
after dinner and left his house. The word then here is following next after
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in order of Albert’s position. Another example of illustrating terms of time function occurs in excerpt 34.
Excerpt 34 591722
The Engelhardt boys were different, like people in a book or a play. All the young men in her set were scornful of girls until they wanted
one; then they grabbed her rather brutally, and it was over. Willa Cather, 1929, page 17
From the paragraph above, the word then makes the sentence is
clear in terms of time. It tells about Engelhardt boys have different
treatment to a woman, and explained it in detail. The word then here is
following next after in order of Engelhardt boys wanted one. Another example of illustrating terms of time function occurs in the next excerpt.
Excerpt 35 611829
Youll have all you want for once. Its a great occasion. Did you
shave carefully? Ill take my bath, and then you must be ready for me. Willa Cather, 1929, page 18
From the conversation above, the word then here means that
someone must be ready when the other already takes bath. The word then
here is following next after in order of command someone to ready.
4.1.2.7 Influencing and Limiting Verbs
The form of the verb in one sentence can limit the choice of the verb form in the next. This function occurs when the verb in one paragraph
is connected in one tense. This function appears in “Double Birthday”
short story with 4 data out of 67 data or 6 of the total. They are data 8220, 38104, 411025, and 491325.
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Excerpt 36 8220
Certainly, certainly. The Judge spoke up quickly and for the first time looked Albert squarely in the eye. Dont give him any of that bootleg
stuff. I can find something in my cellar. Come out to-morrow night after eight, with a gripsack of some sort. Very glad to help you out, Albert.
Glad the old fellow holds up so well. Thankee, Albert, as Engelhardt swung the heavy door open and held it for him to pass. Willa Cather,
1929, page 2
From the paragraph above, there are two different verb forms
because there are monologue and dialogue in this paragraph. First is
monologue, we can see that the verbs spoke, looked, and swung are all in
the simple past since the verbs refer to what activity that already done in
the past. The first verb spoke influences and limits the next verb in past
verb form.
Second is dialogue, we can see that the verbs give, find, come, help, and holds are all in simple present since the verbs refers to a
conversation between Albert and Judge Hammersley in “Double Birthday”
short story. The first verb give influences and limits the next verb in
present verb form. Another example of influencing and limiting verbs function can be found in excerpt 37.
Excerpt 37 38104
She came to lunch with them again and again, because she liked the boys, and she thought the house magnificent. The Doctor observed her
narrowly all the while. Clearly she had no ambition, no purpose; she sang to be agreeable. She was not very intelligent, but she had a kind of
personal warmth that, to his way of thinking, was much better than brains. He took her over to his office and poked and pounded her. When he had
finished his examination, he stood before the foolish, happy young thing and inclined his head in his peculiar fashion. Willa Cather, 1929, page
10
