Being Efficient Functions of Formal Links

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id From the paragraph above, the word his own is repeated in order to give stressing function. We can see that the stressing is about belonging to someone, that’s why the word his own is repeated. It helps the readerlistener keep on track. Another example of stressing points function occurs in the next excerpt. Excerpt 30 441123 Before my marriage, Doctor Engelhardt, you offered to take me to New York to a teacher, and lend me money to start on. Willa Cather, 1929, page 11 From the sentence above, the word to gives stressing function. The word to is repeated to gives stressing about what Doctor Engelhardt offer before marriage. It helps the readerlistener that Doctor Engelhardt’s offer is something important.

4.1.2.5 Contrasting Information

This function occurs when conjunction such as or, on the other hand, etc.. This function is about contrasting new information with old information. This function appears in “Double Birthday” short story with 5 data out of 67 data or 7.5 of the total. They are data 20338, 42119, 431112, 481314, and 531515. Excerpt 31 481314 He sat on that bench like a drunken man or like a dying man, muttering Heines words, Willa Cather, 1929, page 13 digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id The word or in the sentence above is showing contrast function. The difference is between drunken man contrasting with dying man. Another example of contrasting information function occurs in excerpt 32. Excerpt 32 531515 His old schoolfellows went to New York now as often as he had done in his youth; but they went to consult doctors, to put children in school, or to pay the bills of incorrigible sons. Willa Cather, 1929, page 15 The word or in the sentence above indicates contrast function, contrasting new information with old information. After consulting to doctor, differentiate about putting children in school or pay the bills of incorrigible sons.

4.1.2.6 Illustrating Terms of Time

This function occurs when conjunction like formerly, then, in the end, etc.. This function appears in “Double Birthday” short story with 5 data out of 67 data or 7.5 of the total. They are data 3492, 511435, 591722, 611829, and 631924. Excerpt 33 511435 The next evening after dinner Albert left the house with a suitcase, the bag that used to make so many trips to New York in the opera season. He stopped downstairs to ask Elsa to carry her sewing up and sit with his uncle for a while, then he took the street car across the Twenty-second Street Bridge by the blazing steel mills. Willa Cather, 1929, page 14 From the sentence above, the word then makes the sentence clear in terms of time. As the sentence describe Albert who busy doing his duty after dinner and left his house. The word then here is following next after