Type of Research RESEARCH METHOD

1. Conducting the Needs Analysis The first step of conducting this research was having the needs analysis. The purpose of this stage was to gather information from the students about their needs and interest. The information was about their opinion about writing, the materials they have used, the process of teaching and learning, the materials they want, and difficulties that may arise in learning writing. After that, they were used as the key in developing writing materials based on their needs. 2. Developing the Course Grid In this step, course grid was designed by the researcher. It would be based on the result of the needs analysis. Some topics which were selected by students based on their interest would be applied in writing materials. The materials presented in four steps, first, Building Knowledge of Field BKOF, Modeling of Text MOT, Joint Construction of Text JCOT, and the last Independent Construction of Text ICOT with the activities and tasks in each step. 3. Developing the First Draft of the Development Materials In this step, materials were developed by the researcher based on the course grid which had been developed. 4. Materials Evaluation Expert Judgment The first draft of the materials was evaluated by experts to check whether they were suitable with students’ needs or not. The experts were given a questionnaire as the guideline in evaluating the materials. The questionnaire was developed based on the Likert-Scale questionnaire with four point ranges. It consisted of appropriateness of the content, presentation, language and graphic. continued 5. Writing the Final Draft of the Materials After the first draft of the materials was evaluated by the expert, the next step was writing the final draft of the materials. The comments and suggestions from the expert were used to revise the first draft of the materials so that the researcher could get the final draft of the materials.

E. Data Collection Techniques and Instruments

The data of this research were collected through two sets of questionnaires. In collecting the data, it was done in two separated times. The first questionnaire was also known as the needs analysis. It was designed to gain information about students’ profile, needs, and interests in learning English. The organization of the first questionnaire is presented as follows. Table 2: Organization of the first questionnaire Aspects Item Number The Purpose of the Questions References Students’ Identities Part A to find out information about the students’ profile Hutchinson and Waters 1987: 63 Goal 1,2 To find out the learners’ goal in learning English Graves 2000: 104 Needs 3,4 To find out the students’ needs Hutchinson and Waters 1987: 58; Graves 2000: 103 Wants 9-11 To find out what the students want to be included in the materials Hutchinson and Waters 1987: 56 Lacks 20 to find out gap between students’ current proficiency and target proficiency Hutchinson and Waters 1987: 56 Input 7,8,18,19 To find the information about kinds of input that the students want Nunan 2004: 41- 42