Review of Relevant Studies

considered. Developing materials by using Genre-Based approach can be the solution because this approach deals with some types of texts that will provide writing exercises. In addition, the materials have to meet students’ needs and interest. It is expected that the materials will support the teaching and learning process and help the students develop their writing skills. There are some aspects that have to be considered in developing the materials. The first is conducting the needs analysis. In this step, data are collected by distributing questionnaires to the students to gain some information. The information is about their opinion about writing, the materials they have used, the process of teaching and learning, the materials they want, and difficulties. The developed materials will consist of three units with different topics. Each unit consists of tasks and activities which are sequenced from the easiest to the most difficult in order to reach the aim of the lesson. Then, the materials will be presented in four steps, first, Building Knowledge of Field BKOF, Modeling of Text MOT, Joint Construction of Text JCOT, and the last is Independent Construction of Text ICOT. In BKOF, an example of text is presented and followed by some questions related to the text. Then, MOT uses some texts to be analyzed about the characteristics of the texts, vocabularies to get deeper understanding of the texts. Next, the students are asked to work in pairs to make a draft of a text in JCOT. Not only making the draft, but also finishing the text is also done with their pairs. As the final step, ICOT, the students are asked to write a text to apply what they have learnt from the previous activities. Once the complete draft of the materials is ready, it needs to be evaluated. The evaluation of the materials is done by using expert judgment through a set of questionnaires. 30

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter outlines methods used in this research. It is organized into six subheadings: type of research; research setting; research subject; research procedure; data collection technique and instruments; data analysis technique.

A. Type of Research

This research was classified as Research and Development RD since the goal and result of the research was to develop a product i.e., a set of materials that could be used in the English teaching and learning process. In doing the research, there are several models purposed by experts. Borg and Gall 1983: 775 propose a series of steps that must be taken in this approach: research and information collection, plans, development a preliminary form of the product, preliminary field test, the main product revision, field test, operational product revision, operational field test, the final product revision, and dissemination and implementation. In addition, Jolly and Bollitho in Tomlinson 1998 suggest several stages starting from identification of needs for materials, exploration of needs, contextual realization of materials, pedagogical realization of materials, production of materials, students’ use of materials, and evaluation. Besides, Masuhara in Tomlinson 1998 mentions five steps namely the needs analysis, goals and objectives, syllabus design, methodology or materials, testing and evaluation.