30
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter outlines methods used in this research. It is organized into six subheadings: type of research; research setting; research subject; research
procedure; data collection technique and instruments; data analysis technique.
A. Type of Research
This research was classified as Research and Development RD since the goal and result of the research was to develop a product i.e., a set of
materials that could be used in the English teaching and learning process. In doing the research, there are several models purposed by experts. Borg and Gall
1983: 775 propose a series of steps that must be taken in this approach: research and information collection, plans, development a preliminary form of the product,
preliminary field test, the main product revision, field test, operational product revision, operational field test, the final product revision, and dissemination and
implementation. In addition, Jolly and Bollitho in Tomlinson 1998 suggest several stages
starting from identification of needs for materials, exploration of needs, contextual realization of materials, pedagogical realization of materials, production of
materials, students’ use of materials, and evaluation. Besides, Masuhara in Tomlinson 1998 mentions five steps namely the needs analysis, goals and
objectives, syllabus design, methodology or materials, testing and evaluation.
B. Research Setting
This research was conducted at SMA PIRI 1 Yogyakarta. It is located at Jalan Kemuning 14 Yogyakarta. Its building consists of three floors that have
different functions in each floor. The first floor is used for the teachers’ room,
hall, and administrative room. At the second floor, there are four classrooms for tenth and eleventh grades, a counselling room, and a compu
ters’ laboratory. Then, at the third floor, there are two classrooms for the twelfth grade, science
laboratories, social laboratories, and a library. Students in this school have many achievements that can be seen from the displayed trophies in the administrative
rooms. Then, the teaching of Islam is applied in this school. It is clearly shown from the uniform of female students and teachers that wear hijab. Besides, the
students and teachers do prayer together in the mosque. However, almost all of the students
in this school do not really pay attention to the school’s rules. It can be seen from the way they wear the uniform which is looked untidy. Then, they
do not pay attention to the teacher in the teaching and learning process. Besides, they do not bring some textbooks that will be used in the lesson.
C. Research Subjects
The research subjects were the tenth grade students of SMA PIRI 1 Yogyakarta. It consisted of 14 male and 9 female students.
The students’ ages were around 14 to 17 years old. The students have high motivation in learning
English as they stated that learning this subject was important.
D. Research Procedure
In this research, the materials development model used was the combination of the model proposes by Borg and Gall 1983: 775 and Masuhara in Tomlinson
1998. According to those models, materials development steps are modified and simplified as follows.
Figure 1: The research procedure
Conducting the Needs Analysis
Developing the Course Grid
Developing Materials First Draft of the Materials
Evaluating the Materials by the Expert
Writing the Final Draft of the Materials
1. Conducting the Needs Analysis The first step of conducting this research was having the needs analysis.
The purpose of this stage was to gather information from the students about their needs and interest. The information was about their opinion about writing, the
materials they have used, the process of teaching and learning, the materials they want, and difficulties that may arise in learning writing. After that, they were used
as the key in developing writing materials based on their needs. 2. Developing the Course Grid
In this step, course grid was designed by the researcher. It would be based on the result of the needs analysis. Some topics which were selected by students
based on their interest would be applied in writing materials. The materials presented in four steps, first, Building Knowledge of Field BKOF, Modeling of
Text MOT, Joint Construction of Text JCOT, and the last Independent Construction of Text ICOT with the activities and tasks in each step.
3. Developing the First Draft of the Development Materials In this step, materials were developed by the researcher based on the
course grid which had been developed. 4. Materials Evaluation Expert Judgment
The first draft of the materials was evaluated by experts to check whether they were
suitable with students’ needs or not. The experts were given a questionnaire as the guideline in evaluating the materials. The questionnaire was
developed based on the Likert-Scale questionnaire with four point ranges. It consisted of appropriateness of the content, presentation, language and graphic.
Kategori