Legislation Press safety and certification .1 Accident prevention
3.6.2 Legislation
Alo n gsid e legislat io n an d regu lat io n s d efin in g req u irem en t s im p o sed o n t ech n ical p ro d u ct s – su ch as t h e Germ an Pressu re Vessel an d Ap p li- an ce Safet y Act s – legislat io n h as also been ad o p t ed wh ich regu lat es cas- es o f h u m an in ju ry cau sed by t ech n ical eq u ip m en t . If t h e m ach in e m an u fact u rer ad h eres t o t h e t ech n o lo gical st an d ard s d efin ed by t h e so - called ch aract erist ic req u irem en t s, it m ay be assu m ed t h at h e will be exem p t fro m liabilit y. An accid en t t akin g p lace d esp it e t h ese p recau - t io n s is d efin ed as a “st at u t o ry accid en t ”, in wh ich case t h e co m p an ies p ro vid in g in d u st rial accid en t in su ran ce are resp o n sible fo r set t lin g an y fin an cial claim s arisin g as a resu lt o f t h e d am age. In Eu ro p e, t h ese ch aract erist ic req u irem en t s are d efin ed by t h e EC Mach in e Direct ive, t h e EMC elect ro m agn et ic co m p at ibilit y Direct ive an d t h e Direct ive Go vern in g Sim p le Pressu re Vessels. Pro d u ct liabilit y is also t reat ed o n a st an d ard ized basis in Eu ro p e t h ro u gh t h e EC Direct ive fo r Harm o n izat io n o f Pro d u ct Liabilit y Legislat io n . In t h e case o f p art icu larly d an gero u s m ach in es, st at e agen cies o r in st it u t io n s act in g o n beh alf o f st at e agen cies are co m m issio n ed t o ch eck an d cert ify eq u ip m en t p ro vid ed t h e t ech n ical req u irem en t s o f t h e eq u ip m en t h ave been co rrect ly im p lem en t ed . Fo reign t rad e in t ech - n ical p ro d u ct s is o bst ru ct ed t o a co n sid erable d egree by d ifferen ces o f o p in io n o n t h e best ways t o ach ieve safet y an d o n t h e t arget ed st an - d ard s o f safet y in t h e in d ivid u al co u n t ries. Mach in e m an u fact u rers o p erat in g o n a glo bal basis n eed t o st u d y t h e n u m ero u s d ifferen t safet y req u irem en t s an d st an d ard s in fo rce in each d ifferen t exp o rt m arket . Th u s, t h ey m u st beco m e fam iliar wit h t h e d ifferen t safet y p h ilo so p h ies, an d m u st u se lo cally ap p ro ved co m p o n en t s.3.6.3 European safety requirements
Parts
» Forming M ethods of forming and cutting technology .1 Summary
» Dividing M ethods of forming and cutting technology .1 Summary
» Combinations of processes in manufacturing
» Deformation and material flow
» Formability Basic terms .1 Flow condition and flow curve
» Units of measurement Basic terms .1 Flow condition and flow curve
» Press frame Press types and press construction
» Slide drive Press types and press construction
» Drive systems for deep draw ing presses
» Draw cushions Press types and press construction
» Clutch and brake M echanical presses .1 Determination of characteristic data
» Longitudinal and transverse shaft drive
» Gear drives Press crow n assembly
» Pneumatic system Hydraulic system
» Lubrication M echanical presses .1 Determination of characteristic data
» Hydraulic oil Hydraulic presses .1 Drive system
» Stroke limitation and damping Slide locking
» Die clamping devices Changing dies .1 Die handling
» Electrical components of presses Operating and visualization system
» Structure of electrical control systems
» Functional structure of the control system M ajor electronic control components
» Architecture and hardw are configuration Architecture of the PLC softw are
» Future outlook Press control systems .1 Functions of the control system
» Legislation Press safety and certification .1 Accident prevention
» European safety requirements Press safety and certification .1 Accident prevention
» CE marking Press safety and certification .1 Accident prevention
» M easures to be undertaken by the user
» Safety requirements in the USA
» Casting components for presses
» Die development Principles of die manufacture .1 Classification of dies
» Die materials Casting of dies
» Try-out equipment Principles of die manufacture .1 Classification of dies
» Transfer simulators Principles of die manufacture .1 Classification of dies
» M aterials for sheet metal forming
» Friction, w ear and lubrication during sheet metal forming
» Hydro-mechanical deep draw ing
» Active hydro-mechanical draw ing
» Coil lines 3c handbook metal forming
» Production lines for the manufacture of flat radiator plates
» Lines for side member manufacture
» Destackers and blank turnover stations
» Press lines Sheet metal forming lines .1 Universal presses
» Transfer presses for small and medium sized parts
» Large-panel tri-axis transfer presses
» Crossbar transfer presses Sheet metal forming lines .1 Universal presses
» Presses for plastics Sheet metal forming lines .1 Universal presses
» Stacking units for finished parts
» Control systems for large-panel transfer presses
» Blanking processes 3c handbook metal forming
» Blanking lines Shearing lines .1 Slitting lines
» High-speed blanking lines Shearing lines .1 Slitting lines
» Lines for the production of electric motor laminations
» Production and processing of tailored blanks
» Perforating presses Shearing lines .1 Slitting lines
» Control systems for blanking presses
» Fine blanking process Fine blanking
» Fine blanking materials, forces, quality characteristics and part variety
» Fine blanking tools Fine blanking
» Fine blanking presses and lines
» Roll forming and variety of sections
» Roller straightening Bending .1 Bending process
» Layout Organization of stamping plants .1 Design
» Quality assurance through quality control
» Types of hydroformed components
» Fields of application Process technology and example applications .1 Process technology
» Feasibility studies Component development .1 User-oriented project management
» Component design Component development .1 User-oriented project management
» M aterials and heat treatment
» Preforms and preparation M aterials and preforms for producing hydroformed components
» General Presses for hydroforming
» Technical and economic considerations
» General 3c handbook metal forming
» Workpiece properties Benefits of solid forming .1 Economic aspects
» M aterials M aterials, billet production and surface treatment
» Surface treatment M aterials, billet production and surface treatment
» The formed part Formed part and process plan
» Process plan Formed part and process plan
» Forw ard tube extrusion Backw ard cup extrusion and centering
» Reducing open die forw ard extrusion
» Ironing Upsetting Force and w ork requirement
» Loading station Part transfer
» Transfer study Part transfer
» Die closing systems multiple-action dies
» M echanical presses Presses used for solid forming .1 Choice of press
» Hydraulic presses Presses used for solid forming .1 Choice of press
» Supplementary equipment Presses used for solid forming .1 Choice of press
» Special features of hot and w arm forming lines
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