p resen t , bu t co m p rises an in d ex wh ich m akes referen ce t o t h e vario u s sect io n s by m ean s o f an id en t ificat io n n u m ber.
In th e case of a h azard an alysis, safety is m on itored over each p h ase of th e m ach in e’s life, from assem bly th rou gh to com m ission in g, u tiliza-
tion , rep air an d fin al scrap p in g. Protective m easu res m u st ap p ly eq u ally to m ach in e op erators, set-u p an d m ain ten an ce staff. Dep en d in g on th e
risk, safety m u st also be gu aran teed in case of m ach in e m alfu n ction s. As, for exam p le, th e failu re of a brake valve an d th u s th e u n ch ecked m ove-
m en t of th e slid e cou ld lead to seriou s in ju ry, d yn am ically m on itored p ress safety valves m u st be u sed u n less it is p ossible to p rovid e an eq u iv-
alen t d egree of safety by keep in g safety d evices closed . Th e m on itored valves are red u n d an t d ou ble valves an d , d ep en d in g on th e req u ire-
m en ts of th eir resp ective fu n ction s, th ey are self-m on itorin g. Th is m ean s th at d esp ite a brake valve failu re, th e “brakin g” fu n ction is still
p erform ed , accom p an ied by a m essage in d icatin g wh eth er th e two valves h ave op erated correctly or n ot. A p ositive “fu n ction OK” sign al is
u sed for self-m on itorin g of th e sign allin g m od u le cf. Sect. 3.5
. In an alysin g p o t en t ial h azard s, t h e m an u fact u rer m u st also co n sid er
“fo reseeable u n u su al sit u at io n s”, e. g. su rp rise sit u at io n s o f t h e t yp e p reviou sly m en tion ed . Th e op eratin g in stru ction s m u st accord in gly
in clu d e a statem en t on m ach in e u tilization in accord an ce with th e in ten d ed p u rp ose of th e m ach in e, an d also p roh ibit an y foreseeable cas-
es o f vio lat io n , fo r exam p le o p erat io n o f t h e p ress wh ile o bservers are lo cat ed beh in d t h e clo sed p ro t ect ive gear in o rd er t o o bserve t h e
m ach in e o p erat io n . In d icat io n s o f p o ssible vio lat io n o f o p erat in g regu - lat io n s are o ft en o n ly p o ssible aft er o bservat io n o f o p erat in g, set -u p
an d m ain t en an ce st aff. Th e resu lt s o f t h e h azard an alysis are reflect ed in t h e d esign o f p ro t ect ive gear, rem arks relat in g t o resid u al risk at t h e
m ach in e an d in t h e o p erat in g in st ru ct io n m an u al. Th u s, t h ey are m ad e kn o wn t o t h e m ach in e u ser.
3.6.5 M easures to be undertaken by the user
W h en p u rch asin g a m ach in e, t h e u ser m u st est ablish by m ean s o f a co n t ract u al agreem en t t h e id en t it y o f t h e m an u fact u rer as d efin ed by
t h e ECMD an d t h e p o sit io n wit h regard t o it em s o f eq u ip m en t p ro vid - ed by t h e u ser. W h en p u rch asin g m ach in es, wh et h er n ew o r u sed , fro m
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fo reign co u n t ries o u t sid e o f Eu ro p e, t h e u ser sh o u ld co n t ract u ally st ip - u lat e co m p lian ce wit h t h e cu rren t revisio n o f 89 EEC 392. Eu ro p ean
m an u fact u rers are req u ired in an y case t o co m p ly wit h t h is legal req u irem en t , m akin g a co n t ract u al p ro visio n t o t h is effect u n n ecessary.
W h en t h e u ser h im self p erfo rm s n o co n versio n wo rk o n t h e p ress, h e is o n ly req u ired t o be acq u ain t ed wit h t h e p ro vid ed o p erat in g in st ru c-
t io n s an d t h e accid en t p reven t io n regu lat io n s ap p licable fo r p ress o p er- at io n . In Germ an y, t h e fo llo win g accid en t p reven t io n regu lat io n s are
am o n g t h e m o st im p o rt an t in t h is co n t ext : – VBG 7n 5.1 fo r eccen t ric an d relat ed p resses,
– VBG 7n 5.2 fo r h yd rau lic p resses, – VBG 7n 5.3 fo r sp in d le p resses,
– VBG 5 fo r p o wer-d riven o p erat in g eq u ip m en t . Direct ive 89 655 EEC o n t h e p ro visio n o f eq u ip m en t o bliges t h e u ser t o
ret ro fit all m ach in es t o a d efin ed m in im u m st an d ard by Jan u ary 1, 1997. It is safe t o assu m e t h at u sers wh o co n vert ed t h eir m ach in es in
lin e wit h accid en t p reven t io n regu lat io n s valid u p u n t il Decem ber 31, 1993, will be u n affect ed by t h is ru lin g.
If th e u ser in ten d s to p erform h is own con version work on th e m ach in e, h e assu m es fu ll resp on sibility for h is action s. He m u st accord -
in gly be acq u ain ted with all th e valid d irectives, regu lation s an d stan - d ard s. Con version of an an n ex IV m ach in e, i. e. a p ress in ten d ed for m an -
u al feed in g an d u n load in g, req u ires n otification of th e testin g bod y wh ich p erform ed th e EC typ e test. Th e con version of an au tom atic
m ach in e for m an u al feed in g or u n load in g calls for EC typ e testin g u n less th e com p lete con stru ction h as been p erform ed in com p lian ce with th e C
stan d ard . Alth ou gh th e ECMD d oes n ot ap p ly to u sed m ach in ery, i. e. m ach in es com in g in to circu lation in th e EEC p rior to Decem ber 31,
1994. Th ese m ach in es d o n ot bear th e CE m ark an d d o con tain certain p rovision s wh ich are of im p ortan ce in th is con text. Used m ach in es from
foreign cou n tries ou tsid e Eu rop e m u st always bear th e CE m ark an d be accom p an ied by a con form ity d eclaration . Th e con version of u sed
m ach in es m u st be p erform ed with a view to th e h ealth an d safety req u irem en ts of an n ex I of th e ECMD. However, in case of m ajor m od ifi-
cation s, fu n ction al ch an ges or in creased p erform an ce, th e en tire m ach in e or p rod u cton lin e m u st be su bjected to a con form an ce ch eck by
th e con stru ction forem an , after wh ich it will receive th e CE m ark.
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3.6.6 Safety requirements in the USA
