Lubrication M echanical presses .1 Determination of characteristic data
3.2.11 Lubrication
Th e co m p lex lu bricat io n syst em s u sed t o su p p ly t h e lu bricat io n p o in t s in m ech an ical p resses are su bst an t ially sim p lified by u sin g valve blo cks cf. Fig. 3.3.4 . Th e syst em m o st co m m o n ly u sed h ere co n sist s o f p aral- lel-swit ch in g p ro gressive d ist ribu t o rs. Allo cat io n o f t h e req u ired q u an - t it y o f lu brican t is aid ed by vo lu m e co n t ro llers, d ivid ers an d sim ilar ele- m en t s. Th e flo w o f o il is m o n it o red at t h e d ist ribu t o r blo cks. To en su re o p t im u m o p erat in g co n d it io n s, a co n t ro l syst em regu lat es t h e t em p er- at u re o f t h e lu brican t wit h in a relat ively n arro w ban d wid t h by u sin g au xiliary h eat in g an d co o lin g fu n ct io n s. To gu aran t ee m axim u m o p erat in g safet y, co m p lex p ro d u ct io n in st al- lat io n s fo r m et al fo rm in g are always fit t ed wit h t win su p p ly u n it ele- m en t s su ch as p u m p s an d filt ers. If o n e p u m p fails, t h ere is n o n eed t o in t erru p t p ro d u ct io n , as t h e seco n d syst em cu t s in au t o m at ically. Main t en an ce o r exch an ge o f t h e d efect ive syst em d o es n o t resu lt in p ro d u ct io n st an d st ill, in creasin g u p t im e. Th e q u alit y o f t h e o il is safe- gu ard ed by su p p lem en t ary filt rat io n in t h e seco n d ary circu it , in creas- in g it s service life. In sm aller p resses, an d in p art icu lar by kn u ckle-jo in t p resses wit h bo t t o m d rive, cen t ral lu bricat io n syst em s wit h m u lt ip le-circu it geared p u m p s are u sed . Up t o 20 m ain lu bricat io n p o in t s are co n t in u o u sly su p p lied d irect ly by t h e gear st ages wit h a co n st an t su p p ly o f o il. Du rin g t h e sh o rt swivel m o vem en t s execu t ed by t h e t h ru st elem en t s an d jo in t s, a co n st an t flo w o f lu brican t is available even u n d er varyin g resist an ce levels in t h e in d ivid u al u ser an d su p p ly lin es. 72 Fundamentals of press design Metal Forming Handbook Schuler c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998 3 Fundamentals of press design 3.3 Hydraulic presses 3.3.1 Drive systemParts
» Forming M ethods of forming and cutting technology .1 Summary
» Dividing M ethods of forming and cutting technology .1 Summary
» Combinations of processes in manufacturing
» Deformation and material flow
» Formability Basic terms .1 Flow condition and flow curve
» Units of measurement Basic terms .1 Flow condition and flow curve
» Press frame Press types and press construction
» Slide drive Press types and press construction
» Drive systems for deep draw ing presses
» Draw cushions Press types and press construction
» Clutch and brake M echanical presses .1 Determination of characteristic data
» Longitudinal and transverse shaft drive
» Gear drives Press crow n assembly
» Pneumatic system Hydraulic system
» Lubrication M echanical presses .1 Determination of characteristic data
» Hydraulic oil Hydraulic presses .1 Drive system
» Stroke limitation and damping Slide locking
» Die clamping devices Changing dies .1 Die handling
» Electrical components of presses Operating and visualization system
» Structure of electrical control systems
» Functional structure of the control system M ajor electronic control components
» Architecture and hardw are configuration Architecture of the PLC softw are
» Future outlook Press control systems .1 Functions of the control system
» Legislation Press safety and certification .1 Accident prevention
» European safety requirements Press safety and certification .1 Accident prevention
» CE marking Press safety and certification .1 Accident prevention
» M easures to be undertaken by the user
» Safety requirements in the USA
» Casting components for presses
» Die development Principles of die manufacture .1 Classification of dies
» Die materials Casting of dies
» Try-out equipment Principles of die manufacture .1 Classification of dies
» Transfer simulators Principles of die manufacture .1 Classification of dies
» M aterials for sheet metal forming
» Friction, w ear and lubrication during sheet metal forming
» Hydro-mechanical deep draw ing
» Active hydro-mechanical draw ing
» Coil lines 3c handbook metal forming
» Production lines for the manufacture of flat radiator plates
» Lines for side member manufacture
» Destackers and blank turnover stations
» Press lines Sheet metal forming lines .1 Universal presses
» Transfer presses for small and medium sized parts
» Large-panel tri-axis transfer presses
» Crossbar transfer presses Sheet metal forming lines .1 Universal presses
» Presses for plastics Sheet metal forming lines .1 Universal presses
» Stacking units for finished parts
» Control systems for large-panel transfer presses
» Blanking processes 3c handbook metal forming
» Blanking lines Shearing lines .1 Slitting lines
» High-speed blanking lines Shearing lines .1 Slitting lines
» Lines for the production of electric motor laminations
» Production and processing of tailored blanks
» Perforating presses Shearing lines .1 Slitting lines
» Control systems for blanking presses
» Fine blanking process Fine blanking
» Fine blanking materials, forces, quality characteristics and part variety
» Fine blanking tools Fine blanking
» Fine blanking presses and lines
» Roll forming and variety of sections
» Roller straightening Bending .1 Bending process
» Layout Organization of stamping plants .1 Design
» Quality assurance through quality control
» Types of hydroformed components
» Fields of application Process technology and example applications .1 Process technology
» Feasibility studies Component development .1 User-oriented project management
» Component design Component development .1 User-oriented project management
» M aterials and heat treatment
» Preforms and preparation M aterials and preforms for producing hydroformed components
» General Presses for hydroforming
» Technical and economic considerations
» General 3c handbook metal forming
» Workpiece properties Benefits of solid forming .1 Economic aspects
» M aterials M aterials, billet production and surface treatment
» Surface treatment M aterials, billet production and surface treatment
» The formed part Formed part and process plan
» Process plan Formed part and process plan
» Forw ard tube extrusion Backw ard cup extrusion and centering
» Reducing open die forw ard extrusion
» Ironing Upsetting Force and w ork requirement
» Loading station Part transfer
» Transfer study Part transfer
» Die closing systems multiple-action dies
» M echanical presses Presses used for solid forming .1 Choice of press
» Hydraulic presses Presses used for solid forming .1 Choice of press
» Supplementary equipment Presses used for solid forming .1 Choice of press
» Special features of hot and w arm forming lines
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