2. Cohesion in Indonesia
Cohesion in Indonesia includes pronouns, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion. The pronominal cohesion devices are personal
and demonstrative pronoun the relationship is generally anaphoric in nature. The substitution cohesion devices comprise nominal and verbal substitutions. The
substituted constituents are usually in the form of words, whereas the substituting constituents are usually in the form of phrases. The type of conjunctions as
cohesion devices comprises coordinative and subordinate conjunctions and conjunctions between sentences. The type of lexical cohesion comprises repetition
synonymy, hyponymy, and collocation Suwandi, 2002: 229
2.1. Pronomina Pronouns
In Indonesian, there are only two pronouns exist: personal and demonstrative pronoun.
A. Personal Pronoun
Personal pronoun is pronoun pointing to persons, it can refers to speaker the first person, hearer the second, and the people whom they are talking about
the third. The first personal pronouns in Indonesia are
saya, aku, daku
.
Saya
is usually applied in a formal situation and pronounce long distance relationship
between the speaker and addressee.
Daku
is usually used in literary work and if the speaker wants to built a romantic situation.
Meanwhile,
aku
usually employed in non-formal situation and depicts intimate relationship between speaker-hearerwriter-reader.
Aku
has some
variations in its form; they are –
ku
, and
ku-.
They are usually used to construct possession. Bound morpheme
ku-
usually is attached to the next word, and the class word after
ku-
is usually verb.
Ku
also can stand independently in a poetic sentences conditions.
Example: a.
Buku
mu
akan kuletakkan dimeja. b.
Makanan
ku
hanya roti setiap hari. In Indonesia, the first plural pronouns are placed by
kami
and
kita. Kami
describes a conversation happens in which the speaker includes the other people the third person and ignoring the addressee.
Second singular personal pronoun consists of
engkau, anda, daku, kau
-, and
–
mu. Engkau
and
kamu
are usually applied by an older person to the younger whom he has known well for a long time and a person with higher status. For
example: a.
Dimana
engkau
membeli buku itu? b.
Apakah hasil rapat kemarin sudah
kamu
ketik?
Moeliono, 1988: 175
The third singular personal pronouns are
ia, dia, -nya
, and
beliau. Ia
and
dia
can be placed as subject or in front of the verbal word. As object, there are
dia
and –
nya
.
Beliau
is applied to respect the person they are talked about. The plural from of third personal pronoun is
mer eka
. Generally,
mer eka
only be used to mention human, animal, or something animate.
Example: a.
Dia Ia
setuju dengan pendapat
kami
. b.
Bu Mantik baru membeli empat buah buku.
Mer eka
ada di meja sekarang.
Moeliono, 1988: 176
B. Demonstrative Pronouns
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