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From the data above, it can be concluded that there are 53 students who got error in the change of quoted commands to infinitive clauses with the suitable
tenses. After that the writer would like to analyze the error of each item in the change of quoted commands to infinitive clauses with the suitable tenses. These
are the items related to the students’ error: First, the writer discussed about the change quoted commands to infinitive
clauses Get your backpack and lunch → to get his backpack and lunch, there
are 18 students or 4.8 who made error in item number 1. Second, the writer discussed about the change quoted commands to
infinitive clauses Dont make me late again. → not to make him late again,
there are 25 students or 6.7 who made error in item number 2 Third, the writer discussed about the change quoted commands to infinitive
clauses Hurry up → to hurry up, there are 20 students or 5.4 who made error
in item number 3. Fourth, the writer discussed about the change quoted commands to infinitive
clauses Leave me alone → to leave him alone, there are 12 students or
3.2who made error in item number 4. Fifth, the writer discussed about the change quoted commands to infinitive
clauses Walk alone → to walk alone. There are 13 students or 3.5 who
made error in item number 5 Sixth, the writer discussed about the change quoted commands to infinitive
clauses Be kind to your brother. → he should be kind to his brother. There are
29 students or 7.8who made error in item number 6. Seventh, the writer discussed about the change quoted commands to
infinitive clauses Please be ready on time every morning. → should be ready on
time every morning. There are 28students or 7.5 who made error in item number 7.
Eighth, the writer discussed about the change quoted commands to infinitive clauses Warn me ten minutes before you leave.
→ to warn him ten minutes before he left. There are 18 students or 4.8who made error in item number 8
Ninth, the writer discussed about the change quoted commands to infinitive
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clauses Set your alarm before you go to bed. → to set his alarm before he went
to bed. There are 20 students or 5.4 who made error in item number 9. Tenth, the writer discussed about the change quoted commands to infinitive
clauses Go ahead without me. → to go ahead without him. There are 15students
or 4.0who made error in item number 10. The total averages of frequency error made by students are 53students
who got error in the change quoted commands to infinitive clauses.
TABLE 4.3 Frequency of error made in the changes of pronoun
No Changes of Pronoun
Item Number
Frequency of Error
made Percentage
1 Your become my
1 12
3.2 2
me become her 2
12 3.2
3 Your become my
3 8
2.1 4
Your become my 4
7 1.8
5 me become him
5 9
2.4 6
Your become my 6
7 1.8
7 M y become her
7 20
5.4 8
me become him 8
10 2.7
9 Mr.ali become him
9 15
4.0 10
Me become her 10
13 3.5
Total 10
113 100
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To find out the average of total frequency error made by the students in change of pronouns, the writer uses formula:
P = F x 100 N X n
P = 113_ x 100 37 X 10
P = 113 x 100 370
P = 30 These are the items about the students’ error in the change of pronouns:
First, the writer discussed about the change of pronoun your become
my. There are 12 students or 3.2who made error in item number 1. There are 8 students or 2.1who made error in item number 3.There are 7 students
or 1.8 who made error in item number 4 and 7 students or 1.8 who made error in item number 6.
Second, the writer discussed about the change of pronoun me become her. There are 12 students or 3.2who made error in item number 2 and 13
students or 3.5who made error in item number 10.
Third, the writer discussed about the change of pronoun me become him. There are 9 students or 2.4who made error in item number 5 and 10
students or 2.7 who made error in item number 8.
Fourth, the writer discussed about the change of pronoun my become her. There are 20 students or 5.4 who made error in item number 7.
Fifth, the writer discussed about the change of pronoun Mr.ali become him. There are 15 students or 4.0who made error in item number 9.
The total averages of frequency error made by students are 30 students who got error in the change of pronoun.
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B. Data Analysis
After the writer did the research, she had the English test score, the frequency and percentage of students’ error in the change quoted commands to
infinitive clauses and pronouns of reported speech of imperative sentence. The writer would like to analyze
students’ error after she got the students test score. She processes the calculation of result of the test by
changing the result into percentage. Then to analyze students’ error in
changing quoted commands to infinitive clauses with the suitable tenses with observation, writing test and interview, as follows:
1. English Written Test
After the writer finished and analyze the data about the frequency of the error in the transform or change quoted commands to
infinitive clauses with the suitable tenses and pronouns in learning reported speech of imperative sentence, it can be concluded that in Part
A there are 53 students who got error in the change of quoted commands to infinitive clauses with the suitable tenses. In part B there
are 30 who got error in the changes of pronoun in transformation
2. Interview
To find the reasons why students got error in learning reported speech of imperative sentence, the writer did the interview.
She interviewed the English teacher of SMK Perwira and 4 students of class X AK-1. They consisted of 2 students who got low score and 2
students who got high score. In doing her interview, the writer proposed 5 questions related to the topic which must be answered clearly by
students and 8 questions for the teacher. After the writer finished got the data from interviewing some
students and a teacher, the writer found some reasons why students got error in learning reported speech of imperative sentence.
The error happened because many students were still confused to change quoted commands to infinitive clauses with the suitable
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tenses and pronouns, so the students difficult to answer correctly to change the speakers which are reported in the 1
st
and 2
nd
person turned into 3
rd
person. In other word, they still did errors changing quoted commands to-infinitive clauses and pronouns correctly into reported
speech of imperative sentence. 3.
The Types of Error There are some types of errors that the writer found in
observation. First intralingual error, these errors are common in the speech of second language learners, irrespective of their mother tongue.
There are some types of error as follows: Overgeneralization or system simplification his error is caused
by the misuse of words or grammatical rules. For example in part A no 1, Jack shouted Get your backpack and lunch
→ Jack told his brother to get his backpack and lunch
”. There are4.8 or 18 students who made error. Some of them answer with “Jack told his brother get
his backpack and lunch ” they miss to-infinitive and Jack told his
brother to get her backpack and lunch, they change wrong pronoun being “her, his, they…” but the correct answer is “him”. The same case
it happen in some numbers in part A such as: no 3,4,5 ,8,9,10. False analogy, misanalysis or learners form a wrong hypothesis.
For example in part A no 2, Jack said Dont make me late again. →
Jack told his brother not to make him late again. There are 6.7 or 25 students who made error, they were answer it with
“Jack told his
brother to not
make him late”. The same case it happen in some numbers such as: no 6 and 7. In case no 6 Jacks mother said, Be kind
to your brother. → Jacks mother said that he should be kind to his
brother. There are 29 students or 7.8 who made error. Some of students answer it with “Jacks mother said that he to be kind to his
brother .” They didn’t change the tenses and keep thinking is should be
always use to-infinity.
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Second, Internal and external factors are influenced the students’ error in learning direct and indirect speech of imperative sentence.
These errors appear because of fatigue, lack of attention, or lack of knowledge in learning direct and indirect speech of imperative
sentences. The students have worse mind sets or an opinion that they believe that grammar is difficult subject.
Third, language interference also leads to grammatical errors. Lack of attention causes in producing grammatical errors. The writer is
actually in the advanced level of learning English. However, there are some errors found while others are grammatically well-formed for the
same rule of grammar.
C. Data Interpretation
After classifying the items into area tested and analyzing the frequency of error in each item, the writer described the error into change quoted
commands to-infinitive clauses and pronouns in transformation direct speech into reported speech of imperative sentence in the percentage as follows:
TABLE 4.4 The frequency of error in each item
No. Error
Percentage
1. To change quoted commands to-
infinitive clauses with the suitable tenses
53
2. The changes of pronoun in
transformation
30
The table above shows that many students made error in the changing quoted commands to-infinitive clauses and pronouns. in part A, there are 53
who made error in the change quoted commands to-infinitive clauses with the suitable tenses in transformation direct speech into reported speech of
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imperative sentence, its means that 47 can answer it well.
FIGURE4.1
The changing quoted commands to-infinitive clauses with the suitable tenses Percentages
In part B, 30 who made error in the change of pronouns in the transformation direct and indirect of imperative sentences, it means that 70
can answer it well. And, it also shows that the range of their percentage is not too broad. However, the higher errors in learning reported speech of
imperative sentence are in the change quoted commands to-infinitive clauses with the suitable tenses and pronouns.
To change quoted commands to- infinitive clauses with the suitable
tenses
PrecentageCorrect Answer
Precentage wrong Answer
