Procedure of the Research

D. Procedure of the Research

Based on the model of action research by Kemmis and Taggart 1988, the procedure was conducted in several steps.

1. Reconnaissance

In this step, the students’ speaking skills were observed. It aimed to know what problems that the students had in learning speaking. The teaching and learning process conducted by the English teacher were observed. Interviews were also conducted with the English teacher and some students. Knowing the problems, the researcher considered the suitable actions that should be used to solve the problems.

2. Planning

After choosing the suitable actions that were used to solve the problems, the researcher designed course grids. Learning materials and lesson plans then were designed according to the course grids. Instruments of the research were prepared to collect data in the teaching and learning process. They were observation sheets, interviews guidelines, and a camera.

3. Action

The actions which had been prepared in the planning step were applied to the teaching and learning process in the class. The actions were explained in the lesson plans and were conducted until the improvement had been achieved. In doing the actions, the researcher was accompanied by the collaborator to support the process.

4. Observation

The process was observed during the action step in order to know the impact. In this step, the collaborators helped to observe the attitude of the students toward the actions by writing it down in field notes. Interviews with some students were conducted in order to get their feelings and opinions. An interview was also conducted with the teacher to get some advice about the action step.

5. Reflection

The reflection step was conducted after the teaching and learning process. In this step, the process of the implementation of the actions were evaluated. The researcher and the collaborator discussed whether the actions were successful or not. The discussion was also used to determine whether the actions should be continued or not.

E. Data Collection 1.