awards are expected to be able to motivate the team to continue to excel and also motivate other teams to be able to improve their performance.
4 Cooperative Learning Objectives
Basically, the main idea of the cooperative learning is that the students worki together to learn and to be responsible for their learning progress. Johnson
Johnson in Trianto 2013: 57 state that the main goal of cooperative learning is to maximize the students’ learning process in order to improve their academic
achievement and understanding, both individually and collaboratively. According to Slavin 2009: 33, the most important goal of cooperative learning is to give
learners the knowledge, concepts, skills, and understanding that they need in order to be a contributive member of the community.
Cooperative learning is a learning model that was made in order to improve the level of students’ activeness and participation, give students the chance to
interact with other students, learn along with students who have different backgrounds, and provide experiences regarding the attitudes of leadership and
decision-making.
b. Applying Numbered Heads Together
Numbered Heads Together or often referred as numbered heads or numbering was first developed by Spencer Kagan in 1993 to involve students more
in reviewing the materials covered in the lesson and check their understanding toward the contents of the lesson Trianto, 2013: 82. According to Kagan 1989,
NHT is a cooperative learning model that holds each student accountable for learning the material. Students are placed in groups and each person is given a
number from one to the maximum number in each group. The teacher poses a question or gives a task and students put their heads together to figure out the
answer. The teacher then calls a specific number to respond as spokesperson for the group. By having students work together in a group, this model ensures that each
member knows the answer to problems or questions asked by the teacher. Because no one knows which number is going to be called, all team members must be
prepared. NHT strategy indirectly trains students to actively participate, shares
information, listens and speaks carefully so that the students are more productive and active.
1 Steps of Numbered Heads Together
According to Trianto 2013:82-83 steps of Numbered Heads Together consist of: a
The teacher delivers about the material b
The teacher explains the rules c
Divide the class into groups of 2, 3 or 4 d
Each student is given a specific number e
The teacher gives some questions, tasks, or problems to the students f
Each group puts their heads together and shares their answers. They reach consensus on a group answer and discuss it. Each group makes sure that every
member knows the answer or knows how to solve the problem. g
Each group comes up with the answer and make sure that everyone in the group knows it.
h The teacher calls a number and the person with the corresponding number has to
answer the question. i
Evaluation and closing.
2 The Advantages of Using Numbered Heads Together
According to Trianto 2013, there are some advantages of using Numbered Heads Together strategy. They are:
a Positive Interdependence
The students are able to learn from each other. They must also work together to ensure there is one product to their learning. They must check that everyone can
understand and answer the question. b
Individual accountability Students are responsible to share their ideas each other. The student may
also be required to share their partner’s ideas to another pair or whole group. Every student must be able to give the group response to the question.
c Equal participation
Each student within the group has an equal opportunity to share. It is possible that one student tries to dominate. The teacher can check this does not
happen. d
Simultaneous interaction All of the students were actively engaged in purposeful speaking and
listening. e
Multilevel This kind of learning can be used in any kinds of level, but of course it has
to be adjusted with the material given.
B. Relevant Studies
There were already two relevant studies regarding the application of NHT strategy. They are Rahma Deni 2014
“Improving Students’ Speaking Ability
