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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents about research methodology of this study which consists of : place and time of the research, method and research design,
population and sample of research, technique of data collecting, instrument of the research and technique of data analysis.
A. Place and Time of the Research
The writer did her research at the second grade of students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Ciputat, Tangsel that is located at Jl. KH. Dewantara No.
38 Ciputat, Tangsel. SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Ciputat, Tangsel has twelve classes, four classes for first grade, four classes for second grade and four
classes for third grade. The research and the report was carried on March until finish. It was
begun by on Tuesday 25 of March until on Friday 04 of April and the later on Tuesday 08 of April and on Friday 11 of April she gave test about gerund, to
infinitive, and infinitive without to, interview and also gave questionnaires for them and report it was begun on October until December.
B. Method and Research Design
In this study the writer was used qualitative research method, in which the writer describes the errors made by the students of Second Grade of SMK
Muhammadiyah 1 Ciputat, Tangsel and the causes of why the students make errors in their test of Gerund, To Infinitive and Infinitive without To.
The design of this study is descriptive-evaluation in a form of qualitative
research about an error analysis on the students’ mastery on the use of gerund,
to infinitive and infinitive without to at the second grade of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Ciputat, Tangsel.
This study tries to evaluate objectively about teaching grammar especially gerund, to infinitive, and infinitive without to that called a qualitative research
because the writer uses numerical data which is analyzed statistically.
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This study is aimed at describing and analyzing about 1 error analysis the students’ mastery on the use of gerund, to infinitive and infinitive without to
and 2 the solution for their error on the use of gerund, to infinitive and infinitive without to.
C. The Population and Sample of The Research
In this research the writer took the population of the Second Grade Students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Ciputat, Tangsel, the number of the
Second Grade Students are 111 students which are divided into 4 classes, and the writer took 40 students of the population 10 students from each class as
the sample of the research in Office Administration , Shari’a Banking,
Accounting and Marketing Class.
D. Technique of Data Collecting
The writer used some techniques of data collecting, they are :
1. Test
The writer gave the test. The form of the tests are true false and complete. They are focused on gerund, to infinitive, and infinitive without
to. This test consists of 50 items of questions, including : gerund, to infinitive, and infinitive without to.
E. Instrument of the Research
In this research, the writer used three instruments. They are test, questionnaires and interview as research instruments to complete the
data. As instrument, she made test about gerund, to infinitive and infinitive without to. For the first, she gave written test that focused on
the subject matter being researched. The type of test is completing sentences and true false questions which consists of 50 items. This test
about gerund, to infinitive and infinitive without to arranged randomly. Tested area are gerund its consist of 26 questions in complete sentence
and true false form, to infinitive its consist of 21 questions in complete sentence and true false form, and infinitive without to its consist of 3
questions in complete sentence form.
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Test No
Grammar Area Item Number
Item Type
1 Gerund
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 21, 23 24, 25, 26,
28. 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 41,
42, 46, 47, 49. Complete
Sentences and True False
2 To Infinitive
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 22, 29, 30..
36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 45, 48, 50.
Complete Sentences and
True False
3 Infinitive without To
16, 19, 27. Complete
Sentences
F. Technique of Data Analysis
The data analysis is conducted by arranging the data obtained systematically. This is done to make easier for the researcher to write the report of research.
The data gained from test, questionnaires and interview dealing with the students’ error on the use of gerund, to infinitive, and infinitive without to and
the solution for their errors on the use of gerund, to infinitive, and infinitive without to.For classification of types errors proposed by Richard it consist of
omission, missformation, and addition. And for classification sources of errors also proposed by Richard it consist of overgeneralization, ignorance of rule
restriction, and incomplete application of rules a.
Percentage : The formula that purposed by Bluman in this study is :
P= Fx100 N
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