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- Gerund + object : arranging music
- The + gerund + of + subject : the arranging of music
5 Gerund as Subject
Example : Reporting the news is the job of television, radio,
magazines and newspaper. Notes : gerunds may replace nouns or pronouns as subjects, objects
or complements. 6
Gerund as Object of a Preposition
Example : Most newspapers are interested in reporting the news
accurately. 7
Gerund as Object of a Verb
Example : Reggie enjoys working for the evening paper.
Notes : in conversational English, nouns or object pronouns are sometimes used with gerunds instead possessives.
8 Gerund as Complement
Example : His job is researching stories.
Notes : in conversational English, nouns or object pronouns are sometimes used with gerunds instead possessives.
9 Gerund as Negative Gerund
Example : Many people complain about not getting accurate news.
Notes : not is used before the gerund to form the negative. 10
Gerund as Possessive with a Gerund
Example : Reggie’s His reporting is normally very accurate. Notes : formal : I don’t like John’s his saying that. Conversational
: I don’t like John him saying that.
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d. Verb Frequently of Gerund
Acknowledge She acknowledged receiving assistance. accuse of
He was accused of smuggling contraband goods. Admit
They admitted falsifying the data.
21
Werner. loc. cit.
21
Advise The author advises undertaking further study.
Anticipate He anticipates having trouble with his supervisor.
Appreciate I appreciated having a chance to read your draft.
Avoid He avoided answering my question.
Complete I finally completed writing my thesis.
Consider They will consider granting you money.
Defer She deferred writing her report.
Delay We delayed reporting the results until we were
sure.
Deny They denied copying the information.
Discuss They discussed running the experiments again.
Entail This review procedure entails repeating the test.
look after He will look after mailing the tickets.
insist on He insisted on proofreading the article again.
Involve This procedure involves testing each sample
twice.
Justify My results justify taking drastic action.
Mention The author mentions seeing this event.
plan on They had planned on attending the conference.
Postpone The committee has postponed writing the report.
Recall I cannot recall getting those results before.
Resent He resented spending so much time on the
project.
Recommend She recommends reading Marx.
Resist The writer resists giving any easy answers.
Risk She risks losing her viewing time.
Sanction They will not
sanction copying without
permission.
Suggest I suggest repeating the experiment.
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take care of He will take care of sending it to you. Tolerate
She cant tolerate waiting for results.
Notes : where a verb form is used after a preposition, it must be the gerund form.
9. The Definition, Forms, Functions and Verb Frequently of To
Infinitive a.
Definition of To Infinitive
Infinitive is a verbal which may be used in a variety of ways.
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Infinitive is verb forms that may be used in place of a noun or pronoun.
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b. Forms of Infinitive
An infinitive can be a to-infinitive or a bare infinitive without to. There is no difference in meaning between them; some structures
require a to-infinitive, while others call for a bare infinitive:
I ought to call them. to-infinitive I had better call them. bare infinitive
In the negative, not usually comes before the infinitive:
I ought not to call them. I had better not call them.
In some cases, the verb in the main clause is negative, not the infinitive:
I want to call them. I dont want to call them.
As the infinitive has no tense, it does not in itself indicate the time of the action that it refers to. However, it can have aspect, which shows
the temporal relationship between the action expressed by the infinitive and the time of the preceding verb. There are four types of infinitive,
each of which has an active and passive form:
22
Alice Hyde Hupp, The Mechanics of the Sentence USA: American Book Company, 1955, p. 215
23
Werner. loc. cit
23
Active Passive
Simple infinitive to write
to be written
Continuous infinitive
to be writing to be being written
Perfect infinitive
to have written to
have been
written
Perfect continuous
infinitive
to have been writing to have been being
written
Simple infinitive The simple infinitive refers to the same time as that of the preceding
verb:
I was glad to see her. He must be very happy.
Ill arrange a meeting with the manager. My sons football coach is said to be very strict.
Continuous infinitive The continuous infinitive refers to the same time as that of the
preceding verb and expresses an action in progress or happening over a period of time:
Im glad to be sitting here. You must be joking.
This time next week, Ill be lying on the beach in Croatia. Vincent was reported to be staying in Paris at that time.
Perfect infinitive The perfect infinitive refers to a time before that of the preceding
verb:
Im glad to have studied at that school. They must have forgotten about the deadline.
By next week, theyll have finished painting the rooms. Lucy was assumed to have left the day before.
