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A used instead of The : A sun becomes red
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And the other side, based on Richards’ statement about three types of errors, so he was explained and divided cause or source of errors in
learning English into three causes or sources of errors :
a. Overgeneralization
Overgeneralization generally involves the creation of on deviant structure in place of two regular structures.
It is the use of previously learned rules in new situation. For example :
Live – Liveing F –Living T
b. Ignorance of Rule Restriction
Ignorance of Rule Restrictions closely related to generalization of deviant structure is failure to observe the restrictions of existing
structures that is the application rules to context where the do not apply.
For example : Catch
– To Catch F – Catching T
c. Incomplete Application of Rule
Incomplete application of rules covers students or learners failure to apply rule completely.
For example : Swim
– Swiming F – Swimming T
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From the statement above, the writer was used Richards’
explanation as reference and guidance in analyzing learners’ error.
5. Definition of Error Analysis
Errors in foreign language teaching especially in English are the cases which are difficult enough to avoid. Many aspects that can cause the
learners of English as a foreign language make errors. these aspects are interference, overgeneralization, markers of transitional competence,
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http:puslit.petra.ac.idjournalsletters
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Richard, op. cit., p. 174-179.
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strategies of communication and assimilation and teacher-induced errors. as teacher of English as a foreign language, we should improve the way we
teach to reduce the errors which are always made by the learners. Further, it is necessary to state that although errors are bad things in
learning English as a foreign language, error analysis is advantageous for both learners and teachers. For learners, error analysis is needed to show
them in what aspect in grammar which is difficult for them, whereas for teachers, it is required to evaluated themselves weather they are successful
or not in teaching. Thus, error analysis should be neglected in foreign language teaching.
Richards stated that error analysis is the study of errors made by the second and foreign language learners.
Another concept of error analysis is given by Brown .
He defined error analysis as the process to observe, analyze, and classify the deviations of
the rules of the second language and then to reveal the system operated by learner.
It seems this concept is the same as the one proposed by Crystal error analysis is a technique for identifying, classifying and systemically
interpreting the unacceptable forms produced by someone learning a foreign language, using any of the principles and procedures provided by
linguistics. In learning process of foreign language, students use English as a
language in their daily activity of communication. Most of students are often difficult to understand or comprehend and always do many errors in
using English. According to Brown, “The fact that the learners do make error and that
these error can be observed, analyzed and classified to reveal something of the system operating within the learner, led to a surge of the study of
learners’ errors, called error analysis.”
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Douglas Brown, Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New York: Addision Wesley Longman Inc, 2000. p.218
