Non-fiction literature is basically used by the teacher to teach the students as the content materials, include reading activity. In reading activity, we find that the teacher
utilizes a textbook to teach any kind of texts which is appropriate based on their curriculum. The textbook itself is the non-fiction literature that contains several chapters of lesson. In
Senior High School, the teacher teaches informational text as a non-fiction literature to the students. But in fact, informational text is not the same as non-fiction. It is the type of non-
fiction which differs from other types of non-fiction in purpose, features and format. Informational text has a primary purpose to convey information about the natural or
social world, typically from someone presumed to know that information to someone presumed not to, with particular linguistic features such as headings and technical vocabulary
to facilitate accomplish that purpose Harvey, 2002:18. Informational text as the type of non- fiction literature is not the same as non-fiction narrative text as well because the distinct is on
the primary purpose which is to tell of an event or series of events that have occurred to the readers.
b. Fiction Text
Literary fiction is said to be the fiction of ideas with its primary purpose is to evoke thought Milhorn, 2006:2. The writer’s goal is self-expression to entertain the
readers of what the story contained. All fiction is a falsehood of sorts because it relates events that never actually happened to the characters who never existed, at
least not in the manner portrayed in the stories. Depending on the length, literary fiction can be classified as short stories, novels, novelettes and novellas. Fiction is a
creation of imaginary things, imaginary people, imaginary events, and imaginary places. As line with Milhorn 2006:3, to create a fictional world that seems real to
the readers, a good fiction story should use a minimum of six elements, as follows: Plot, story ad structure
Setting Characters
Point of view Prose
Theme and subject
In teaching and learning process, literary fiction is also used to teach English language, include reading activity. The literary fiction which used is narrative text. It
is one of example in fiction short stories which has meaningful information when acting out the story with dialogue and action in order to make the readers understand
of the characters or plot Milhorn, 2006:12. More details about narrative will be explained in the next point in this chapter. Thus, in this research the researcher
focused on the use of narrative text as the literary fiction to teach reading through Predict Locate Add Note Strategy.
2.6 Narrative Text
This research investigates the eleventh grade students’ reading comprehension achievement in narrative text only. A narrative text is a kind of text that should be
learnt by the eleventh grade students of senior high school in the odd and even semesters.
According to McWhorter 2001:106 narration is describing events by using time sequence. In addition, she said that narration is a pattern of thought which
consists of the act of following a sequence of action and event in a certain time. The generic structure of narrative text is orientation; complication; and resolution.
Orientation tells about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced. Complication tells about the development of the problem in the story.
Resolution tells about problem solving of the story. Besides, according to The National Strategies 2008:1, narrative is a central to children’s learning. It means by
using this text as a tool, the students can be able to organize their ideas and thought, as well as to explore new ideas and experiences they had before.
According to The National Strategies 2008:1, the types of narrative text can be fiction and non-fiction stories. And based on those fiction and non-fiction,
narrative is divided into 13 kinds of story. Each of them almost has different generic structures, purpose and language features. Those 13 kinds of narrative story are:
adventure, mystery, science fiction, fantasy, historical fiction, contemporary fiction,
stories which raise dilemmas, traditional tales, myths, legends, fairy tales, fables and dialogue, play scripts and film narrative as well.
But in senior high school lessons for reading especially, there are only five kinds of narrative text that are taught. They are fable, legend, myth, folktale and fairy
tales. 1.
Fable is a moral story, usually telling about animals and creating them
seem like human beings. The purpose sets out to teach the students a lesson they should learn about life because the writer drives towards the
closing moral statement. For example: There’s a will, there’s a way on the story of “The Mouse
deer and The Crocodile.”
2.
Legend is the story from the past which may not be based on fact. This
text is to provide information about the way particular people lived and what they believed. Legends also facilitate the students to reflect on our
own lives because they often deal with issues that are cross-cultural and relevant today.
For example: Kebo Kicak, The Legend of Jombang City 3.
Myth is a traditional story which is told by people from one generation to
the next. This story has a purpose to provide a fictional explanation for natural phenomena. May cultures use myths to explain the world and its
mysteries by handing down from one generation to the next. Myths can also pass on cultural, religious or spiritual beliefs and traditions.
For example: Nyi Roro Kidul, The Goddess of West Ocean 4.
Folktale is any belief or story passed on traditionally, especially one
considered to be false or based on superstition. For example: The Golden Cucumber
5.
Fairy tale is a children’s story about fairies, princesses, giant, etc.
Basically, the social function of narrative text is to amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways. Fairy tales are
found in most cultures and many derive from the oldest stories ever told. Some modern fairy tales could be included in the more recently
categorized genre of „fantasy’. For example: Cinderella
Furthermore, the narrative text has language features that have function to improve the students’ knowledge, they are:
1. Past tense: narrative text uses past tense to tell about past activities or
events. 2.
Sequence markers: first, then, after that, next, finally, in the end, etc. 3.
Adverb can express the information about time, place, reasons, and purpose, examples: once upon a time, one day, long time ago, as soon as,
day and night, etc. 4.
Adjectives: the use of adjectives sometimes stated both explicitly which presented from text directly and implicitly which presented from the
character’s statements and responds. 5.
Direct speech: It is to make the story lively. Snow White said, “My name is Snow
White”. The direct speech uses present tense. 6.
The use of action verbs: verbs that expressing some actions, such as take, pull, bring, walk, etc.
The National Strategies 2008:1-2
Here is the example of fable.
The Smartest Parrot
Once upon time, a man had a wonderful parrot. There was no other parrot like it. The parrot could say every word, except one word. The parrot
would not say the name of the place where it was born. The name of the place was Catano.
The man felt excited having the smartest parrot but he could not understand why the parrot would not say Catano. The man tried to teach the
bird to say Catano however the bird kept not saying the word.
At the first, the man was very nice to the bird but then he got very angry. “You stupid bird” pointed the man to the parrot. “Why can’t you say
the word? Say Catano Or I will kill you” the man said angrily. Although he tried hard to teach, the parrot would not say it. Then the man got so angry
and shouted to the bird over and over; “Say Catano or I’ll kill you”. The bird
kept not to say the word of Catano. One day, after he had been trying so many times to make the bird
say Catano, the man really got very angry. He could not bear it. He picked the parrot and threw it into the chicken house. There were four old chickens
for next dinner “You are as stupid as the chickens. Just stay with them” Said the man angrily. Then he continued to humble; “You know, I will cut the
chicken for my meal. Next it will be your turn, I will eat you too, stupid parrot”. After that he left the chicken house.
The next day, the man came back to the chicken house. He opened the door and was very surprised. He could not believe what he saw at the
chicken house. There were three death chickens on the floor. At the moment, the parrot was standing proudly and screaming at the last old chicken; “Say
Catano or I’ll kill you”. Taken from http:www.disukai.com201207kumpulan-contoh-
narrative-text-pendek-bahasa-inggris.html
The generic structure based on the text above:
Orientation : A man had a wonderful parrot which could not say the word
Catano with have no reason.
Complication
: One day, the man’s anger insisted him to put the parrot in the kitchen with the four chicken he had.
Resolution : Finally, when the man came back to the kitchen, he found
that his three chicken died on the floor and saw the parrot threaded the last chick
en to say Catano or I’ll kill you.
2.7 The Concept of PLAN Strategy Predict, Locate, Add, Note
