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Reading Comprehension REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses the theories related to the topic under study covering reading comprehension, reading comprehension achievement, aspects of reading skills, narrative text, the concept of PLAN Strategy, the procedure of teaching reading using PLAN Strategy, the advantages and the disadvantages of using PLAN Strategy in reading comprehension, the effect of PLAN Strategy on reading comprehension achievement and the research hypothesis.

2.1 Reading Comprehension

Reading is always related to the term “comprehension”. There are many definitions of reading comprehension proposed by some experts. Comprehension is the aim of reading activity. In reading comprehension, the students not only read the text but also they have to understand any single point what they read. According to Ness 2011:98, it is stated that comprehension is a process that involves memory, thinking abstractly, visualization and understanding vocabulary as well as knowing how properly decode the text. But if the readers have excellent decoding skills without understanding what they are reading, then they are just simply word reducing and not exactly reading. Furthermore, Westwood 2009:8 adds that reading comprehension is kind of an active process through which is influenced by factors such as word recognition, reading fluency, the students’ prior knowledge of the topic addressed in the text. In line with those experts’ idea, Hennings 1997:245 also states that reading comprehension means interacting and constructing meaning from the text. This means that the reader interacts with the text to construct meaning. In addition, Bos and Vaughn 2012:189 states that reading comprehension is a process of constructing meaning by integrating the information provided by the author and the reader’s background knowledge. 8 From the above statement, it can be inferred that reading comprehension is defined as an essential interaction between an author as sender and the reader as receiver, through the process of guessing and understanding the ideas and receiving the message from the reading text being read. After reading, the readers should understand the writer’s intention or important information presented in the text. In this reading comprehension deals w ith the students’ ability to understand reading text of finding general information and specific information both implicitly and explicitly stated.

2.2 Reading Comprehension Level

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