CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research methodology about the research methods which are used in this research. The research methods consist of research design, the
procedure of the research design, the operational definition of the key terms, research area, research participants, data collection method, a data analysis method. Each point
is presented clearly in the following parts.
3.1 Research Design
The design of this research was quasi experimental research with posttest only control group design. The design was chosen because in this research the samples
taken are two classes of four existing classes in the same level by cluster random sampling technique, and they were determined to be experimental group and control
group by lottery. Frankel and Wallen 2000:284 explain that the experimental group receives a treatment of some sort such as a new textbook or different method of
teaching in this case the application of PLAN strategy. On the contrary, the control group received no special treatment, it meant they are taught by using conventional
technique including lecturing and question and answer, thus in this case the application of 3P method Present, Practice and Product.
The two classes were chosen by considering the result of the eleventh grade students’ English reading score analysis in odd semester. It was analyzed by using
ANOVA formula. Then, after teaching the two groups with different techniques, the researcher administers the narrative text posttest to know the significance difference
of the students’ reading comprehension between the experimental group and the control group.
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The following diagram presents the design used in this research. Non-equivalent groups
posttest-only design: group treatment posttest
A X O B O
Notes: A : Experimental group
B : Control group X : Treatment
O : Posttest
McMillan, 1992:175 The procedures of the research design are as follows:
1. Collecting the students’ reading score of the eleventh grade in the odd semester
of 20152016 academic year from one English teacher. 2.
Analyzing the students’ score statistically by using ANOVA Analysis of Variance formula to know the homogeneity of the whole population. Based on
the analysis the population was homogeneous because F value was 0.260 and it was lower than the F
table
which was 2.6783. 3.
Determining the experimental and control groups randomly by considering the result of score analysis. The research respondents were determined by using
Cluster Random sampling. Thus, the researcher chose the two classes by using lottery. The experimental group was XI IIS 5 class, and the control group was
XI IIS 2 class. 4.
Consulting the lesson plans for meeting 1 and meeting 2 for both groups to the English teacher.
5. Administering try out test to know the reliability coefficient and the difficulty
index of the posttest items. So, the researcher analyzed the test by using Split- Half Odd Even Technique by Spearman-Brown Formula. The result showed that
the test was reliable since the reliability coefficient of the whole test was 0.801. Further, the researcher applied the formula comes from Heaton to know the
difficulty index of the test and the result showed that all the test items belonged
to fair items. Thus, the researcher did not need to revise the test items. The try out test was administered to a class which did not include the experimental and
the control group. 6.
Appling the treatment to the experimental group that is teaching reading by using PLAN strategy, while the control group is taught by the conventional
technique. The teaching learning process is given two meetings to each group. 7.
Constructing the test material and consulting it to the English teacher and research consultants.
8. Administering the posttest to the experimental group and the control group to
know the result of the treatment given. 9.
Analyzing the result of the post-test by using Independent Sample T-test formula to know whether or not there is a significant effect of Predict Locate
Add Note Strategy on the students’ narrative text reading comprehension achievement.
10. Drawing a conclusion based on the result of the data analysis to answer the
research problem.
3.2 Operational Definition of the Key Terms
Kategori