According to Vinay and Darbelnet, there are three procedures of Direct or Literal Translation; they are Borrowing, Calque, and Literal Translation. After analyzing
the data from three fable books, the writer only found one procedure in Literal Translation, it is literal translation procedure. While the two translation
procedures Borrowing and Calque doesn’t found in the data.
4.2.1.1 Literal Translation
These following tables show the data which is classified into literal translation where the text in source language is translated word for word into
target language by adopting target language structure and the SL transfer directly to the TL grammatical.
Table 4.2: Literal Translation No.
No. Data
SOURCE TEXT TARGET TEXT
1. I3
Little Humpty liked to play all day.
Unta Kecil senang bermain sepanjang hari.
2. I11
“Look at me jumping in the puddles
Come and jump, too, Big humpty”
“Lihatlah aku melompat-lompat di kubangan Ayo melompat
bersamaku, Ibu”
3. I32
In the morning, Big Humpty said, “Surprise, Little
Humpty Di pagi hari, Ibu Unta berkata,
“Kejutan, Unta Kecil
4. I35
“What will we see there, Big
Humpty?” “Apakah yang akan kita lihat
disana, Ibu?”
5. I37
As they began the long, hot walk, Little Humpty said, “I
think we’ll see hippos .
Ketika mereka memulai perjalanan panjang dan panas,
Unta Kecil berkata, “Aku pikir kita akan melihat kuda nil.
6. I43
Little humpty said,” I think we’ll see elephants.
Unta kecil berkata, ” Aku pikir kita akan melihat gajah
7. I49
Little Humpty said,” I think we’ll see
Crocodiles. Unta Kecil berkata, “Aku pikir kita
akan melihat buaya 8.
II11 ‘I don’t want to go,’
said
Lucy Goosey. Aku tidak ingin pergi,” seru Lusi.
9. II12
The time had come for all the geese-Lucy Goosey, her
mother, her cousins, her aunties and her uncles-to fly
away to another country. Waktunya telah tiba bagi semua
angsa – Lusi, ibunya, sepupunya, bibi dan pamannya-
untuk terbang ke tempat lain.
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10. II15
I’m not going’ she said.
“Aku tidak akan pergi” seru Lusi.
11. II19
‘Don’t care, don’t care, don’t care’.
“Aku tak peduli, tak peduli, tak peduli”
12. II20
Lucy Goosey crept into the bushes, dark as caves.
Lusi menyelinap ke dalam semak yang segelap gua.
13. II21
She hid among twigs and leaves.
Lusi bersembunyi diantara
ranting-ranting dan dedaunan.
14. II22
She tucked her head under her wing, so she couldn’t
hear or see a thing. Lusi menekuk kepalanya di bawah
sayapnya hingga ia tidak dapat mendengar atau melihat apa pun.
15 II27
All the geese-even her mother-had gone.
Semua angasa-bahkan ibunya- telah pergi.
16 II29
Then she huddled in the reeds
, listening to leaves rustling, twigs cracking, things
slithering.
Kemudian, ia meringkuk di rerumputan, mendengarkan
gemerisik dedaunan, ranting- ranting yang patah, dan suara-suara
lain.
17 II30
‘Mum?’ she whispered. ‘
Ibu?’ bisik Lusi.
18 II32
Lucy Goosey, my dear, where are you?
Lusi, anakku, dimana kamu?.
19 II33
“Mum” said Lucy Goosey. “Ibu” seru Lusi.
20 II34
And she sped out of the reeds faster than a flying fish
.
Ia meluncur keluar dari rerumputan lebih cepat daripada
ikan terbang
21 II41
If that happens, I will search every
tree top until I find you’
“jika hal itu terjadi, Ibu akan mencarimu di setiap pucuk pohon
himgga menemukanmu.”
22 II45
Always,’ said her mother.
“Selalu,” jawab Ibu.
23 II50
If that happens,’ said Lucy Goosey, ‘I will look
everywhere-in the sky, on the land, in the sea-
until I find you.’
“jika Ibu tersesat, aku akan mencarimu di manapun-di langit,
di daratan, di lautan-hingga aku menemukan Ibu kembali.”
24 II52
‘Are you ready to go now?’ apakah kamu siap untuk pergi
sekarang?” 25
II53 ‘Ready’ said Lucy Goosey.
“siap” seru Lusi.
26 III4
Through the squelchy, squelchy mud
waddled Baby Hippo.
Kuda nil kecil melangkah melewati lumpur pekat.
27 III8
Up the mossy, mossy bank waddled Baby Hippo.
Kuda nil kecil mendaki tepi sungai berlumut.
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28 III12
Under the leafy, leafy tress waddled Baby Hippo.
Kuda nil kecil terus melangkah melewati pepohonan lebat.
29 III15
He suddenly remembered something he’d forgotten to
do.
Ia tiba-tiba teringat suatu hal yang lupa dilakukannya
30 III16
Baby Hippo hurried back under the leafy, leafy trees,
through the long, long grass, down the mossy, mossy bank,
around the bumby, bumpy rocks, through the squelchy,
squelchy mud
, to find his mum.
Kuda nil kecil berlari melewati pepohonan yang lebat, melintasi
rerumputan tinggi, menuruni tepi sungai berlumut
, melalui bebatuan yang bergelombang, menyusuri
Lumpur pekat
, untuk bertemu ibunya.
31 III17
But he couldn’t see his mum anywhere
Namun, ia tidak bisa menemukan ibunya di mana pun.
From the 4.2 table above, the writer found that literal translation is a procedure that transferring word for word and it is the direct transfer of SL text
into a grammatically and idiomatically appropriate TL text. This translation has not needed to make any changes other than the obvious one. This procedure is
most commonly found in translations between closely related language and especially those having a similar culture. Literal or word for word translation may
occur when there is a similarity of structure between two languages, for example Bahasa Indonesia and English where Bahasa Indonesia has SPOK structure and
same with English structure has SPOK, so this word for word translation is happened and directly approved in the TL.
Examples: 1
I’m not going II15 →
aku tidak akan pergi The SL is translated word for word into the TL and it is appopriete in the
TL structure 2
Squelchy mud III4 →
lumpur pekat
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The SL transfer directly to the TL grammatical. So the phrase ”squelchy mud’ has structure Adj + Noun in the SL becomes ’lumpur pekat’ has
structure Noun +Adj in TL. Other examples of Literal Translationcan can be seeing in the table above. From
the table above, the writer found that there are 31 cases of Literal Translation with the percentage below:
fN x 100 With: f = the frequency
N= total of frequency LT= literal translation
Percentage of LT = fN x 100
= 31163 x 100 LT
= 19, 02 4.2.2 Oblique Translation
Oblique translation procedures are used when the structural or conceptual elements of the source language cannot be directly translated without altering
meaning or upsetting the grammatical and stylistics elements of the target language.
Vinay and Darbelnet in Venuti 2000:84 says that: “…because of structural or metalinguistic differences, certain stylistic
effects cannot be transposed into the TL without upsetting the syntactic order, or even the lexis. In this case it is understood that more complex
methods have to be used which at first may look unusual but which nevertheless can permit translator a strict control over the reability of their
work…”
According to them there are four procedures of Oblique, they are Transposition, Modulation, Equivalence, and Adaptation.
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4.2.2.1 Transposition
