Denzin in Berg 2001:5 outlines these four categories included in triangulation:
1 Data triangulation has three suttypes: a time, b space, and c person. Person analysis, in turn, has three levels: a aggregate, b interactive, and c
collectivity.2 Investigator triangulation consists of using multiple rather than single observers of the same objects. 3 Theory triangulation consists of
using multiple rather than simple perspectives in relation to the same set of objects.4Methodological triangulation can entail within-method
triangulation and between-method triangulation
In this case, the researcher applied two kinds of triangulations. They were investigator and theory of triangulation. The investigator triangulation is
characterized by the different observers or interviewers making balance out the subjective‘s influences to individuals. Thus, the researcher asked her thesis
advisors, Titik Sudartinah, M.A., and Nandy Intan Kurnia, M.Hum., to make this research credible. Additionally, the researcher made peer review with the students
who were majoring in linguistics. They were Fitria Nur Kiswandari, Kristiana Tri Wahyuni, and Maya Permata Sari to strengthen the validity of the data of the
research. Meanwhile, the theory triangulation was checked by observing the data and the theories used in this research.
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CHAPTER IV FINDINGS DISCUSSION
This chapter consists of two parts: findings and discussion. The first part shows the findings of the analysis on Mary’s abnormal languages influenced by
schizophrenia. In addition, the findings are in the forms of two tables that include numbers as well as percentages of the analyzed phenomenon. To read such
findings, the researcher also gives descriptions in a brief explanation. The second part presents deeper discussions about the abnormalities of language and
behaviours by presenting some examples of the phenomenon occurring in Canvas movie.
A. Findings
Schizophrenia is a mental illness disrupting thought, speech, and behaviour. These disturbances are caused by hallucination and delusion that
become the main symptoms of schizophrenia. Besides, this illness makes disorganized speech for the sufferer and then, it affects his or her behaviours.
Thus, the objectives of this research are to describe the language abnormalities and explain the accompanying behaviours experienced by a schizophrenic in
Canvas movie. The data of the phenomenon were presented in these findings. The findings are divided into two parts. The first part is the findings of
schizophrenic language abnormalities experienced by Mary in Canvas movie. The second part presents the accompanying behaviours acted by a schizophrenic
character. .
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1. The findings of language abnormalities experienced by a schizophrenic in
Canvas movie
According to Liddle et al. 2000:326, there are eight types of language abnormalities. They are poverty of speech, weakening of goal, looseness, peculiar
use of word, peculiar sentence, non-logical reasoning peculiar logic, perseveration of ideas, and distractibility. Based on those types, Mary only
experiences five types of them. They are perseveration of ideas, non-logical reasoning peculiar logic, looseness, weakening of goal, and poverty of speech.
Meanwhile, the other three items, such as peculiar use of word, peculiar sentence, and distractibility do not occur in Mary’s utterances. However, all of the language
abnormalities can be seen as evidences that Mary really suffers from schizophrenia. This phenomenon will be seen clearly in the occurrences. Thus, the
first table below presents the findings of Mary’s utterances reflecting the schizophrenic language abnormalities in Canvas movie.
Table 3. Data Findings of Schizophrenic Language abnormalities experienced by a schizophrenic in Canvas movie
No Language abnormalities
Frequency Percentage
1
Poverty of speech 1
1.85
2
Weakening of goal 3
5 .55
3
Looseness 12
22.22
4
Peculiar use of word
5
Peculiar sentence
6
Non-logical reasoning peculiar logic 13
24.08
7
Perseveration 25
46.30
8 Distractibility
Total 54
100
After analyzing all the data herself and rechecking through peer discussion, finally, the researcher has got the fixed data to be analyzed. There are
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54 occurrences in the data of language abnormalities. In fact, the first table shows that Mary only experiences five of them, i.e. perseveration, non-logical reasoning
peculiar logic, looseness, weakening of goal, and poverty of speech which has its own percentage each other.
The first most-often appearing phenomenon is perseveration. It occurs 25 times from the total of 54 occurrence. In other words, from the total 100 , its
percentage is 46.30 . Following perseveration, as the second most-often appearing phenomenon, there is non logical reasoning peculiar logic. It occurs
13 times with the percentage of 24.08 . After that, there is looseness which appears 12 times and its percentage is 22.22 out of the total 100 . The next
rank is weakening of goal which appears 3 times with the percentage of 5.55 . Finally, the last rank is poverty of speech. It only happens once. This way, its
percentage is 1.85 which becomes the smallest occurrence of the phenomenon. Perseveration gets the highest occurrence of all items since a
schizophrenic has a disorganized thought influencing her words’ production. It occurs when Mary as a schizophrenic character repeats the same word, phrase,
and sentence continuously. Besides, her speech is also uncontrollable in delivering sufficient information. Thus, the occurrence of perseveration is easier to be
recognized as the language abnormalities than the others. Meanwhile, Mary often triggers her thoughts which are caused by
hallucination and delusion. She often experiences false belief which makes her difficult to justify the situation surround her. In fact, she has an illogical thinking
disrupting her normal thought. That is why, the occurrence of peculiar logic is
