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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research
This research used psycholinguistics as an approach which is concerned on the relationship between language and mind. As stated by Warren 2013: 20,
psycholinguistics is the study of mental processes including the production, comprehension, and storage of spoken and written language. The mental
processes shows that the language is used to convey information and what people think in their minds which are the prominent of thinking and production of
utterances. Sometimes, people do not always have a good condition of mind. They may have problems in their mind, so there is a high possibility that those people
suffer from mental illness as the result of the dysfunction of mind. In fact, this approach requires a discussion of the research problems dealing with the mental
ilness and language of the schizophrenic. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method. According to
Berg 2001:3, a qualitative research refers to meanings, concepts, definitions, characteristics, and descriptions of things. This statement is also supported by
McMilan in Wiersma and Jurs, 2009:13 who states that a qualitative research occurs in natural situations. It means that there will be no manipulation of the
data. Thus, this method needs more explanation focusing on the descriptions of the phenomena which occurs naturally that may mantain an openness about what
will be observed and collected. In this case, the qualitative method is used to
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describe the phenomenon of schizophrenia influencing speech or utterances and its accompanying behaviour of the sufferer.
Using a descriptive analysis, the researcher conducted a deductive process reasoning from the generalization to the specific information or it is called
as bottom-up process. In fact, this research commenced with the theories and ended in conlusion which followed logically based on the available facts theory-
hyphotesis-observation-information. In this case, the researcher began with some theories about schizophrenia, including the abnormalities in speech and
behaviour. Then, the data collected were made in a general conclusion based on the theories of schizophrenia and the phenomena of schizophrenia in human’s life.
It was done for the purpose of understanding social phenomena relied heavily on the narrative description.
B. Data and Source of Data
An analysis in a qualitative research must have an accurate description and interpretation of the phenomenon. The description is elaborated by the data of
the research. As stated by Wiersma and Jurs 2009: 237, data consist of categorized information. In this research, the data were taken from the dialogues
of Canvas movie. Hence, the data were described in the form of utterances
reflecting the speech abnormalities of a schizophrenic.
Having the language impairments, a person with schizophrenia behaves unusually which never occurs in a normal person. As shown in Canvas movie, the
main character got the disturbances in expressing her feeling and thought. The disturbances influenced her utterances and behaviour because she suffered from a
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mental illness reflecting hallucination and delusion. Meanwhile, the abnormal behaviour of the sufferer which can be seen as a sign of this illness was
represented in the data of this research. The source of data of this research was a movie script which was taken
from httpwww.rottentomatoes.commthecanvas and it was cited on 31 May 2013. The researcher used the script to collect the data and take a note about the
speech abnormalities. According Kowal and Connell in Flick, Kardoff, and Steinke, 2004 :248, transcription is defined as the graphic representation of any
individuals behaviour in conversation. Therefore, the script is needed to represent a conversational behaviour between the main character and the other characters in
each scene. It may help to make visible characteristics for a complete conversation.
C. Research Instruments
This research involved two instruments classified as the main and secondary instrument. The main instrument was the researcher herself without the
intervention of others. As stated by Bogdan and Biklen in Wiersma and Jurs, 2009 :236, the researchers should keep written accounts of their own thoughts
about what they have collected from the data. In addition, a qualitative research includes the researcher as the core instrument, wherein the researcher’s use of a
self is a primary tool for data collection. As a result, the existence of the researcher influences the findings. In this research, the secondary instrument was
in the form of the data sheet. There were two kinds of data sheets, the first data
Kategori