Mental Lexicon Theoretical Review

21 As stated by Thompson 2007:44, American psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM IV states that there are six types of mental disorders. Those types are: 1 Anxiety Disorder. The main symptom of this disorder is an intense anxiety. This category includes generalized anxiety and panic disorder, phobias, obsessive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. 2 Somatoform Disorder. This disorder involves physical symptoms, such as paralysis or sensory loss that are psychological in origin. This category includes hypochondriacs and conversion disorder which is formerly known as hysteria. 3 Dissociate Disorder. This disorder disrupts the memories in the brain. Therefore, someone with dissociate disorder may lose his or her memories of life. The examples of this category are amnesia and dissociative identity disorder. 4 Mood Disorder. This disorder is shown by severe mood disturbances, such as major depression, mania, or an alternating pattern 5 Schizophrenic Disorder. This disorder is a psychotic disorder which can be characterized by a loss of contact with reality, hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought and affect, and bizarre behaviour. 6 Personality Disorder. It is a long-term, inflexible, maladaptive patterns of behaviour. The examples of this category are the borderline and antisocial personality disorder. 22

7. Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a complex mental illness that can be devastating if it is compared to the other brain disorders. This is in line with Veague et al. 2007:1 who state that schizophrenia belongs to a psychotic disorder disrupting thoughts, speech, and behaviours. Thus, a person with schizophrenia has disorganized in his or her way of thinking which influences his or her behaviour. For example, someone with schizophrenia might dress inappropriately without considering the weather condition. This person might also mumble to himself or herself. According to Andreasen 2001:195, Euglen Bleuler is the one who gives the name of this mental disorder. He chooses this term since the features of this disorder are the inability to think clearly and link together in the process of thought and speech. Thompson 2007:33 says that schizophrenia can affect severe condition in an individual’s life, such as difficulty in managing money, self-injury, impaired learning or memory, and disapproval in everything he or she dislike. In this case, the sufferer with schizophrenia will have episodes of acute psychotic symptoms, especially having the disturbances in mood, thinking, and behaviour. The psychotic symptoms may affect the sufferer in losing contact with the reality. Thompson 2007:33 explains further that the psychotic symptoms are primarily characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thought patterns. These explanations are as follows. Hallucinations means that things seen, heard, and felt are not actually received. The person with hallucination may hear voices that are not there. Even,