2.2 Theoretical Framework
The analysis explains some theories to answer the problems proposed in the problem formulation. They are critical approaches to literature, theory of
character and characterization, theory of intrinsic motivation and social motives, attachment theory and also concept of love.
First, the theory of critical approaches to literature and theory of character and characterization are used to find out the answer of the first problem
formulation, which is to reveal the characters of Shimamura as the main character of the novel. The theory of critical approach proposed by Rohrberger
and Woods is used in order to help analyzing the main character so that the answer of the first problem formulation is able to be found. The theory of
character and characterization proposed by Murphy which is presenting nine ways in knowing the character in a story is also used to get deeper understanding
on the character. The theory of intrinsic motivation and social motives by David
McClelland, attachment theory by John Bowlby, and concept of love by Robert Stenberg are used in the study in order to find out the second formulation about
the motivation of the main character, Shimamura, to have a love relationship with a geisha, Komako.
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CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of three main parts namely, Object of the Study, Approach of the Study and Method of the Study. Object of the Study concerns with
the object or data of the study in the literary work that is analyzed. Approach of the study contains the approach that is used in analyzing the work. Method of the Study
describes the way or procedure taken in analyzing the work.
3.1 Object of the Study
The title of the novel that will be analyzed in this study is Snow Country 1948 by Yasunari Kawabata. The English translation by Edward G. Seidensticker of
the novel was published in 1957.This novel is the most popular work of Kawabata and become one of his three novels cited by the Nobel Committee in awarding him
the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1968
.
Snow Country is the story of Shimamura, a wealthy, sophisticated and a married man from Tokyo, and a geisha named Komako in a small, nameless village
located in the snow country of Japan, which is the snowiest region on Earth. Komako and Shimamura come together at an isolated mountain hotspring. Komako is a girl
who became a geisha to help pay the medical bills of a young man who is dying. He may or may not be her fiancé. Shimamura is an older, married man with a family. He
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