Background of the Study
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conclusion, TJP as the newspaper media has its own authorization in reproduce the experiences and react fairly the representation of world into a piece of
newspaper text based on the interpretation of existence, whether it is something or someone.
The second problem is how vocabulary choices and well-ordered sentences in building up sequences of discourse are intended to design and to
produce corruption news articles. Systemic Functional Grammar SFG concerns to how meanings are made in different contexts. Halliday 2004
defines three metafunctional languages of the grammatical system used by the speakerwriter to rely on human experience. First is ideational metafunction
which function of the grammar is ‗language as reflection‘. Starting from his function focuses on ‗language as action‘ how the language used in a text
cannot be abused or misused by the language users because it presents the representation of the world. Second is interpersonal metafunction which
function is ‗language as exchange‘. There is a transaction between speaker and listener. The subject is responsible for the validity of what he is saying
about Object. Third is textual metafunction which focuses on how language creates discourse. When the grammar is represented systematically, it constructs
not only discourse sequences but also the discursive flow, cohesion, and continuity due to the contexts where the function can mean purpose or way
of using language. Those three different functional configurations can make up separate strands of meaning but their relationship construes the whole
united meaning of corruption phenomenon objectively. Bourdieu 2010 calls this significance as text autonomy, the lexico-semantic and syntax domains which
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play roles in determining the authority of the text instead of free from its producer writer and utterer.
Between actor and participant, there must be a relevant participant who can take part in the discourse to be criticized, intend to be delivered to audiences or
readers. They act as the recipient of politics information van Dijk 1993: 13. This statement points clearly to the students of linguistics in playing the role as the
agent of change to sound the independent judgment about ideological critic in what the journalists reveal about the political corruption. It proposes producing an
autonomous text – objectivity – based on the important ―real-life experience‖
meaning. Bourdieu 2010: 170 terms this condition as epoche French or epoch English. It means that a language analyst must take a distance to make
trajectory of interpretation buildings by using structural analysis, instead of bracketing the text.
The clauses, not only sentences, are bracketing to speak publicly ―Words
wreak havo c‖. That means Critical Discourse Analysis CDA occurs ―when
they words find a name for what had up to be namelessly ‖ Sartre in Bourdieu
2008:170 and are reproducing truth in rhetorical frameworks of explicature and implicature Joseph, 2006: 110-112 and Huang, 2007: 187-197. Fairclough
2010 clarifies the clear ideological text are potentially having: features of vocabulary and metaphors, grammar, presuppositions and implicatures,
politeness conventions, speech-exchange system, generic structure, and style. This paper tends also to focus on what Halliday, McIntosh, and Strevens 1964 in
Halliday 2004: 33-34 believe in the essence that the environment of meanings in which language, other semiotic systems, and social systems operate. The
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linguistic features of mode, field and tenor indicated as multi-dimensional semiotic space are applied to analyze Suryadharma Ali and Sutan Bathoegana the
ex-ministers corruption news article of TJP. By employing SFG, the researcher wishes the systemic structural analysis behind the text can be found objectively.
Because of the readers ‘ authority in receiving information; various assumptions
between ‗agree‘ and ‗disagree‘ ‒ probably be just neutral ‒ can appear and
reproduce the text they have already read. Since it is impossible for CDA researcher to criticize objectively the ideology found in the text, the analysis of
CDA must be sit-in certain subjectivity to prove the truth, revealing ideology. In analyzing the clauses of a news article in TJP, Halliday
‘s transitivity is used as a fundamental and powerful semantic concept. It generally refers to the
representational meaning of the clause to show how language users encode in a language their mental picture of reality assumptions and how they account for
their experience of the world around them presupposit ions. Since transitivity is dealt with the transmission of ideas, it is considered to fall within the realm of
the ideational function field values of language. Halliday
‘s transitivity is concerned also with propositional meanings and functions of syntactic elements. The language users play roles to a large amount
of the social impact that represents states of being, action, events, and situations concerning a given society. The concept is the speaker or writer, in this case, in a
news article, makes the choice from available options to state. It means that his opinion and point of view are ideologically significant and consistent, e.g. by
using of certain modality and tense tenor as a means to build the relationship
between the speaker and the addressee, like in the sentence: he would present
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a number of witnesses and experts [to convince the panel of judges at the court].
The inclination modulation would is used to express the writer
‘s intention to state the earlier doing-and-happening legal move of corruption suspect while the verb
present refers to present tense.
The textual metafunction mode values relates to the construction of the text. It means that an enabling or facilitating function construe experience and
enact interpersonal relations so the sequence of discourse, the discursive flow, cohesion, and continuity enable to be built up along the context, above the text.
The division between semiotic and social activities, between linguistic and semiotic in language context activities, the rhetoric, dialogic or monologic turn,
written or spoken turn, and channel whether phonic or graphic can be facilitated through mode. In the constraint of meaning, Halliday defines the Theme
functions to point the departure for the message. It is the element the speaker selects for
‗grounding‘ what he is going on to say. For example, the using of
Unmarked Theme in the clause: and that he committed none of the offenses...
The underlined is Unmarked because it has a function as the subject, nominalized clause as Head. On the other hand, in the clause: and that he committed none of
the offenses the KPK has accused him of. The underlined is Marked and it
indicates that this nominalized clause is Complementizer and has a function as the Head, while ‗the KPK‘ is the independent subject but categorized in Rheme.
In the realm of dogmatic CDA, as the language users, news media make the sum of reports about the proposition from corruptor
‘s utterances into both reported and quoted speech. It means that this condition can be used for the valid
and reliable presentation data to look for the ideology of the media itself. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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Newspaper articles also provide abundant examples of the ideological significance. This paper intentionally makes overt The Jakarta news writers
‘ concept in constructing and evaluating a report related to political participants
and actors in a news text. Due to the process of assuming corruption scandal, there must be parts of event that needss to be deleted or added in order to
make a logical and a chronological story. A problem appears when the journalists are commonly non-native English
speakers in which their English ability must be in the same degree of natives ‘
English competence to make a good arranged of English news text. Although their mental lexicons are different with the English natives, their ideas and
structures of writing hereby are built in the realm of English language. It can make sense that the journalists can influence the English readers to disagree about the
corruption scandals or cases. Van Dijk 1997 states that basic frameworks of social cognition should be able shared by members of social groups and three
kinds of unconscious human elements of cognition in order to cover news writers
‘ ideologies can be met. His three-previous-terms are a symbol, representation, and language. They are best indicators in constitute and organize
an ideological scheme that represents self-definition of a group. In addition, Fairclough 1998 optimizes that the lexis and rhetoric on the language used of
news article do not only represent symbol but also power to dominate others. For simplification, the text has a mean to construct a language which is
intended for hegemonic control. Since this study tends to be more mediated political discourse, the
research in both Media Discourse and Corruption Discourse are good to use as PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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the previous studies. Here two researchers who are interested in analyzing the discourse analysis of Media by using SFG as the fundamental of structural
analysis to conduct a CDA study as the approach to use. The first is Matu and Lubbe 2007. They examine the application of two approaches from discourse
analysis, that is, the ideological square from CDA which analyzes consistency and relevancy of Kenya print media
‘s idea; and transitivity of Halliday. The component of SFG in the representational clause analysis of political parties in
the 1997 elections intend to show how political groups in the sense of us vs them and the representational processes of transitivity can construct ideological
discourse. The second is Akinwotu 2014. He compares only the discursive strategies
in the media interviews of participants in the January 2012 crisis on the removal of fuel subsidy in Nigeria. The framework of CDA examines a total of ten media
interviews of government spokespersons and protesters on the rationality of government
‘s action. His research shows that the government spokespersons deploy blackmail containing opinion and defensive rhetoric, while protesters
utterances are characterized as a threat to government by using combat and condemnatory rhetoric. Manipulative persuasion strategies of solidarity and
framing are significantly used by those parties. It is interesting since Corruption Discourse is an integrated part of Political
Discourse which is mediated through the media. It is said as Mediated Political Discourse, stated in
‗Media Discourse‘ in Fairclough 1995: 77. There are few Indonesia researchers conduct CDA framework in political fields in order to find
the ideology of Indonesian Newspaper in reporting corruption cases. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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Mardikantoro 2014 analyzes the attitudinal study of how Kompas, Koran Tempo, Republika, Jawa Pos and Suara Merdeka have their own point of view
in reporting the corruption cases, especially in the editorial. The ideologies are found within Fairclough
‘s Framing. Firstly Koran Tempo in the two editorials shows its disagreement about misleading two suspects into custody. They are
Indar Atmanto, an ex-Indosat director who sentenced as the accused in the corruption case instead of a witness informing the corruption case; and of
Brigjen Heru Sukrisno, who lately give back the corruption document of military ‗Fokker F-50‘ project he had examined. Secondly, Koran Tempo, Kompas,
Republika, Jawa Pos and Suara Merdeka show their support to some corruption cases which involving Nazarrudin, Wiendu Nuryanti, Fathonah and
Gayus Tambunan. Saputri and Suratnoaji 2015 examine a CDA study in Seputar Indonesia
and Jawa Pos covering the ruling party leader corruption. They found that the discursive strategies construe and the ideological goals probe Anas Urbaningrum
AU, the former ruling Democrat Party leader corruption case before the 2014 general election was held. Seputar Indonesia Sindo texts are defending AU by
presenting very systematic and consistent discourse patterns even after the Corruption Eradication Commission KPK sentenced AU a suspect in corruption
and money laundering cases. Jawa Pos texts, in contrary, is emphasizing law enforcement for AU corruption case trying to elaborate the attacking comments
from some party senior cadres to AU that make the reputation of Democrat party significantly dropped.
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From the elaboration of the background of this study in the previous paragraphs, this paper intends to observe the written form of language use in
news articles of corruption cases in The Jakarta Post TJP with Systemic Functional Grammar. The analysis of Halliday
‘s SFG, i.e. the clause as message textual metafunction, the clause as exchange interpersonal metafunction and
the clause as representation experiential metafunction in the newspaper TJP generally attracting public attention of corruption cases done by ministries; are
still in the line with the goal of CDA: finding out the ideology of news text that relates to the power, control, inequality, hegemony and oppression in
language system by considering the situational context behind it van Dijk, 1993 and Wodak, 1995.