16
The journalists, however, has the legitimation to report the case, to quote the utterances and to produce texts; and the researcher also can play role as the
addressee of information has an opportunity to criticize agreedisagree. The main tool to analyze the written texts is the metafunction analysis, and the research on
CDA based on SFG that news text has its own alignments to oppose or to support anti corruption, is applicable to be used in text analysis. Titscher and Wodak
2000 explicitly agree that Fairclough ‘s CDA is related to the grammatical
construction of Michael Halliday ‘s Systemic Functional linguistics that language
is dealt with social interaction, and the dialectical process, the cultural and historical acts of meaning making are essential to provide as data text. By
observing the linguistic structure and applying the SFG approach, the relation between text and the social circumstances will be relatable in accordance with
each other. Practically, this research helps, first, the academic reader comprehend the
language use in how the messages are expressed and interconnected the ideas. Fairclough 1997 defines languages used, as well as other semiotic systems, are
a particular type of social structure that use to be a felicity. Through syntactic level, the meanings of corruption action moments in news article can be
expressed in the concept of socio-political interaction which takes part linguistic form. It also, second, gives a contribution that by using linguistic
approach the crime in the framing of news text can be justified clearly even before the investigation continues to the decision court level. If the use of the
language of speakers is intelligible enough, the misconception and misunderstanding will be avoided. Finally, the relationship between discourse
17
and social practice and other elements or ‗moments‘ of social events classified as
semiotics, produces the textual emergence against corruption. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
18
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter consists of three divisions. The first is literature review which displays the theories underlying this research that identified as the main tools to
answer the research questions. The second is the related studies that focus on previous studies which are in the same interest and area with this research. The
third is the theoretical framework of how the theories are elaborated to answer the research questions.
2.1 Theoretical Review
This part shows the theories that are used to clarify the research topic. Those are Critical Discourse Analysis CDA, Ideology, Language and Symbolic
Power, Media Discourse and Systemic Functional Grammar SFG.
2.1.1 Critical Discourse Analysis CDA
Critical Discourse Analysis CDA concerns with relations of power, ideology, and inequality in language. CDA becomes one of the most influential
and visible schools of Discourse Analysis DA in order to represent a more general process of convergence in theories and practices of research on social and
language. Between CDA and DA, there is a discrepancy to determine. Bloomaert and Bulcaen 2000 define that discourse refers to a text in context. It
is the contexts which can produce the emergence of texts. However, It is a complicated power object in modern societies that need to be analyzed as a
medium of social language interaction while Fairclough 1995: 25 states it is as PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
19
‗a field of both ideological processes and linguistic processes, and ... there is a determinate relation between these two kinds of process
‘. In other words, DA assumes as a language in action; while CDA aims to make it more visible and
transparent. The purpose of CDA is to analyze structural relationships of dominance, discrimination, power, and control as manifested in language.
Therefore to analyze the power structure, the task of critical linguistics and discourse analysis show the role of language and discourse in the development
of maintenance and reproduction of that system van Dijk, 1997. Malrieu 1999: 96-97 defines a main of two Discourse Analysis theoretical tricks from French
which involved many linguists and social scientists in distinguishing between text and discourse. The text is studied by means of linguistic theories while
discourse is described by ideology theory. The analysis of DA goes directly from linguistic features to interpretations. Meaning is the object of ideology
theory, but Semantics is idealism in linguistic study. In conclusion, CDA focuses on relations between the structure of language strategies interpretation and of
social practices explanation so they can be constituted in the semiotic dimension orders of discourse.
CDA is an important study in order to show the existence of discourse of economic, socio-political and cultural changes of modernity. Wodak 1997: 173
states that the critical approach is distinctive in its view of, first, the relationship between language and society and, second, the relationship between analysis and
the practices analyzed. It means that a social theory of discourse is constructed and a methodological blueprint for critical discourse analysis is provided in
practice. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
